Enhanced antistatic additives for hydrocarbon fuels & solvents

Abstract

Described herein are enhanced performance of antistatic additive compositions for hydrocarbon fuels, the compositions comprising olefin-sulfur dioxide copolymers in combination with polymeric polyamines prepared using an ortho-xylene solvent.

1 . An antistatic additive composition for hydrocarbon fuels comprising, based on total weight, 
 i. from about 1 to 50 percent of polysulfone,    ii. from about 1 to 50 percent of polymeric polyamine,    iii. from about 1 to 30 percent of oil-soluble sulfonic acid, and    iv. from about 3 to 97 percent of solvent,    said polysulfone of (i) comprising about 50 mol percent of units from sulfur dioxide, about 40 to 50 mol percent of units derived from one or more 1-alkenes each having from about 4 to 24 carbon atoms, and from about 0 to 10 mol percent of units derived from an olefinic compound having the formula ACH═CHB wherein A is a group having the formula —C x H 2x )—COOH wherein x is from about 0 to about 17, and B is hydrogen or carboxyl, with the proviso that when B is carboxyl, x is 0, and wherein A and B together can be a dicarboxylic anhydride group,    said polymeric polyamine of (ii) having the formula                          wherein    R 1  is an aliphatic hydrocarbyl group of 8 to 24 carbon atoms,    R 2  is an alkylene group of 2 to 6 carbon atoms,    R is R 1 , or, an N-aliphatic hydrocarbyl alkylene group of the formula R 1 NHR 2 ,    a is an integer of 0 to 20,    b is an integer of 0 to 20,    c is an integer of 0 to 20, and    x is an integer of 1 to 2,    with the proviso that when R is R 1  then a is an integer of 2 to 20 and b=c=0, and when R is R 1 NH—R 2  then a is 0 and b+c is an integer of 2 to 20,    said oil-soluble sulfonic acid of (iii) being dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid, and    said solvent of (iv) being ortho-xylene.    
   
   
       2 . The composition of  claim 1 , wherein said polysulfone has an molecular weight ranging from about 10,000, to about 1,500,000 amu.  
   
   
       3 . The composition of  claim 1 , wherein said polysulfone is selected from the group consisting of 1-hexene, 1-heptene, 1-octene, 1-nonene, 1-decene, 1-undecene, 1-dodecene, 1-tridecene, 1-tetradecene, 1-pentadecene, 1-hexadecene, 1-heptadecene, 1-octadecene, 1-nonodecene, 1-eicosene, 1-heneicosene, 1-docosene, 1-tricosene, and 1-tetracosene.  
   
   
       4 . The composition of  claim 3 , wherein said polysulfone is 1-decene.  
   
   
       5 . The composition of  claim 1 , wherein said polymeric polyamine is a polymeric reaction product of epichlorohydrin with an aliphatic primary monoamine or N-aliphatic hydrocarbyl alkylene diamine.  
   
   
       6 . The composition of  claim 5 , wherein said aliphatic primary monoamine is selected from the group consisting of octylamine, nonylamine, decylamine, undecylamine, dodecylamine, tridedecylamine, tetadecylamine, pentadecylamine, hexadecylamine, heptadecylamine, octdadecylamine, nonadecylamine, eicosylamine, heneicosylamine, docosylamine, tricosylamine, and tetracosylamine.  
   
   
       7 . The composition of  claim 5 , wherein said N-aliphatic hydrocarbyl alkylene diamine is selected from the group consisting of N-octyl, N-nonyl, N-decyl, N-undecyl, N-dodecyl, N-tridecyl, N-tetradecyl, N-pentadecyl, N-hexadecyl, N-heptadecyl, N-octadecyl, N-nonadecyl, N-eicosyl, N-uneicosyl, N-docosyl, N-tricosyl, N-tetracosyl, as well as the corresponding N-alkenyl derivatives of ethylenediamine, propylenediamine, butylenediamine, pentylenediamine, and hexylenediamine  
   
   
       8 . The composition of  claim 1 , wherein a weight ration of said polysulfone to said polyamine ranges from about 100:1 to about 1:100.  
   
   
       9 . The composition of  claim 1 , wherein a weight ration of said polysulfone to said polyamine ranges from about 50:1 to about 1:1.  
   
   
       10 . The composition of  claim 1 , wherein a weight ration of said polysulfone to said polyamine ranges from about 20:1 to about 1:1.  
   
   
       11 . The composition of  claim 1 , wherein said sulfonic acid is either a mono or di sulfonate of alkyl benzene.  
   
   
       12 . The composition of  claim 11 , wherein said sulfonic acid is either dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid or dinonylnaphthyl sulfonic acid.  
   
   
       13 . A hydrocarbon fuel boiling range of from about 200 to about 375° C. having from about 0.01 ppm to about 40 ppm of said composition defined in  claim 1 .  
   
   
       14 . An antistatic additive composition comprising, based on total weight, 
 i. from about 1 to 50 percent of polysulfone,    ii. from about 1 to 50 percent of polymeric polyamine, and    iii. from about 3 to 97 percent of solvent,    said polysulfone of (i) comprising about 50 mole percent of units from sulfur dioxide, about 40 to 50 percent of units derived from one or more 1-alkenes each having from about 4 to 24 carbon atoms, and from about 0 to 10 mol percent of units derived from an olefinic compound having the formula ACH═CHB wherein A is a group having the formula —C x H 2x )—COOH wherein x is from 0 to about 17, and B is hydrogen or carboxyl, with the proviso that when B is carboxyl, x is 0, and wherein A and B together can be a dicarboxylic anhydride group,    said polymeric polyamine of (ii) having the formula                          wherein    R 1  is an aliphatic hydrocarbyl group of 8 to 24 carbon atoms,    R 2  is an alkylene group of 2 to 6 carbon atoms,    R is R 1 , or, an N-aliphatic hydrocarbyl alkylene group of the formula R 1 NHR 2 ,    a is an integer of 0 to 20,    b is an integer of 0 to 20,    c is an integer of 0 to 20, and    x is an integer of 1 to 2,    with the proviso that when R is R 1  then a is an integer of 2 to 20 and b=c=0, when R is R 1 NH—R 2  then a is 0 and b+c is an integer of 2 to 20, and    said solvent of (iii) being ortho-xylene.    
   
   
       15 . An antistatic additive composition comprising, based o total weight, 
 i. from about 1 to 50 percent of polysulfone,    ii. from about 1 to 50 percent of polyamine,    iii. from about 0.5 to 5 percent of quaternary ammonium compound,    iv. from about 1 to 30 percent of oil-soluble sulfonic acid, and    v. from about 3 to 97 percent of solvent,    said polysulfone of (i) comprising about 50 mol percent of units derived from sulfur dioxide, from about 40 to 50 mol percent of units derived form 1-alkene of 4 to 24 carbon atoms and 0 to about 10 mol percent of units derived from an olefin having the formula, ACH═CHB, wherein A is a group having the formula —(C x H 2x )—COOH wherein    x is from 0 to about 17, and B is hydrogen or carboxyl, with the proviso that when B is carboxyl, x is 0, and wherein A and B together can be a dicarboxylic anhydride group,    said polyamine of (ii) having the formula                          wherein    R 1  is an aliphatic hydrocarbyl group of 8 to 24 carbon atoms,    R 2  is an alkylene group of 2 to 6 carbon atoms,    R is R 1 , or, an N-aliphatic hydrocarbyl alkylene group of the formula R 1 NHR 2 ,    a is an integer of 0 to 20,    b is an integer of 0 to 20,    c is an integer of 0 to 20, and    x is an integer of 1 to 2,    with the proviso that when R is R 1  then a is an integer of 2 to 20 and b=c=0, and when R is R 1 NH—R 2  then a is 0 and b+c is an integer of 2 to 20, the quaternary ammonium compound of (iii) having the formula                          wherein    Alk 1  and Alk 2  are the same or different alkyl groups having from 1 to 22 carbon atoms,    Alk 3  is selected from the group consisting of alkyl groups of 1 to 22 carbon atoms and                          where Alk 3  is hydrogen or methyl and n is 1 to 20,    Alk 4  is selected from the group consisting of    (a) an alkyl group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms,    (b) an aralkyl group having from 7 to 22 carbon atoms,    (c) a                          group as defined above,    (d) a                          group, wherein    Alk 6  and Alk 7  are the same or different alkyl groups having from 11 to 19 carbon atoms, and    (e) an —Alk 8 —CO 2  group wherein Alk 8  is a hydrocarbyl group having from 1 to 17 carbon atoms, with the proviso that when Alk 1 , Alk 2 , Alk 3  and Alk 4  are each alkyl groups, at least one of them is an alkyl group having at least 8 carbon atoms,    A is an anion,    z is 0 or 1, z is 0 when Alk 4  is (d) or (e), and    y is at least 1, y is equal to the ionic valence of anion A when z is 1,    said composition comprises, in combination therewith,    said oil-soluble sulfonic acid of (iv) being dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid, and    said solvent of (v) being ortho-xylene.    
   
   
       16 . The composition of  claim 15 , wherein said quaternary ammonium is dicocodimethyl ammonium nitrite.  
   
   
       17 . A composition comprising a major proportion of a suitable fuel oil and a minor portion of a suitable additive.  
   
   
       18 . The composition of  claim 17 , wherein said suitable fuel oil is selected from the group consisting of a petroleum-based fuel, kerosene, jet fuel oil, middle distillate heating oils, and diesel fuel oil.  
   
   
       19 . The composition of  claim 18 , wherein said petroleum-based fuel is a gasoline or middle distillate fuel oil.  
   
   
       20 . The composition of  claim 17 , wherein said suitable additive is an additive defined by  claim 1.