Additives for minimizing injector fouling and valve deposits and their uses

Abstract

This invention relates to compositions for use in minimizing injector fouling, such as in fuel injectors, and preventing deposits in valves, such as intake valves, comprising (a) a Mannich detergent and (b) a succinimide that comprises a reaction product of (i) an alkenyl-substituted succinic anhydride having an average molecular weight of about 250 to about 3000 and (ii) an amine-containing polyalkylene polymer having an average molecular weight of about 100 to about 750, wherein the alkenyl-substituted succinic anhydride and the amine-containing polyalkylene polymer are present in the reaction at a molar ratio of about 2.0:1.0 to about 1.0:1.3.

1 . A gasoline additive composition comprising (a) a Mannich detergent and (b) a succinimide that comprises a reaction product of (i) an alkenyl-substituted succinic anhydride having an average molecular weight of about 250 to about 3000 and (ii) an amine-containing polyalkylene polymer having an average molecular weight of about 100 to about 750, wherein the alkenyl-substituted succinic anhydride and the amine-containing polyalkylene polymer are present in the reaction at a molar ratio of about 2.0:1.0 to about 1.0:1.3.  
     
     
         2 . The composition of  claim 1 , wherein the alkenyl-substituted succinic anhydride has an average molecular weight of about 600 to about 2000.  
     
     
         3 . The composition of  claim 1 , wherein the alkenyl-substituent group of the alkenyl-substituted succinic anhydride has an average molecular weight of about 200 to about 2950.  
     
     
         4 . The composition of  claim 1 , wherein the alkenyl-substituted succinic anhydride is polyisobutylene succinic anhydride.  
     
     
         5 . The composition of  claim 4 , wherein the polyisobutylene succinic anhydride has an average molecular weight of about 600 to about 2000.  
     
     
         6 . The composition of  claim 4 , wherein the alkenyl-substituent group of the polyisobutylene succinic anhydride has an average molecular weight of about 200 to about 2950.  
     
     
         7 . The composition of  claim 1 , wherein the amine-containing polyalkylene polymer has an average molecular weight of about 125 to about 650.  
     
     
         8 . The composition of  claim 1 , wherein the amine-containing polyalkylene polymer is a mixture in which the predominant amine-containing polyalkylene polymer contains at least about 4 nitrogen atoms per molecule.  
     
     
         9 . The composition of  claim 1 , wherein the average number of nitrogen atoms per molecule of the amine-containing polyalkylene polymer is about 3.0 to about 18.0.  
     
     
         10 . The composition of  claim 1 , wherein the amine-containing polyalkylene polymer is tetraethylenepentamine.  
     
     
         11 . The composition of  claim 1 , wherein the alkenyl-substituted succinic anhydride is polyisobutylene succinic anhydride and the amine-containing polyalkylene polymer is tetraethylenepentamine.  
     
     
         12 . The composition of  claim 1 , wherein the alkenyl-substituted succinic anhydride and the amine-containing polyalkylene polymer are present in the reaction in a molar ratio of about 1.6:1.0 to about 1.0:1.0.  
     
     
         13 . The composition of  claim 1 , wherein the Mannich detergent comprises the reaction product of at least one alkyl-substituted hydroxyaromatic compound, an aldehyde and at least one amine.  
     
     
         14 . The composition of  claim 13 , wherein the alkyl-substituted hydroxyaromatic compound is an alkyl-substituted cresol.  
     
     
         15 . The composition of  claim 14 , wherein the alkyl-substituted cresol is polybutylphenol.  
     
     
         16 . The composition of  claim 15 , wherein the polybutylphenol has an average molecular weight of about 750 to about 1200.  
     
     
         17 . The composition of  claim 13 , wherein the amine comprises at least one aliphatic diamine having one primary or secondary amino group and one tertiary amino group in the molecule.  
     
     
         18 . The composition of  claim 17 , wherein the amine comprises dibutyl amine.  
     
     
         19 . The composition of  claim 13 , wherein the aldehyde is formaldehyde.  
     
     
         20 . The composition of  claim 13 , wherein the alkyl-substituted hydroxyaromatic compound is an alkyl-substituted cresol, the aldehyde is formaldehyde, and the amine is dibutyl amine.  
     
     
         21 . The composition of  claim 1 , wherein the composition additionally contains at least one additive selected from the group consisting of carrier fluids, friction modifiers, detergents, dispersants, anti-valve-seat reducing agents, combustion improvers, antioxidants, heat stabilizers, anti-icing additives, antiknock additives, corrosion inhibitors, dehazers, metal deactivators, antifoaming agents, biocides, cosolvents, package compatibilisers, lubricity additives, antistatic additives, drag reducing agents, dyes, markers, cold flow additives, and demulsifiers.  
     
     
         22 . A gasoline fuel composition comprising (a) a hydrocarbon, (b) a Mannich detergent and (c) a succinimide that comprises a reaction product of (i) an alkenyl-substituted succinic anhydride having an average molecular weight of about 250 to about 3000 and (ii) an amine-containing polyalkylene polymer having an average molecular weight of about 100 to about 750, wherein the alkenyl-substituted succinic anhydride and the amine-containing polyalkylene polymer are present in the reaction at a molar ratio of about 2.0:1.0 to about 1.0:1.3.  
     
     
         23 . The fuel composition of  claim 22 , wherein the Mannich detergent and the succinimide are each present in a minor amount.  
     
     
         24 . The fuel composition of  claim 22 , wherein the hydrocarbon comprises a spark-ignition fuel.  
     
     
         25 . The fuel composition of  claim 24 , wherein the spark-ignition fuel comprises gasoline.  
     
     
         26 . The fuel composition of  claim 25 , wherein the spark-ignition fuel comprises a blend of hydrocarbons of the gasoline boiling range and a fuel-soluble oxygenated compound.  
     
     
         27 . The fuel composition of  claim 22 , wherein the alkenyl-substituted succinic anhydride has an average molecular weight of about 600 to about 2000.  
     
     
         28 . The fuel composition of  claim 22 , wherein the alkenyl-substituent group of the alkenyl-substituted succinic anhydride has an average molecular weight of about 200 to about 2950.  
     
     
         29 . The fuel composition of  claim 22 , wherein the alkenyl-substituted succinic anhydride is polyisobutylene succinic anhydride.  
     
     
         30 . The fuel composition of  claim 29 , wherein the polyisobutylene succinic anhydride has an average molecular weight of about 600 to about 2000.  
     
     
         31 . The fuel composition of  claim 29 , wherein the alkenyl-substituent group of the polyisobutylene succinic anhydride has an average molecular weight of about 200 to about 2950.  
     
     
         32 . The fuel composition of  claim 22 , wherein the amine-containing polyalkylene polymer has an average molecular weight of about 125 to about 650.  
     
     
         33 . The fuel composition of  claim 22 , wherein the amine-containing polyalkylene polymer is a mixture in which the predominant amine-containing polyalkylene polymer contains at least about 4 nitrogen atoms per molecule.  
     
     
         34 . The fuel composition of  claim 22 , wherein the average number of nitrogen atoms per molecule of the amine-containing polyalkylene polymer is about 3.0 to about 18.0.  
     
     
         35 . The fuel composition of  claim 22 , wherein the amine-containing polyalkylene polymer is tetraethylenepentamine.  
     
     
         36 . The fuel composition of  claim 22 , wherein the alkenyl-substituted succinic anhydride is polyisobutylene succinic anhydride and the amine-containing polyalkylene polymer is tetraethylenepentamine.  
     
     
         37 . The fuel composition of  claim 22 , wherein the alkenyl-substituted succinic anhydride and the amine-containing polyalkylene polymer are present in the reaction at a molar ratio of about 1.6:1.0 to about 1.0:1.0.  
     
     
         38 . The fuel composition of  claim 22 , wherein the Mannich detergent comprises the reaction product of at least one alkyl-substituted hydroxyaromatic compound, an aldehyde and at least one amine.  
     
     
         39 . The fuel composition of  claim 38 , wherein the alkyl-substituted hydroxyaromatic compound is an alkyl-substituted cresol.  
     
     
         40 . The fuel composition of  claim 39 , wherein the alkyl-substituted cresol is polybutylphenol.  
     
     
         41 . The fuel composition of  claim 40 , wherein the polybutylphenol has an average molecular weight of about 750 to about 1200.  
     
     
         42 . The fuel composition of  claim 38 , wherein the amine comprises at least one aliphatic diamine having one primary or secondary amino group and one tertiary amino group in the molecule.  
     
     
         43 . The fuel composition of  claim 42 , wherein the amine comprises dibutyl amine.  
     
     
         44 . The fuel composition of  claim 38 , wherein the aldehyde is formaldehyde.  
     
     
         45 . The fuel composition of  claim 38 , wherein the alkyl-substituted hydroxyaromatic compound is an alkyl-substituted cresol, the aldehyde is formaldehyde, and the amine is dibutyl amine.  
     
     
         46 . The fuel composition of 22, wherein the succinimide and the Mannich detergent are each present in an amount that is about 0.5 to about 500 parts per million.  
     
     
         47 . The fuel composition of  claim 22 , wherein the fuel composition additionally contains an additive selected from the group consisting of carrier fluids, friction modifiers, detergents, dispersants, anti-valve-seat reducing agents, combustion improvers, antioxidants, heat stabilizers, anti-icing additives, antiknock additives, corrosion inhibitors, dehazers, metal deactivators, antifoaming agents, biocides, cosolvents, package compatibilisers, lubricity additives, antistatic additives, drag reducing agents, dyes, markers, cold flow additives, and demulsifiers.  
     
     
         48 . An engine comprising the composition of  claim 1 .  
     
     
         49 . An engine comprising the fuel composition of  claim 22 .  
     
     
         50 . A method of preventing gasoline engine injector fouling comprising contacting an injector with the composition of  claim 1 .  
     
     
         51 . A method of preventing injector fouling comprising contacting an injector with the fuel composition of  claim 22 .  
     
     
         52 . A method of preventing valve deposits comprising providing the composition of  claim 1 .  
     
     
         53 . A method of preventing valve deposits comprising providing the fuel composition of  claim 22.