Benzimidazolidinone derivatives as muscarinic agents

Abstract

Benzimidazolidinone derivative compounds, which increase acetylcholine signaling or effect in the brain, and highly selective muscarinic agonists, particularly for the M 1 and/or M 4 receptor subtypes, pharmaceutical compositions comprising the same, as well as methods of treating psychosis using these compounds are disclosed.

1 . A method of treating mental disease or disorder in a mammal comprising identifying a mammal in need thereof and administering at least one compound of Formula I to said mammal:  
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof, wherein:  
       X is selected from the group consisting of CH, O, N and S;  
       Z is selected from the group consisting of CH and N;  
       Y is selected from the group consisting of ═O, ═NH and ═S or tautomers thereof;  
       -SPU- is a biradical selected from the group consisting of —(CR 6 R 7 ) n -A- and —C 3-8 -cycloalkyl-, wherein n is 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5;  
       A is absent or an optionally substituted —C 3-8 -cycloalkyl;  
       N together with R 1  and R 2  form a heterocyclic ring wherein said heterocyclic ring is 8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane,  
       wherein the heterocyclic ring is substituted with one or more substituents R 4  selected from the group consisting of halogen, C 1-8 -alkyl, C 3-8 -cycloalkyl, C 1-8 -alkoxy, C 1-8 -alkylcarbonyl, C 1-8 -alkylidene, C 2-8 -alkenyl, C 2-8 -alkynyl, C 1-6 -alkyloxyimino, and C 1-6 -alkyloxyamino each of which may be optionally substituted with a substituent R 5 ,  
       and wherein at least one of said substituents R 4  is R 4 ′ selected from the group consisting of C 1-8 -alkyl, C 3-8 -cycloalkyl, C 1-8 -alkoxy, C 1-8 -alkylcarbonyl, C 1-8 -alkylidene, each of which may be optionally substituted with a substituent R 5 ;  
       R 5  is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, C 1-8 -alkyl, C 1-8 -alkoxy, C 3-8 -cycloalkyl, C 3-8 -heterocyclyl, C 1-8 -alkylcarbonyl, C 1-8 -alkylidene, C 2-8 -alkenyl and C 2-8 -alkynyl;  
       R X  may be absent or selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, optionally substituted C 1-8 -alkyl, optionally substituted C 3-8 -cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C 2-8 -alkenyl, optionally substituted C 2-8 -alkynyl, CH 2 —N(R 5 )(R 5 ), CH 2 —OR 5 , CH 2 —SR 5 , and CH 2 —O—C(═O)R 5 ;  
       R 3  may be present 0-4 times and selected from the group consisting of halogen, hydroxy, optionally substituted C 1-8 -alkyl, C 1-8 -alkoxy, optionally substituted C 1-8 -alkylidene, optionally substituted C 2-8 -alkenyl, optionally substituted C 2-8 -alkynyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted C 3-8 -cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C 3-8 -heterocyclyl, and optionally substituted C 1-8 -alkylcarbonyl; and  
       each R 6  and each R 7  is optionally and independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, optionally substituted C 1-8 -alkyl, C 1-8 -alkoxy, optionally substituted C 1-8 -alkylidene, optionally substituted C 2-8 -alkenyl, optionally substituted C 2-8 -alkynyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted C 3-8 -cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C 3-8 -heterocyclyl, and optionally substituted C 1-8 -alkylcarbonyl.  
     
   
   
       2 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the mental disorder is selected from the group consisting of cognitive impairment, forgetfulness, confusion, memory loss, attentional deficits, deficits in visual perception, depression, sleep disorders, and psychosis.  
   
   
       3 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the mental disorder is selected from the group consisting of neurodegenerative diseases, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, Huntington's chorea, Friederich's ataxia, Gilles de la Tourette's Syndrome, Down Syndrome, Pick disease, dementia, clinical depression, age-related cognitive decline, attention-deficit disorder, and sudden infant death syndrome.  
   
   
       4 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein Z is N.  
   
   
       5 . The method of  claim 4 , wherein X is selected from the group consisting of N, S, and O.  
   
   
       6 . The method of  claim 5 , wherein —Y is ═O.  
   
   
       7 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein R4′ is selected from the group consisting of C 1-8 -alkyl, C 1-8 -alkoxy, C 3-8 -cycloalkyl, C 1-8 -alkylidene, each of which may be optionally substituted with a substituent R 5 .  
   
   
       8 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein R 4  is selected from the group consisting of C 3-8 -alkyl, C 3-8 -alkoxy, and C 3-8 -alkylidene, each of which may be optionally substituted with a substituent R 5  wherein R 5  is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy and C 1-8 -alkyl.  
   
   
       9 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein R 4  is selected from the group consisting of an optionally substituted butyl, an optionally substituted pentyl, an optionally substituted propyloxy, and 3-(C 1-8 -alkyl)-butylidene.  
   
   
       10 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the compound of Formula I is selected from the group consisting of: 
 1-(3-[4-Butylpiperidino]propyl)-1,3-dihydrobenzimidazol-2-one,    1-(3-[4-Butylidenepiperidino]propyl)-1,3-dihydrobenzimidazol-2-one,    1-[3-(4-Pentylpiperidin-1-yl)propyl]-1,3-dihydrobenzoimidazol-2-one,    1-(3-[4-Pentylidenepiperidino]propyl)-1,3-dihydrobenzimidazole-2-one,    1-{3-[4-(3-Methylbutylidene)piperidin-1-yl]propyl}-1,3-dihydrobenzoimidazol-2-one, and    1-[3-(4-Butylpiperidin-1-yl)propyl]-3-methyl-1,3-dihydrobenzoimidazol-2-one.    
   
   
       11 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the compound of Formula I is selected from the group consisting of: 
 3-[3-(4-Butylpiperidin-1-yl)propyl]-3H-benzothiazol-2-one,    3-{3-[4-(Prop-2-ene-1-oxy)-piperidin-1-yl]-propyl}-3H-benzothiazol-2-one,    3-[3-(4-Propoxy-piperidin-1-yl)-propyl]-3H-benzothiazol-2-one,    3-[3-(3-Butylidene-8-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-8-yl)-propyl]-3H-benzothiazol-2-one,    3-(3-(4-Butyl-piperidin-1-yl)-2-methyl-propyl)-3H-benzothiazol-2-one,    3-(3-(4-Propoxy-piperidin-1-yl)-2-methyl-propyl)-3H-benzothiazol-2-one,    3-(3-(4-Butylpiperidin-1-yl)-(R)-2-methylpropyl)-3H-benzothiazol-2-one,    3-[3-(4-butylpiperidin-1-yl]propyl)-4-methyl-3H-benzooxazol-2-one,    3-[3-(4-butylpiperidin-1-yl)propyl)-5-methyl-3H-benzooxazol-2-one,    3-[3-(4-butylpiperidin-1-yl)propyl]-5-fluoro-3H-benzooxazol-2-one,    3-[3-(4-butylpiperidin-1-yl)propyl]-6-fluoro-3H-benzooxazol-2-one,    1-(3-(4-Butylpiperidin-1-yl)propyl)-1,3-dihydro-indol-2-one,    3-[3-(3-Butyl-8-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-8-yl)-propyl]-3H-benzothiazol-2-one, and    3-[3-(3-Pentyl-8-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-8-yl)-propyl]-3H-benzothiazol-2-one.    
   
   
       12 . A method of treating a disease or disorder associated with increased intraocular pressure in a mammal comprising identifying a mammal in need thereof and administering at least one compound of Formula I to said mammal:  
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof, wherein:  
       X is selected from the group consisting of C, O, N and S;  
       Z is selected from the group consisting of CH and N;  
       Y is selected from the group consisting of ═O, ═N and ═S or tautomers thereof;  
       -SPU- is a biradical selected from the group consisting of —(CR 6 R 7 ) n -A- and —C 3-8 -cycloalkyl-, wherein n is 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5;  
       A is absent or an optionally substituted —C 3-8 -cycloalkyl;  
       N together with R 1  and R 2  form a heterocyclic ring wherein said heterocyclic ring is 8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane,  
       wherein the heterocyclic ring is substituted with one or more substituents R 4  selected from the group consisting of halogen, C 1-8 -alkyl, C 3-8 -cycloalkyl, C 1-8 -alkoxy, C 1-8 -alkylcarbonyl, C 1-8 -alkylidene, C 2-8 -alkenyl, C 2-8 -alkynyl, C 1-6 -alkyloxyimino, and C 1-6 -alkyloxyamino each of which may be optionally substituted with a substituent R 5 ,  
       and wherein at least one of said substituents R 4  is R 4 ′ selected from the group consisting of C 1-8 -alkyl, C 3-8 -cycloalkyl, C 1-8 -alkoxy, C 1-8 -alkylcarbonyl, C 1-8 -alkylidene, each of which may be optionally substituted with a substituent R 5 ;  
       R 5  is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, C 1-8 -alkyl, C 1-8 -alkoxy, C 3-8 -cycloalkyl, C 3-8 -heterocyclyl, C 1-8 -alkylcarbonyl, C 1-8 -alkylidene, C 2-8 -alkenyl and C 2-8 -alkynyl;  
       R X  may be absent or selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, optionally substituted C 1-8 -alkyl, optionally substituted C 3-8 -cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C 2-8 -alkenyl, optionally substituted C 2-8 -alkynyl, CH 2 —N(R 5 )(R 5 ), CH 2 —OR 5 , CH 2 —SR 5 , and CH 2 —O—C(═O)R 5 ;  
       R 3  may be present 0-4 times and selected from the group consisting of halogen, hydroxy, optionally substituted C 1-8 -alkyl, C 1-8 -alkoxy, optionally substituted C 1-8 -alkylidene, optionally substituted C 2-8 -alkenyl, optionally substituted C 2-8 -alkynyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted C 3-8 -cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C 3-8 -heterocyclyl, and optionally substituted C 1-8 -alkylcarbonyl; and  
       each R 6  and each R 7  is optionally and independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, optionally substituted C 1-8 -alkyl, C 1-8 -alkoxy, optionally substituted C 1-8 -alkylidene, optionally substituted C 2-8 -alkenyl, optionally substituted C 2-8 -alkynyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted C 3-8 -cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C 3-8 -heterocyclyl, and optionally substituted C 1-8 -alkylcarbonyl.  
     
   
   
       13 . The method of  claim 12 , wherein the compound of Formula I is selected from the group consisting of: 
 1-(3-[4-Butylpiperidino]propyl)-1,3-dihydrobenzimidazol-2-one,    1-(3-[4-Butylidenepiperidino]propyl)-1,3-dihydrobenzimidazol-2-one,    1-[3-(4-Pentylpiperidin-1-yl)propyl]-1,3-dihydrobenzoimidazol-2-one,    1-(3-[4-Pentylidenepiperidino]propyl)-1,3-dihydrobenzimidazole-2-one,    1-{3-[4-(3-Methylbutylidene)piperidin-1-yl]propyl}-1,3-dihydrobenzoimidazol-2-one, and    1-[3-(4-Butylpiperidin-1-yl)propyl]-3-methyl-1,3-dihydrobenzoimidazol-2-one.    
   
   
       14 . The method of  claim 12 , wherein the compound of Formula I is selected from the group consisting of: 
 3-[3-(4-Butylpiperidin-1-yl)propyl]-3H-benzothiazol-2-one,    3-{3-[4-(Prop-2-ene-1-oxy)-piperidin-1-yl]-propyl}-3H-benzothiazol-2-one,    3-[3-(4-Propoxy-piperidin-1-yl)-propyl]-3H-benzothiazol-2-one,    3-[3-(3-Butylidene-8-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-8-yl)-propyl]-3H-benzothiazol-2-one,    3-(3-(4-Butyl-piperidin-1-yl)-2-methyl-propyl)-3H-benzothiazol-2-one,    3-(3-(4-Propoxy-piperidin-1-yl)-2-methyl-propyl)-3H-benzothiazol-2-one,    3-(3-(4-Butylpiperidin-1-yl)-(R)-2-methylpropyl)-3H-benzothiazol-2-one,    3-[3-(4-butylpiperidin-1-yl]propyl)-4-methyl-3H-benzooxazol-2-one,    3-[3-(4-butylpiperidin-1-yl)propyl)-5-methyl-3H-benzooxazol-2-one,    3-[3-(4-butylpiperidin-1-yl)propyl]-5-fluoro-3H-benzooxazol-2-one,    3-[3-(4-butylpiperidin-1-yl)propyl]-6-fluoro-3H-benzooxazol-2-one,    1-(3-(4-Butylpiperidin-1-yl)propyl)-1,3-dihydro-indol-2-one,    3-[3-(3-Butyl-8-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-8-yl)-propyl]-3H-benzothiazol-2-one, and    3-[3-(3-Pentyl-8-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-8-yl)-propyl]-3H-benzothiazol-2-one.    
   
   
       15 . A method of increasing an activity of a cholinergic receptor comprising contacting the cholinergic receptor or a system containing the cholinergic receptor with an effective amount of at least one compound of Formula I:  
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof, wherein:  
       X is selected from the group consisting of C, O, N and S;  
       Z is selected from the group consisting of CH and N;  
       Y is selected from the group consisting of ═O, ═N and ═S or tautomers thereof;  
       -SPU- is a biradical selected from the group consisting of —(CR 6 R 7 ) n -A- and —C 3-8 -cycloalkyl-, wherein n is 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5;  
       A is absent or an optionally substituted —C 3-8 -cycloalkyl;  
       N together with R 1  and R 2  form a heterocyclic ring wherein said heterocyclic ring is 8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane,  
       wherein the heterocyclic ring is substituted with one or more substituents R 4  selected from the group consisting of halogen, C 1-8 -alkyl, C 3-8 -cycloalkyl, C 1-8 -alkoxy, C 1-8 -alkylcarbonyl, C 1-8 -alkylidene, C 2-8 -alkenyl, C 2-8 -alkynyl, C 1-6 -alkyloxyimino, and C 1-6 -alkyloxyamino each of which may be optionally substituted with a substituent R 5 ,  
       and wherein at least one of said substituents R 4  is R 4 ′ selected from the group consisting of C 1-8 -alkyl, C 3-8 -cycloalkyl, C 1-8 -alkoxy, C 1-8 -alkylcarbonyl, C 1-8 -alkylidene, each of which may be optionally substituted with a substituent R 5 ;  
       R 5  is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, C 1-8 -alkyl, C 1-8 -alkoxy, C 3-8 -cycloalkyl, C 3-8 -heterocyclyl, C 1-8 -alkylcarbonyl, C 1-8 -alkylidene, C 2-8 -alkenyl and C 2-8 -alkynyl;  
       R X  may be absent or selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, optionally substituted C 1-8 -alkyl, optionally substituted C 3-8 -cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C 2-8 -alkenyl, optionally substituted C 2-8 -alkynyl, CH 2 —N(R 5 )(R 5 ), CH 2 —OR 5 , CH 2 —SR 5 , and CH 2 —O—C(═O)R 5 ;  
       R 3  may be present 0-4 times and selected from the group consisting of halogen, hydroxy, optionally substituted C 1-8 -alkyl, C 1-8 -alkoxy, optionally substituted C 1-8 -alkylidene, optionally substituted C 2-8 -alkenyl, optionally substituted C 2-8 -alkynyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted C 3-8 -cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C 3-8 -heterocyclyl, and optionally substituted C 1-8 -alkylcarbonyl; and  
       each R 6  and each R 7  is optionally and independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, optionally substituted C 1-8 -alkyl, C 1-8 -alkoxy, optionally substituted C 1-8 -alkylidene, optionally substituted C 2-8 -alkenyl, optionally substituted C 2-8 -alkynyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted C 3-8 -cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C 3-8 -heterocyclyl, and optionally substituted C 1-8 -alkylcarbonyl.  
     
   
   
       16 . The method of  claim 15 , wherein the compound of Formula I is selected from the group consisting of: 
 1-(3-[4-Butylpiperidino]propyl)-1,3-dihydrobenzimidazol-2-one,    1-(3-[4-Butylidenepiperidino]propyl)-1,3-dihydrobenzimidazol-2-one,    1-[3-(4-Pentylpiperidin-1-yl)propyl]-1,3-dihydrobenzoimidazol-2-one,    1-(3-[4-Pentylidenepiperidino]propyl)-1,3-dihydrobenzimidazole-2-one,    1-{3-[4-(3-Methylbutylidene)piperidin-1-yl]propyl}-1,3-dihydrobenzoimidazol-2-one, and    1-[3-(4-Butylpiperidin-1-yl)propyl]-3-methyl-1,3-dihydrobenzoimidazol-2-one.    
   
   
       17 . The method of  claim 15 , wherein the compound of Formula I is selected from the group consisting of: 
 3-[3-(4-Butylpiperidin-1-yl)propyl]-3H-benzothiazol-2-one,    3-{3-[4-(Prop-2-ene-1-oxy)-piperidin-1-yl]-propyl}-3H-benzothiazol-2-one,    3-[3-(4-Propoxy-piperidin-1-yl)-propyl]-3H-benzothiazol-2-one,    3-[3-(3-Butylidene-8-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-8-yl)-propyl]-3H-benzothiazol-2-one,    3-(3-(4-Butyl-piperidin-1-yl)-2-methyl-propyl)-3H-benzothiazol-2-one,    3-(3-(4-Propoxy-piperidin-1-yl)-2-methyl-propyl)-3H-benzothiazol-2-one,    3-(3-(4-Butylpiperidin-1-yl)-(R)-2-methylpropyl)-3H-benzothiazol-2-one,    3-[3-(4-butylpiperidin-1-yl]propyl)-4-methyl-3H-benzooxazol-2-one,    3-[3-(4-butylpiperidin-1-yl)propyl)-5-methyl-3H-benzooxazol-2-one,    3-[3-(4-butylpiperidin-1-yl)propyl]-5-fluoro-3H-benzooxazol-2-one,    3-[3-(4-butylpiperidin-1-yl)propyl]-6-fluoro-3H-benzooxazol-2-one,    1-(3-(4-Butylpiperidin-1-yl)propyl)-1,3-dihydro-indol-2-one,    3-[3-(3-Butyl-8-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-8-yl)-propyl]-3H-benzothiazol-2-one, and    3-[3-(3-Pentyl-8-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-8-yl)-propyl]-3H-benzothiazol-2-one.    
   
   
       18 . The method of  claim 15 , wherein the compound is a cholinergic agonist.  
   
   
       19 . The method of  claim 15 , wherein the compound is selective for one or both of a M 1  and M 4  muscarinic receptor subtypes.  
   
   
       20 . The method of  claim 15 , wherein the compound further acts as a D 2  antagonist or D 2  inverse agonist.  
   
   
       21 . A method of treating pain in a mammal, comprising administering an effective amount of a compound of Formula I to said mammal:  
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof, wherein:  
       X is selected from the group consisting of C, O, N and S;  
       Z is selected from the group consisting of CH and N;  
       Y is selected from the group consisting of ═O, ═N and ═S or tautomers thereof;  
       -SPU- is a biradical selected from the group consisting of —(CR 6 R 7 ) n -A- and —C 3-8 -cycloalkyl-, wherein n is 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5;  
       A is absent or an optionally substituted —C 3-8 -cycloalkyl;  
       N together with R 1  and R 2  form a heterocyclic ring wherein said heterocyclic ring is 8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane,  
       wherein the heterocyclic ring is substituted with one or more substituents R 4  selected from the group consisting of halogen, C 1-8 -alkyl, C 3-8 -cycloalkyl, C 1-8 -alkoxy, C 1-8 -alkylcarbonyl, C 1-8 -alkylidene, C 2-8 -alkenyl, C 2-8 -alkynyl, C 1-6 -alkyloxyimino, and C 1-6 -alkyloxyamino each of which may be optionally substituted with a substituent R 5 ,  
       and wherein at least one of said substituents R 4  is R 4 ′ selected from the group consisting of C 1-8 -alkyl, C 3-8 -cycloalkyl, C 1-8 -alkoxy, C 1-8 -alkylcarbonyl, C 1-8 -alkylidene, each of which may be optionally substituted with a substituent R 5 ;  
       R 5  is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, C 1-8 -alkyl, C 1-8 -alkoxy, C 3-8 -cycloalkyl, C 3-8 -heterocyclyl, C 1-8 -alkylcarbonyl, C 1-8 -alkylidene, C 2-8 -alkenyl and C 2-8 -alkynyl;  
       R X  may be absent or selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, optionally substituted C 1-8 -alkyl, optionally substituted C 3-8 -cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C 2-8 -alkenyl, optionally substituted C 2-8 -alkynyl, CH 2 —N(R 5 )(R 5 ), CH 2 —OR 5 , CH 2 —SR 5 , and CH 2 —O—C(═O)R 5 ;  
       R 3  may be present 0-4 times and selected from the group consisting of halogen, hydroxy, optionally substituted C 1-8 -alkyl, C 1-8 -alkoxy, optionally substituted C 1-8 -alkylidene, optionally substituted C 2-8 -alkenyl, optionally substituted C 2-8 -alkynyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted C 3-8 -cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C 3-8 -heterocyclyl, and optionally substituted C 1-8 -alkylcarbonyl; and  
       each R 6  and each R 7  is optionally and independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, optionally substituted C 1-8 -alkyl, C 1-8 -alkoxy, optionally substituted C 1-8 -alkylidene, optionally substituted C 2-8 -alkenyl, optionally substituted C 2-8 -alkynyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted C 3-8 -cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C 3-8 -heterocyclyl, and optionally substituted C 1-8 -alkylcarbonyl.  
     
   
   
       22 . The method of  claim 21 , wherein the compound of Formula I is selected from the group consisting of: 
 1-(3-[4-Butylpiperidino]propyl)-1,3-dihydrobenzimidazol-2-one,    1-(3-[4-Butylidenepiperidino]propyl)-1,3-dihydrobenzimidazol-2-one,    1-[3-(4-Pentylpiperidin-1-yl)propyl]-1,3-dihydrobenzoimidazol-2-one,    1-(3-[4-Pentylidenepiperidino]propyl)-1,3-dihydrobenzimidazole-2-one,    1-{3-[4-(3-Methylbutylidene)piperidin-1-yl]propyl}-1,3-dihydrobenzoimidazol-2-one, and    1-[3-(4-Butylpiperidin-1-yl)propyl]-3-methyl-1,3-dihydrobenzoimidazol-2-one.    
   
   
       23 . The method of  claim 21 , wherein the compound of Formula I is selected from the group consisting of: 
 3-[3-(4-Butylpiperidin-1-yl)propyl]-3H-benzothiazol-2-one,    3-{3-[4-(Prop-2-ene-1-oxy)-piperidin-1-yl]-propyl}-3H-benzothiazol-2-one,    3-[3-(4-Propoxy-piperidin-1-yl)-propyl]-3H-benzothiazol-2-one,    3-[3-(3-Butylidene-8-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-8-yl)-propyl]-3H-benzothiazol-2-one,    3-(3-(4-Butyl-piperidin-1-yl)-2-methyl-propyl)-3H-benzothiazol-2-one,    3-(3-(4-Propoxy-piperidin-1-yl)-2-methyl-propyl)-3H-benzothiazol-2-one,    3-(3-(4-Butylpiperidin-1-yl)-(R)-2-methylpropyl)-3H-benzothiazol-2-one,    3-[3-(4-butylpiperidin-1-yl]propyl)-4-methyl-3H-benzooxazol-2-one,    3-[3-(4-butylpiperidin-1-yl)propyl)-5-methyl-3H-benzooxazol-2-one,    3-[3-(4-butylpiperidin-1-yl)propyl]-5-fluoro-3H-benzooxazol-2-one,    3-[3-(4-butylpiperidin-1-yl)propyl]-6-fluoro-3H-benzooxazol-2-one,    1-(3-(4-Butylpiperidin-1-yl)propyl)-1,3-dihydro-indol-2-one,    3-[3-(3-Butyl-8-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-8-yl)-propyl]-3H-benzothiazol-2-one, and    3-[3-(3-Pentyl-8-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-8-yl)-propyl]-3H-benzothiazol-2-one.    
   
   
       24 . A method of modulating the progression or formation of amyloid plaques in an individual susceptible to or affected by Alzheimer's Disease, comprising administering an effective amount of a compound of Formula I, said effective amount sufficient to modulate amyloid precursor protein processing:  
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof, wherein:  
       X is selected from the group consisting of C, O, N and S;  
       Z is selected from the group consisting of CH and N;  
       Y is selected from the group consisting of ═O, ═N and ═S or tautomers thereof;  
       -SPU- is a biradical selected from the group consisting of —(CR 6 R 7 ) n -A- and —C 3-8 -cycloalkyl-, wherein n is 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5;  
       A is absent or an optionally substituted —C 3-8 -cycloalkyl;  
       N together with R 1  and R 2  form a heterocyclic ring wherein said heterocyclic ring is 8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane,  
       wherein the heterocyclic ring is substituted with one or more substituents R 4  selected from the group consisting of halogen, C 1-8 -alkyl, C 3-8 -cycloalkyl, C 1-8 -alkoxy, C 1-8 -alkylcarbonyl, C 1-8 -alkylidene, C 2-8 -alkenyl, C 2-8 -alkynyl, C 1-6 -alkyloxyimino, and C 1-6 -alkyloxyamino each of which may be optionally substituted with a substituent R 5 ,  
       and wherein at least one of said substituents R 4  is R 4 ′ selected from the group consisting of C 1-8 -alkyl, C 3-8 -cycloalkyl, C 1-8 -alkoxy, C 1-8 -alkylcarbonyl, C 1-8 -alkylidene, each of which may be optionally substituted with a substituent R 5 ;  
       R 5  is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, C 1-8 -alkyl, C 1-8 -alkoxy, C 3-8 -cycloalkyl, C 3-8 -heterocyclyl, C 1-8 -alkylcarbonyl, C 1-8 -alkylidene, C 2-8 -alkenyl and C 2-8 -alkynyl;  
       R X  may be absent or selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, optionally substituted C 1-8 -alkyl, optionally substituted C 3-8 -cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C 2-8 -alkenyl, optionally substituted C 2-8 -alkynyl, CH 2 —N(R 5 )(R 5 ), CH 2 —OR 5 , CH 2 —SR 5 , and CH 2 —O—C(═O)R 5 ;  
       R 3  may be present 0-4 times and selected from the group consisting of halogen, hydroxy, optionally substituted C 1-8 -alkyl, C 1-8 -alkoxy, optionally substituted C 1-8 -alkylidene, optionally substituted C 2-8 -alkenyl, optionally substituted C 2-8 -alkynyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted C 3-8 -cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C 3-8 -heterocyclyl, and optionally substituted C 1-8 -alkylcarbonyl; and  
       each R 6  and each R 7  is optionally and independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, optionally substituted C 1-8 -alkyl, C 1-8 -alkoxy, optionally substituted C 1-8 -alkylidene, optionally substituted C 2-8 -alkenyl, optionally substituted C 2-8 -alkynyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted C 3-8 -cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C 3-8 -heterocyclyl, and optionally substituted C 1-8 -alkylcarbonyl.  
     
   
   
       25 . The method of  claim 24 , wherein the compound of Formula I is selected from the group consisting of: 
 1-(3-[4-Butylpiperidino]propyl)-1,3-dihydrobenzimidazol-2-one,    1-(3-[4-Butylidenepiperidino]propyl)-1,3-dihydrobenzimidazol-2-one,    1-[3-(4-Pentylpiperidin-1-yl)propyl]-1,3-dihydrobenzoimidazol-2-one,    1-(3-[4-Pentylidenepiperidino]propyl)-1,3-dihydrobenzimidazole-2-one,    1-{3-[4-(3-Methylbutylidene)piperidin-1-yl]propyl}-1,3-dihydrobenzoimidazol-2-one,    1-[3-(4-Butylpiperidin-1-yl)propyl]-3-methyl-1,3-dihydrobenzoimidazol-2-one,    3-[3-(4-Butylpiperidin-1-yl)propyl]-3H-benzothiazol-2-one,    3-{3-[4-(Prop-2-ene-1-oxy)-piperidin-1-yl]-propyl}-3H-benzothiazol-2-one,    3-[3-(4-Propoxy-piperidin-1-yl)-propyl]-3H-benzothiazol-2-one,    3-[3-(3-Butylidene-8-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-8-yl)-propyl]-3H-benzothiazol-2-one,    3-(3-(4-Butyl-piperidin-1-yl)-2-methyl-propyl)-3H-benzothiazol-2-one,    3-(3-(4-Propoxy-piperidin-1-yl)-2-methyl-propyl)-3H-benzothiazol-2-one,    3-(3-(4-Butylpiperidin-1-yl)-(R)-2-methylpropyl)-3H-benzothiazol-2-one,    3-[3-(4-butylpiperidin-1-yl]propyl)-4-methyl-3H-benzooxazol-2-one,    3-[3-(4-butylpiperidin-1-yl)propyl)-5-methyl-3H-benzooxazol-2-one,    3-[3-(4-butylpiperidin-1-yl)propyl]-5-fluoro-3H-benzooxazol-2-one,    3-[3-(4-butylpiperidin-1-yl)propyl]-6-fluoro-3H-benzooxazol-2-one,    1-(3-(4-Butylpiperidin-1-yl)propyl)-1,3-dihydro-indol-2-one,    3-[3-(3-Butyl-8-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-8-yl)-propyl]-3H-benzothiazol-2-one, and    3-[3-(3-Pentyl-8-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-8-yl)-propyl]-3H-benzothiazol-2-one.