Method of differentiating stem cells into cells of the endoderm and pancreatic lineage

Abstract

Methods are described to more efficiently produce cells of the endoderm and pancreatic lineage from mammalian pluripotent stem cells. These methods provide a simple, reproducible culture protocol using defined media components to enable consistent, large-scale production of pancreatic cell types for research or therapeutic uses.

1 . A method of culturing human pluripotent stem cells to produce cells of the pancreatic lineage, the method comprising the steps of 
 (a) culturing the stem cells under conditions that induce differentiation in the direction of mesendoderm, wherein the conditions include the presence of an effective amount of a bone morphogenetic protein;    (b) culturing the cells from step (a) under conditions favoring the formation of intact embryoid bodies (EBs), wherein the EBs are surrounded by a layer of visceral yolk sac; and    (c) culturing the cells from the EBs of step (b) under conditions favoring terminal differentiation of the cells to the pancreatic lineage.    
     
     
         2 . The method of  claim 1  wherein the culture conditions in step (c) include culturing the EB cells in a serum-free medium containing insulin, transferrin, selenium, FGF7, nicotinamide, and exendin-4.  
     
     
         3 . The method of  claim 1  wherein the amount of bone morphogenetic protein ranges from about 10 ng/ml to about 100 ng/ml.  
     
     
         4 . The method of  claim 1  wherein the bone morphogenetic protein is BMP4.  
     
     
         5 . The method of  claim 4  wherein an effective amount of BMP4 is about 50 ng/ml.  
     
     
         6 . The method of  claim 1  wherein the stem cells of step (a) are also cultured in the presence of an effective amount of a fibroblast growth factor to induce differentiation in the direction of mesendoderm.  
     
     
         7 . The method of  claim 1  wherein the amount of fibroblast growth factor ranges from about 10 ng/ml to about 200 ng/ml.  
     
     
         8 . The method of  claim 7  wherein the fibroblast growth factor is bFGF.  
     
     
         9 . The method of  claim 8  wherein the effective amount of bFGF is about 100 ng/ml.  
     
     
         10 . The method of  claim 1  further comprising the step of 
 (d) selecting the cells of step (c) that positively express the epithelial cell adhesion marker (EpCAM) to retain cells of the pancreatic lineage that exhibit a reduction in tumorigenicity.    
     
     
         11 . The method of  claim 10  wherein the selecting is performed by magnetic activated cell sorting.  
     
     
         12 . The method of  claim 1  wherein the mesendoderm cells express Oct4 and Brachyury (T).  
     
     
         13 . The method of  claim 1  wherein the EBs include definitive endoderm cells with duct-like structures containing Foxa2+, Sox17+ and PDX1+ cells.  
     
     
         14 . The method of  claim 1  wherein the terminally differentiated cells simultaneously express insulin, C-peptide and PDX1.  
     
     
         15 . A method of sequentially enriching a culture derived from human pluripotent stem cells for cells of endoderm and pancreatic lineages, the method comprising the steps of 
 (a) culturing the stem cells under conditions that induce differentiation in the direction of mesendoderm, wherein the conditions include the presence of an effective amount of a bone morphogenetic protein and fibroblast growth factor;    (b) culturing the cells from step (a) under conditions favoring the formation of intact embryoid bodies (EBs), wherein the EBs are surrounded by a layer of visceral yolk sac; and    (c) culturing the cells from the EBs of step (b) under conditions favoring terminal differentiation of the cells to the pancreatic lineage.    
     
     
         16 . The method of  claim 15  wherein the culture conditions in step (c) include culturing the EB cells in a serum-free medium containing insulin, transferrin, selenium, FGF7, nicotinamide, and exendin-4.  
     
     
         17 . The method of  claim 15  further comprising the step of 
 (d) selecting the cells of step (c) that positively express the epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) to retain cells of the pancreatic lineage that exhibit a reduction in tumorigenicity.    
     
     
         18 . The method of  claim 17  wherein the selecting is performed by magnetic activated cell sorting.  
     
     
         19 . The method of  claim 15  wherein an effective amount of a bone morphogenetic protein ranges from about 10 ng/ml to about 100 ng/ml and an effective amount of a fibroblast growth factor ranges from about 20 ng/ml to about 200 ng/ml.  
     
     
         20 . A method of culturing human pluripotent stem cells to prepare a cell population of the pancreatic lineage, which does not have tumorigenic capability, the method comprising the steps of: 
 (a) culturing the stem cells under conditions that induce differentiation in the direction of mesendoderm, wherein the conditions include the presence of an effective amount of a bone morphogenetic protein;    (b) culturing the cells from step (a) under conditions favoring the formation of intact embryoid bodies (EBs), wherein the EBs are surrounded by a layer of visceral yolk sac;    (c) culturing the cells from the EBs of step (b) under conditions favoring terminal differentiation of the cells to the pancreatic lineage; and    (d) selecting for expression of a cell surface marker indicative of a commitment to a particular differentiated lineage, wherein the marker is EpCAM, the resulting cell culture not forming teratomas when injected in immunocompromised mice.    
     
     
         21 . An isolated cell population of  claim 20 , step (a), the mesendoderm cells characterized by the expression of Oct4 and Brachyury (T).  
     
     
         22 . An isolated cell population of  claim 20 , step (b), the EBs include definitive endoderm cells with duct-like structures containing Foxa2+, Sox17+ and PDX1+ cells.  
     
     
         23 . An isolated cell population of  claim 20 , step (c), the terminally differentiated cells simultaneously express insulin, C-peptide and PDX1.  
     
     
         24 . An isolated cell population of  claim 20 , step (d), the differentiated cells expressing EpCAM and not forming teratomas when injected in immunocompromised mice.  
     
     
         25 . An isolated cell population derived from human pluripotent stem cells comprising terminally differentiated cells of the pancreatic lineage, wherein the cells simultaneously express one or more of insulin, C-peptide and PDX1.  
     
     
         26 . The isolated population of  claim 25  wherein at least 50% of the cells express one or more of insulin, C-peptide and PDX1.  
     
     
         27 . An isolated cell population derived from human pluripotent stem cells comprising terminally differentiated cells of the pancreatic lineage, wherein the cells simultaneously express one or more of insulin, C-peptide, PDX1 and EpCAM, and wherein the cells do not form teratomas when injected in immunocompromised mice.  
     
     
         28 . The isolated population of  claim 27  wherein at least 70% of the cells express one or more of insulin, C-peptide, PDX1 and EpCAM.