Methods for coating surfaces with antimicrobial agents

Abstract

Disclosed are methods for coating or impregnating a surface with an antimicrobial agent that involve contacting the surface with a composition that includes an antimicrobial agent and a solvent, and curing the surface by applying heat. Also disclosed are methods for reducing the risk of development or progression of an infection in a subject in need of a medical device, that involve coating or impregnating a surface of the medical device with an antimicrobial agent and then curing the surface by applying heat, wherein the risk of development or progression of an infection is reduced.

1 . A method for coating or impregnating a non-organic surface with an antimicrobial agent, comprising: 
 a) contacting the non-organic surface with an composition comprising an antimicrobial agent and a solvent; and    b) curing the non-organic surface at a temperature that is at least about 40° C., wherein at least some of the solvent that was contacted with the surface is removed, and wherein the antimicrobial agent coats or impregnates the surface.    
   
   
       2 . The method of  claim 1 , further defined as a method for coating or impregnating a medical device with an antimicrobial agent, wherein the non-organic surface is the surface of a medical device.  
   
   
       3 . The method of  claim 2 , wherein the medical device is an endotracheal tube, a tracheotomy tube, chest tube, a vascular catheter, an urinary catheter, a nephrostomy tube, a biliary stent, a peritoneal catheter, an epidural catheter, a central nervous system catheter, an orthopedic device, a prosthetic valve, a gastric tube, an intestinal tube, or drug-delivery implant.  
   
   
       4 . The method of  claim 3 , wherein the medical device is a vascular catheter selected from the group consisting of a central venous catheter, an arterial line, a pulmonary artery catheter, a stent, and a peripheral venous catheter, an infusion port, or a dialysis catheter.  
   
   
       5 . The method of  claim 3 , wherein the medical device is a central nervous system catheter further defined as an intraventricular shunt.  
   
   
       6 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the non-organic surface is a surface of a glove, a condom, a gown, hospital equipment, a table, a container, a countertop, a floor, a bag, a suture, a device used in food-processing, a sponge, or a mop.  
   
   
       7 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the antimicrobial agent is further defined as an antibiotic, an antiseptic, an antiviral agent, an antifungal agent, or a disinfectant.  
   
   
       8 . The method of  claim 7 , wherein the antimicrobial agent is an antibiotic.  
   
   
       9 . The method of  claim 8 , wherein the antibiotic is a tetracycline, a macrocyclic antibiotic compound, or a combination thereof.  
   
   
       10 . The method of  claim 9 , wherein the tetracycline is minocycline.  
   
   
       11 . The method of  claim 9 , wherein the macrocyclic antibiotic is rifampin, rifampicin, or a combination thereof.  
   
   
       12 . The method of  claim 8 , wherein the composition comprises tetracycline and minocycline.  
   
   
       13 . The method of  claim 7 , wherein the antimicrobial agent is an antiseptic.  
   
   
       14 . The method of  claim 7 , wherein the antimicrobial agent is a disinfectant.  
   
   
       15 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the antimicrobial agent comprises a dye, a basic reagent, or a combination thereof.  
   
   
       16 . The method of  claim 15 , wherein the composition comprises a basic reagent and a dye.  
   
   
       17 . The method of  claim 16 , wherein the basic reagent is a guanidium compound, a biguanide, a bipyridine, a phenoxide antiseptic, an alkyl oxide, an aryl oxide, a thiol, a halide, an aliphatic amine, or an aromatic amine.  
   
   
       18 . The method of  claim 17 , wherein the basic reagent is a guanidium compound.  
   
   
       19 . The method of  claim 18 , wherein the guanidium compound is chlorhexidine, alexidine, or hexamidine.  
   
   
       20 . The method of  claim 17 , wherein the basic reagent is a bipyridine.  
   
   
       21 . The method of  claim 20 , wherein the bipyridine is octenidine.  
   
   
       22 . The method of  claim 17 , wherein the basic reagent is a phenoxide antiseptic.  
   
   
       23 . The method of  claim 22 , wherein the phenoxide antiseptic is clofoctol, chloroxylenol, or triclosan.  
   
   
       24 . The method of  claim 16 , wherein the dye is a triarylmethane dye, a monoazo dye, a diazo dye, an indigoid dye, a xanthene dye, an anthraquinone dye, a quinoline dye, an FD&C dye, a D&C dye, or brilliant green.  
   
   
       25 . The method of  claim 24 , wherein the dye is a triarylmethane dye selected from the group consisting of gentian violet, crystal violet, and ethyl violet.  
   
   
       26 . The method of  claim 25 , wherein the FD&C dye is Blue No. 1 or Green No. 3.  
   
   
       27 . The method of  claim 24 , wherein the monoazo dye is FD&C Yellow No. 5 or FD&C Yellow No. 6.  
   
   
       28 . The method of  claim 24 , wherein the diazo dye is D&C Red No. 17.  
   
   
       29 . The method of  claim 24 , wherein the indigoid dye is FD&C Blue No. 2.  
   
   
       30 . The method of  claim 24 , wherein the xanthene dye is FD&C Red No. 3.  
   
   
       31 . The method of  claim 24 , wherein the anthraquinone dye is D&C Green No. 6.  
   
   
       32 . The method of  claim 24 , wherein the quinoline dye is D&C Yellow No. 1.  
   
   
       33 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the surface comprises a micropore or a nanopore.  
   
   
       34 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein curing comprises heating the surface to a temperature that is about 40° C. to about 100° C.  
   
   
       35 . The method of  claim 24 , wherein curing comprises heating the surface to a temperature that is about 40° C. to about 80° C.  
   
   
       36 . The method of  claim 35 , wherein curing comprises heating the surface to a temperature that is about 40° C. to about 60° C.  
   
   
       37 . The method of  claim 36 , wherein the surface is heated for about 1 hour to about 3 weeks.  
   
   
       38 . The method of  claim 37 , wherein the surface is heated for about 12 hours to about 96 hours.  
   
   
       39 . The method of  claim 38 , wherein the surface is heated for about 24 hours to about 72 hours.  
   
   
       40 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein curing is further defined as drying the surface.  
   
   
       41 . The method of  claim 1 , further comprises washing the surface after curing the surface.  
   
   
       42 . The method of  claim 41 , wherein washing is further defined as contacting the surface with a composition comprising a detergent and water.  
   
   
       43 . The method of  claim 41 , further comprising curing the surface at a temperature of at least 40° C. after washing the surface.  
   
   
       44 . The method of  claim 43 , wherein the surface is cured for at least 1 hour to at least 96 hours.  
   
   
       45 . The method of  claim 44 , wherein the surface is cured for at least 24 hours to at least 72 hours.  
   
   
       46 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the surface is composed of a polymer or silicone.  
   
   
       47 . The method of  claim 46 , wherein the polymer is polyvinyl chloride, polyurethane, polyethylene, silastic elastomers, polytetrafluoroethylene, dacron, collodion, carboethane or nylon.  
   
   
       48 . The method of  claim 2 , further comprising packaging the medical device in a container.  
   
   
       49 . The method of  claim 2 , further comprising sterilizing the medical device.  
   
   
       50 . A method for coating or impregnating a medical device with an antimicrobial composition, comprising the steps of: 
 a) contacting the medical device with a composition comprising an antimicrobial agent and a solvent;    b) curing the medical device at a temperature of about 40° C. to about 80° C. for about 12 hours to about 72 hours, wherein the medical device is dried;    c) washing the medical device with an aqueous composition; and    d) repeating step b),    wherein the medical device becomes coated or impregnated with an antimicrobial composition.    
   
   
       51 . A method for reducing the risk of development or progression of an infection in a subject in need of a medical device, comprising coating or impregnating a surface of the medical device with an antimicrobial agent in accordance with the method of  claim 1  prior to contacting the medical device with the subject, wherein the risk of development or progression of an infection is reduced.  
   
   
       52 . The method of  claim 51 , wherein the subject is a human.  
   
   
       53 . The method of  claim 51 , wherein the antimicrobial agent is further defined as an antibiotic, an antiseptic, an antiviral agent, an antifungal agent, or a disinfectant.  
   
   
       54 . The method of  claim 53 , wherein the antimicrobial agent is an antibiotic.  
   
   
       55 . The method of  claim 54 , wherein the antibiotic is a tetracycline, a macrocyclic antibiotic compound, or a combination thereof.  
   
   
       56 . The method of  claim 55 , wherein the tetracycline is minocycline.  
   
   
       57 . The method of  claim 55 , wherein the macrocyclic antibiotic is rifampin, rifampicin, or a combination thereof.  
   
   
       58 . The method of  claim 51 , wherein the infection is pneumonia, bacteremia, fungimia, candidemia, a urinary tract infection, a catheter-exit site infection, or a surgical wound infection.  
   
   
       59 . The method of  claim 51 , wherein the infection is a nosocomial infection.  
   
   
       60 . The method of  claim 59 , wherein the infection is caused by methicillin-resistant staphylococci, vancomycin-resistant enterococci, resistant  Pseudomonas aeruginosa , or a combination thereof.  
   
   
       61 . The method of  claim 59 , wherein the infection is a fungal infection secondary to  Candida  species.  
   
   
       62 . The method of  claim 51 , wherein the antimicrobial agent is an antibacterial agent, an antiviral agent, or an antifungal agent.  
   
   
       63 . The method of  claim 62 , wherein the antibacterial agent is minocycline or rifampin.  
   
   
       64 . The method of  claim 51 , wherein the composition comprises a basic reagent and a dye.  
   
   
       65 . The method of  claim 51 , wherein the medical device is an endotracheal tube, a vascular catheter, an urinary catheter, a nephrostomy tube, a biliary stent, a peritoneal catheter, an epidural catheter, a central nervous system catheter, an orthopedic device, a prosthetic valve, a silk suture, or a medical implant.  
   
   
       66 . The method of  claim 65 , wherein the medical device is a vascular catheter further defined as a central venous catheter, an arterial line, an pulmonary artery catheter, or a peripheral venous catheter.  
   
   
       67 . The method of  claim 65 , wherein said central nervous system catheter is an intraventricular shunt.