Gasification reactor and its use

Abstract

A gasification reactor comprising a pressure shell for maintaining a pressure higher than atmospheric pressure; a slag bath located in a lower part of the pressure shell; and a gasifier wall arranged inside the pressure shell, and its use. The gasifier wall defines a gasification chamber wherein during operation a synthesis gas can be formed, a lower open part of the gasifier wall which is in fluid communication with the slag bath and an open upper end of the gasifier wall which is in fluid communication with a quench zone. The quench zone comprises a tubular formed part positioned within the pressure shell, open at its lower and upper end and having a smaller diameter than the pressure shell thereby defining an annular space around the tubular part. The lower open end of the tubular formed part is fluidly connected to the upper end of the gasifier wall and the upper open end of the tubular formed part is in fluid communication with the annular space. At the lower end of the tubular part injecting means are present for injecting a liquid or gaseous cooling medium and wherein in the annular space injecting means are present to inject a liquid in the form of a mist and wherein an outlet for synthesis gas is present in the wall of the pressure shell fluidly connected to said annular space.

1 . A gasification reactor comprising: 
 a pressure shell for maintaining a pressure higher than atmospheric pressure;    a slag bath located in a lower part of the pressure shell;    a gasifier wall arranged inside the pressure shell defining a gasification chamber wherein during operation the synthesis gas can be formed, a lower open part of the gasifier wall which is in fluid communication with the slag bath and an open upper end of the gasifier wall which is in fluid communication with a quench zone;    a quench zone comprising a tubular formed part positioned within the pressure shell, open at its lower and upper end and having a smaller diameter than the pressure shell thereby defining an annular space around the tubular part, wherein the lower open end of the tubular formed part is fluidly connected to the upper end of the gasifier wall and the upper open end of the tubular formed part is in fluid communication with the annular space;    wherein at the lower end of the tubular part injecting means are present for injecting a liquid or gaseous cooling medium and wherein in the annular space injecting means are present to inject a liquid in the form of a mist and wherein an outlet for synthesis gas is present in the wall of the pressure shell fluidly connected to said annular space.    
     
     
         2 . The gasification reactor according to  claim 1 , wherein at the lower end of the tubular part injecting means are present for injecting a liquid cooling medium in the form of a mist.  
     
     
         3 . The gasification reactor according to  claim 1 , wherein in the annular space downwardly directed injecting means are present to inject a liquid in the form of a mist and wherein the outlet for synthesis gas is present in the wall of the pressure shell fluidly connected to the lower end of the annular space.  
     
     
         4 . The gasification reactor according to  claim 1 , wherein the gasification chamber is provided with one or more pairs of partial oxidation burners, wherein said burners are provided with supply means for a solid carbonaceous feed and supply means for oxygen.  
     
     
         5 . A system for preparing a purified mixture comprising carbon monoxide and hydrogen, comprising: 
 a gasification reactor;    a dry solids removal unit; and    a wet gas scrubber;    wherein the gasification reactor comprises:    a pressure shell for maintaining a pressure higher than atmospheric pressure;    a slag bath located in a lower part of the pressure shell;    a gasifier wall arranged inside the pressure shell defining a gasification chamber wherein during operation the synthesis gas can be formed, a lower open part of the gasifier wall which is in fluid communication with the slag bath and an open upper end of the gasifier wall which is in fluid communication with a quench zone;    a quench zone comprising a tubular formed part positioned within the pressure shell, open at its lower and upper end and having a smaller diameter than the pressure shell thereby defining an annular space around the tubular part, wherein the lower open end of the tubular formed part is fluidly connected to the upper end of the gasifier wall and the upper open end of the tubular formed part is in fluid communication with the annular space;    wherein at the lower end of the tubular part injecting means are present for injecting a liquid or gaseous cooling medium and wherein in the annular space injecting means are present to inject a liquid in the form of a mist and wherein an outlet for synthesis gas is present in the wall of the pressure shell fluidly connected to said annular space;    in which system the outlet for synthesis gas is fluidly connected to an inlet of the dry solids removal unit and wherein an inlet of the wet gas scrubber is fluidly connected to the gas outlet of the dry solids removal unit and wherein the wet gas scrubber is provided with an outlet for a purified mixture comprising carbon monoxide and hydrogen.    
     
     
         6 . The system according to  claim 5 , wherein the outlet for the purified mixture comprising carbon monoxide and hydrogen of the wet gas scrubber is fluidly connected to an inlet of a shift converter, said shift converter also provided with an outlet for shifted gas.  
     
     
         7 . The system according to  claim 6 , wherein a heat exchanger is present in which gas from the wet gas scrubber is increased in temperature against shifted gas as obtained in the shift converter.  
     
     
         8 . A system for preparing a purified mixture comprising carbon monoxide and hydrogen, comprising: 
 a gasification reactor; and    a wet gas scrubber;    wherein the gasification reactor comprises:    a pressure shell for maintaining a pressure higher than atmospheric pressure;    a slag bath located in a lower part of the pressure shell;    a gasifier wall arranged inside the pressure shell defining a gasification chamber wherein during operation the synthesis gas can be formed, a lower open part of the gasifier wall which is in fluid communication with the slag bath and an open upper end of the gasifier wall which is in fluid communication with a quench zone;    a quench zone comprising a tubular formed part positioned within the pressure shell, open at its lower and upper end and having a smaller diameter than the pressure shell thereby defining an annular space around the tubular part, wherein the lower open end of the tubular formed part is fluidly connected to the upper end of the gasifier wall and the upper open end of the tubular formed part is in fluid communication with the annular space;    wherein at the lower end of the tubular part injecting means are present for injecting a liquid or gaseous cooling medium and wherein in the annular space injecting means are present to inject a liquid in the form of a mist and wherein an outlet for synthesis gas is present in the wall of the pressure shell fluidly connected to said annular space;    in which system the outlet for synthesis gas is fluidly connected to an inlet of the wet gas scrubber and wherein the wet gas scrubber is provided with an outlet for a purified mixture comprising carbon monoxide and hydrogen.    
     
     
         9 . The system according to  claim 8 , wherein the outlet for the purified mixture comprising carbon monoxide and hydrogen of the wet gas scrubber is fluidly connected to an inlet of a shift converter, said shift converter also provided with an outlet for shifted gas.  
     
     
         10 . The system according to  claim 9 , wherein a heat exchanger is present in which gas from the wet gas scrubber is increased in temperature against shifted gas as obtained in the shift converter.  
     
     
         11 . A process of preparing a mixture comprising carbon monoxide and hydrogen by partial oxidation of a solid carbonaceous feed in a gasification reactor, comprising 
 providing a gasification reactor comprising: 
 a pressure shell for maintaining a pressure higher than atmospheric pressure;  
 a slag bath located in a lower part of the pressure shell;  
 a gasifier wall arranged inside the pressure shell defining a gasification chamber wherein during operation the synthesis gas can be formed, a lower open part of the gasifier wall which is in fluid communication with the slag bath and an open upper end of the gasifier wall which is in fluid communication with a quench zone;  
 a quench zone comprising a tubular formed part positioned within the pressure shell, open at its lower and upper end and having a smaller diameter than the pressure shell thereby defining an annular space around the tubular part, wherein the lower open end of the tubular formed part is fluidly connected to the upper end of the gasifier wall and the upper open end of the tubular formed part is in fluid communication with the annular space;  
 wherein at the lower end of the tubular part injecting means are present for injecting a liquid or gaseous cooling medium and wherein in the annular space injecting means are present to inject a liquid in the form of a mist and wherein an outlet for synthesis gas is present in the wall of the pressure shell fluidly connected to said annular space;  
   partially oxidizing the solid carbonaceous feed in the gasification chamber with an oxygen comprising gas to form an upwardly moving gas mixture having a temperature of between 1200 and 1800° C. and a pressure of between 20 and 100 bar; and    cooling said gas mixture in the tubular part to a temperature of between 500 and 900° C. and subsequently further cooling the gas in the annular part to below 500° C. by injecting a mist of water droplets into the gas flow.    
     
     
         12 . The process according to  claim 11 , wherein said cooling in the tubular part is performed by injecting a mist of water droplets into the gas flow.  
     
     
         13 . The process according to  claim 12 , wherein the injected water mist has a temperature of above 150° C.  
     
     
         14 . The process according to  claim 13 , wherein the injected water mist has a temperature of at most 50° C. below the bubble point of water at the pressure of the upwardly moving gas mixture.  
     
     
         15 . The process according to  claim 11 , wherein the mist comprises droplets having a diameter of from 50 to 200 μm.  
     
     
         16 . The process according to  claim 11 , wherein the mist is injected at a velocity of between 30-100 m/s.  
     
     
         17 . The process according to  claim 16 , wherein the mist is injected at a velocity of between 40-60 m/s.  
     
     
         18 . The process according to  claim 11 , wherein the mist is injected using an atomising gas with an injection pressure between 5 and 20 bar above the pressure of the raw synthesis gas.  
     
     
         19 . The process according to  claim 12 , wherein the mist is injected under an angle of between 30-60° with respect to a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the tubular part.  
     
     
         20 . The process according to  claim 12 , wherein the injected mist is at least partially surrounded by a shielding fluid.  
     
     
         21 . The process according to  claim 20 , wherein the shielding fluid is selected from the group consisting of an inert gas such as N 2  and CO 2 , synthesis gas, steam and combinations thereof.  
     
     
         22 . A process of preparing a mixture comprising carbon monoxide and hydrogen by partial oxidation of a solid carbonaceous feed in a gasification reactor, comprising 
 providing a system comprising: 
 a gasification reactor;  
 a dry solids removal unit; and  
 a wet gas scrubber;  
 wherein the gasification reactor comprises:  
   a pressure shell for maintaining a pressure higher than atmospheric pressure;    a slag bath located in a lower part of the pressure shell;    a gasifier wall arranged inside the pressure shell defining a gasification chamber wherein during operation a synthesis gas can be formed, a lower open part of the gasifier wall which is in fluid communication with the slag bath and an open upper end of the gasifier wall which is in fluid communication with a quench zone;    a quench zone comprising a tubular formed part positioned within the pressure shell, open at its lower and upper end and having a smaller diameter than the pressure shell thereby defining an annular space around the tubular part, wherein the lower open end of the tubular formed part is fluidly connected to the upper end of the gasifier wall and the upper open end of the tubular formed part is in fluid communication with the annular space;    wherein at the lower end of the tubular part injecting means are present for injecting a liquid or gaseous cooling medium and wherein in the annular space injecting means are present to inject a liquid in the form of a mist and wherein an outlet for synthesis gas is present in the wall of the pressure shell fluidly connected to said annular space;    in which system the outlet for synthesis gas is fluidly connected to an inlet of the dry solids removal unit and wherein an inlet of the wet gas scrubber is fluidly connected to the gas outlet of the dry solids removal unit and wherein the wet gas scrubber is provided with an outlet for a purified mixture comprising carbon monoxide and hydrogen;    partially oxidizing the solid carbonaceous feed in the gasification chamber with an oxygen comprising gas to form an upwardly moving gas mixture having a temperature of between 1200 and 1800° C. and a pressure of between 20 and 100 bar; and    cooling said gas mixture in the tubular part to a temperature of between 500 and 900° C. and subsequently further cooling the gas in the annular part to below 500° C. by injecting a mist of water droplets into the gas flow.    
     
     
         23 . A process of preparing a mixture comprising carbon monoxide and hydrogen by partial oxidation of a solid carbonaceous feed in a gasification reactor, comprising 
 providing a system comprising: 
 a gasification reactor; and  
 a wet gas scrubber;  
 wherein the gasification reactor comprises:  
   a pressure shell for maintaining a pressure higher than atmospheric pressure;    a slag bath located in a lower part of the pressure shell;    a gasifier wall arranged inside the pressure shell defining a gasification chamber wherein during operation a synthesis gas can be formed, a lower open part of the gasifier wall which is in fluid communication with the slag bath and an open upper end of the gasifier wall which is in fluid communication with a quench zone;    a quench zone comprising a tubular formed part positioned within the pressure shell, open at its lower and upper end and having a smaller diameter than the pressure shell thereby defining an annular space around the tubular part, wherein the lower open end of the tubular formed part is fluidly connected to the upper end of the gasifier wall and the upper open end of the tubular formed part is in fluid communication with the annular space;    wherein at the lower end of the tubular part injecting means are present for injecting a liquid or gaseous cooling medium and wherein in the annular space injecting means are present to inject a liquid in the form of a mist and wherein an outlet for synthesis gas is present in the wall of the pressure shell fluidly connected to said annular space;    in which system the outlet for synthesis gas is fluidly connected to an inlet of the wet gas scrubber and wherein the wet gas scrubber is provided with an outlet for a purified mixture comprising carbon monoxide and hydrogen;    partially oxidizing the solid carbonaceous feed in the gasification chamber with an oxygen comprising gas to form an upwardly moving gas mixture having a temperature of between 1200 and 1800° C. and a pressure of between 20 and 100 bar; and    cooling said gas mixture in the tubular part to a temperature of between 500 and 900° C. and subsequently further cooling the gas in the annular part to below 500° C. by injecting a mist of water droplets into the gas flow.