Oxygen to expand burner combustion capability

Abstract

A burner at which fuel cannot be combusted with air as the only source of oxygen for combustion in a stable flame at the burner when the feed rate of the fuel is too low, when the fuel is fed at too high an air-to-fuel mass ratio, when the fuel contains too high an amount of inert matter, or when the specific energy content of the fuel is too low, is modified by supplying oxidant containing more than 21 vol. % oxygen into the base of a flame at the burner, whereupon such fuels can be combusted at the burner.

1 . A method of modifying operation of a burner, comprising
 (A) providing a burner through which a stream of air mixed with particulate solid carbonaceous fuel, and one or more streams of air other than the air mixed with said fuel, can be fed and combusted in a stable flame at said burner, but wherein maintaining said stable flame at said burner when air provided in said streams is the only source of oxygen for said combustion requires that the fuel satisfy one or more conditions in that one or more of (1) the mass flow rate of the fuel through said burner, (2) the fuel-to-air ratio of the stream of air mixed with fuel that is fed through the burner, (3) the content of combustible matter in the fuel, and (4) the specific energy value of the fuel, must be at least sufficient for said stable flame to be maintained at said burner,   (B) inserting through said burner a lance the outlet end of which is positioned to eject gas into the base of a flame at said burner,   (C) feeding through said burner a stream of air mixed with particulate solid fuel which does not satisfy at least one of said conditions and therefore cannot be combusted in a stable flame at said burner in air as the only source of oxygen for combustion, and feeding through said burner said one or more streams of air other than the air mixed with said fuel,   (D) feeding gaseous oxidant comprising more than 21 vol. % oxygen through the outlet end of said lance, and   (E) combusting said fuel and air fed in step (C) with said oxidant fed in step (D) in a stable flame at said burner, wherein said oxidant is fed into the base of said flame at a mass flow rate that maintains said stable flame.   
     
     
         2 . A method according to  claim 1  wherein the gaseous oxidant fed in step (D) comprises at least 90 vol. % oxygen. 
     
     
         3 . A method according to  claim 1  wherein the mass flow rate of the fuel fed through said burner in step (C) is not sufficient for said fuel to be combusted in a stable flame at said burner in air as the only source of oxygen for said combustion of said fuel. 
     
     
         4 . A method according to  claim 3  wherein the gaseous oxidant fed in step (D) comprises at least 90 vol. % oxygen. 
     
     
         5 . A method according to  claim 1  where the air-to-fuel mass ratio of the stream of air mixed with fuel that is fed through said burner is too high for said fuel to be combusted in a stable flame at said burner in air as the only source of oxygen for said combustion of said fuel. 
     
     
         6 . A method according to  claim 5  wherein the gaseous oxidant fed in step (D) comprises at least 90 vol. % oxygen. 
     
     
         7 . A method according to  claim 1  wherein the specific energy value of the fuel fed in step (C) is not sufficient for said fuel to be combusted in a stable flame at said burner in air as the only source of oxygen for said combustion of said fuel. 
     
     
         8 . A method according to  claim 7  wherein the gaseous oxidant fed in step (D) comprises at least 90 vol. % oxygen. 
     
     
         9 . A method of modifying operation of a burner, comprising
 (A) providing a burner through which a stream of air mixed with particulate solid carbonaceous fuel, and one or more streams of air other than the air mixed with said fuel, can be fed and combusted in a stable flame at said burner,   (B) determining the minimum mass flow rate of particulate solid carbonaceous fuel through said burner below which combustion of said fuel with air as the only source of oxygen for said combustion cannot be maintained in a stable flame at said burner,   (C) inserting through said burner a lance the outlet end of which is positioned to eject gas into the base of a flame at said burner and the inlet end of which is connected to a source of gaseous oxidant comprising more than 21 vol. % oxygen,   (D) feeding through said burner a stream of air mixed with said particulate solid fuel at a mass flow rate of said fuel below said minimum, and feeding through said burner said one or more streams of air other than the air mixed with said fuel,   (E) feeding gaseous oxidant comprising more than 21 vol. % oxygen through the outlet end of said lance, and   (F) combusting said fuel and air fed in step (D) with said oxidant fed in step (E) in a stable flame at said burner, wherein said oxidant is fed into the base of said flame at a mass flow rate that maintains said stable flame.   
     
     
         10 . A method according to  claim 9  wherein the gaseous oxidant fed in step (D) comprises at least 90 vol. % oxygen. 
     
     
         11 . A method of modifying operation of a burner, comprising
 (A) providing a burner through which a stream of air mixed with particulate solid carbonaceous fuel, and one or more streams of air other than the air mixed with said fuel, can be fed and combusted in a stable flame at said burner,   (B) determining the maximum air-to-fuel mass ratio of the stream of air mixed with fuel that is fed through said burner above which combustion of said fuel with air as the only source of oxygen for said combustion cannot be maintained in a stable flame at said burner,   (C) inserting through said burner a lance the outlet end of which is positioned to eject gas into the base of a flame at said burner and the inlet end of which is connected to a source of gaseous oxidant comprising more than 21 vol. % oxygen,   (D) feeding through said burner a stream of air mixed with said particulate solid fuel at an air-to-fuel ratio above said maximum, and feeding through said burner said one or more streams of air other than the air mixed with said fuel,   (E) feeding gaseous oxidant comprising more than 21 vol. % oxygen through the outlet end of said lance, and   (F) combusting said fuel and air fed in step (D) with said oxidant fed in step (E) in a stable flame at said burner, wherein said oxidant is fed into the base of said flame at a mass flow rate that maintains said stable flame.   
     
     
         12 . A method according to  claim 11  wherein the gaseous oxidant fed in step (D) comprises at least 90 vol. % oxygen. 
     
     
         13 . A method of modifying operation of a burner, comprising
 (A) providing a burner through which a stream of air mixed with particulate solid carbonaceous fuel, and one or more streams of air other than the air mixed with said fuel, can be fed and combusted in a stable flame at said burner,   (B) determining the maximum content of noncombustible matter of particulate solid carbonaceous fuel above which combustion of said fuel with air as the only source of oxygen for said combustion cannot be maintained in a stable flame at said burner,   (C) inserting through said burner a lance the outlet end of which is positioned to eject gas into the base of a flame at said burner and the inlet end of which is connected to a source of gaseous oxidant comprising more than 21 vol. % oxygen,   (D) feeding through said burner a stream of air mixed with said particulate solid fuel having a content of noncombustible matter above said maximum, and feeding through said burner said one or more streams of air other than the air mixed with said fuel,   (E) feeding gaseous oxidant comprising more than 21 vol. % oxygen through the outlet end of said lance, and   (F) combusting said fuel and air fed in step (D) with said oxidant fed in step (E) in a stable flame at said burner, wherein said oxidant is fed into the base of said flame at a mass flow rate that maintains said stable flame.   
     
     
         14 . A method according to  claim 13  wherein the gaseous oxidant fed in step (D) comprises at least 90 vol. % oxygen. 
     
     
         15 . A method of modifying operation of a burner, comprising
 (A) providing a burner through which a stream of air mixed with particulate solid carbonaceous fuel, and one or more streams of air other than the air mixed with said fuel, can be fed and combusted in a stable flame at said burner,   (B) determining the minimum specific energy content of particulate solid carbonaceous fuel below which combustion of said fuel with air as the only source of oxygen for said combustion cannot be maintained in a stable flame at said burner,   (C) inserting through said burner a lance the outlet end of which is positioned to eject gas into the base of a flame at said burner and the inlet end of which is connected to a source of gaseous oxidant comprising more than 21 vol. % oxygen,   (D) feeding through said burner a stream of air mixed with said particulate solid fuel having a specific energy content below said minimum, and feeding through said burner said one or more streams of air other than the air mixed with said fuel,   (E) feeding gaseous oxidant comprising more than 21 vol. % oxygen through the outlet end of said lance, and   (F) combusting said fuel and air fed in step (D) with said oxidant fed in step (E) in a stable flame at said burner, wherein said oxidant is fed into the base of said flame at a mass flow rate that maintains said stable flame.   
     
     
         16 . A method according to  claim 15  wherein the gaseous oxidant fed in step (D) comprises at least 90 vol. % oxygen. 
     
     
         17 . A method of operating a burner, comprising
 (A) providing a burner through which a stream of air mixed with particulate solid carbonaceous fuel, and one or more streams of air other than the air mixed with said fuel, can be fed and combusted in a stable flame at said burner, but wherein maintaining said stable flame at said burner when air provided in said streams is the only source of oxygen for said combustion requires that the fuel satisfy one or more conditions in that one or more of (1) the mass flow rate of the fuel through said burner, (2) the fuel-to-air ratio of the stream of air mixed with fuel that is fed through the burner, (3) the content of combustible matter in the fuel, and (4) the specific energy value of the fuel, must be at least sufficient for said stable flame to be maintained at said burner,   (B) feeding through said burner a stream of air mixed with particulate solid fuel which does not satisfy at least one of said conditions and therefore cannot be combusted in a stable flame at said burner in air as the only source of oxygen for combustion, and feeding through said burner said one or more streams of air other than the air mixed with said fuel, and   (C) combusting said fuel and air fed in step (B) in a stable flame at said burner while also feeding gaseous oxidant comprising more than 21 vol. % oxygen into the base of said flame at said burner, wherein said oxidant combusts with said fuel and air, wherein said oxidant is fed into the base of said flame at a mass flow rate that maintains said stable flame.   
     
     
         18 . A method according to  claim 17  wherein the gaseous oxidant fed in step (C) comprises at least 90 vol. % oxygen. 
     
     
         19 . A method of operating a burner, comprising
 (A) providing a burner through which a stream of air mixed with particulate solid carbonaceous fuel, and one or more streams of air other than the air mixed with said fuel, can be fed and combusted in a stable flame at said burner,   (B) feeding through said burner a stream of air mixed with said particulate solid fuel at a mass flow rate of said fuel below the minimum mass flow rate of particulate solid carbonaceous fuel through said burner below which combustion of said fuel with air as the only source of oxygen for said combustion cannot be maintained in a stable flame at said burner, and feeding through said burner said one or more streams of air other than the air mixed with said fuel,   (C) combusting said fuel and air fed in step (B) in a stable flame at said burner while feeding gaseous oxidant comprising more than 21 vol. % oxygen into the base of said flame at said burner, wherein said oxidant combusts with said fuel and air, wherein said oxidant is fed into the base of said flame at a mass flow rate that maintains said stable flame.   
     
     
         20 . A method according to  claim 19  wherein the gaseous oxidant fed in step (C) comprises at least 90 vol. % oxygen. 
     
     
         21 . A method of operating a burner, comprising
 (A) providing a burner through which a stream of air mixed with particulate solid carbonaceous fuel, and one or more streams of air other than the air mixed with said fuel, can be fed and combusted in a stable flame at said burner,   (B) feeding through said burner a stream of air mixed with said particulate solid fuel at an air-to-fuel ratio above the maximum air-to-fuel mass ratio of the stream of air mixed with fuel that is fed through said burner above which combustion of said fuel with air as the only source of oxygen for said combustion cannot be maintained in a stable flame at said burner, and feeding through said burner said one or more streams of air other than the air mixed with said fuel, and   (C) combusting said fuel and air fed in step (B) in a stable flame at said burner while feeding gaseous oxidant comprising more than 21 vol. % oxygen into the base of said flame at said burner, wherein said oxidant combusts with said fuel and air, wherein said oxidant is fed into the base of said flame at a mass flow rate that maintains said stable flame.   
     
     
         22 . A method according to  claim 21  wherein the gaseous oxidant fed in step (C) comprises at least 90 vol. % oxygen. 
     
     
         23 . A method of operating a burner, comprising
 (A) providing a burner through which a stream of air mixed with particulate solid carbonaceous fuel, and one or more streams of air other than the air mixed with said fuel, can be fed and combusted in a stable flame at said burner,   (B) feeding through said burner a stream of air mixed with said particulate solid fuel having a content of noncombustible matter above the maximum content of noncombustible matter of particulate solid carbonaceous fuel above which combustion of said fuel with air as the only source of oxygen for said combustion cannot be maintained in a stable flame at said burner, and feeding through said burner said one or more streams of air other than the air mixed with said fuel,   (C) combusting said fuel and air fed in step (B) in a stable flame at said burner while feeding gaseous oxidant comprising more than 21 vol. % oxygen into the base of said flame at said burner, wherein said oxidant combusts with said fuel and air, wherein said oxidant is fed into the base of said flame at a mass flow rate that maintains said stable flame.   
     
     
         24 . A method according to  claim 23  wherein the gaseous oxidant fed in step (C) comprises at least 90 vol. % oxygen. 
     
     
         25 . A method of operating a burner, comprising
 (A) providing a burner through which a stream of air mixed with particulate solid carbonaceous fuel, and one or more streams of air other than the air mixed with said fuel, can be fed and combusted in a stable flame at said burner,   (B) feeding through said burner a stream of air mixed with said particulate solid fuel having a specific energy content below the minimum specific energy content of particulate solid carbonaceous fuel below which combustion of said fuel with air as the only source of oxygen for said combustion cannot be maintained in a stable flame at said burner, and feeding through said burner said one or more streams of air other than the air mixed with said fuel,   (C) combusting said fuel and air fed in step (B) in a stable flame at said burner while feeding gaseous oxidant comprising more than 21 vol. % oxygen into the base of said flame at said burner, wherein said oxidant combusts with said fuel and air, wherein said oxidant is fed into the base of said flame at a mass flow rate that maintains said stable flame.   
     
     
         26 . A method according to  claim 25  wherein the gaseous oxidant fed in step (C) comprises at least 90 vol. % oxygen.