Voltage switchable dielectric material having conductive or semi-conductive organic material

Abstract

One or more embodiments provide for a composition that includes (i) organic material that is conductive or semi-conductive, and (ii) conductor and/or semiconductor particles other than the organic material. The organic material and the conductor and/or semiconductor particles are combined to provide the composition with a characteristic of being (i) dielectric in absence of a voltage that exceeds a characteristic voltage level, and (ii) conductive with application of the voltage exceeding the characteristic voltage level.

1 . A composition comprising: 
 organic material that is conductive or semi-conductive, wherein said organic material is either solvent soluble or dispersed within the composition at nanoscale; and    conductor and/or semiconductor particles other than said organic material;    wherein said organic material and said conductor and/or semiconductor particles are combined to provide said composition with a characteristic of being (i) dielectric in absence of a voltage that exceeds a characteristic voltage level, and (ii) conductive with application of said voltage exceeding said characteristic voltage level.    
     
     
         2 . The composition of  claim 1 , further comprising a binder, and wherein the organic material and the conductor and/or semiconductor particles are distributed in the binder.  
     
     
         3 . A composition comprising: 
 a binder;    organic material that is conductive or semi-conductive, wherein said organic material is either soluble in the binder or dispersed as nanoscale particles within the binder; and    conductor and/or semiconductor particles other than said organic material, said conductor and/or semiconductor particles being distributed in the binder;    wherein said organic material and said conductor and/or semiconductor particles are combined to provide said composition with a characteristic of being (i) dielectric in absence of a voltage that exceeds a characteristic voltage level, and (ii) conductive with application of said voltage exceeding said characteristic voltage level.    
     
     
         4 . The composition of  claim 3 , wherein the conductive organic material and the conductor or semiconductor particles are substantially uniformly distributed in an overall thickness of the binder.  
     
     
         5 . The composition of  claim 3 , wherein the organic material includes single and/or multi-walled carbon nanotubes.  
     
     
         6 . The composition of  claim 3 , wherein the organic material includes C60 or C70 fullerenes.  
     
     
         7 . The composition of  claim 3 , wherein the organic material includes a conductive or semi-conductive monomer, oligomer, or polymer.  
     
     
         8 . The composition of  claim 3 , wherein the organic material includes electron donor and/or electron acceptor molecules or polymers.  
     
     
         9 . The composition of  claim 3 , wherein the organic material includes a compound selected from a class of thiophenes, aniline, phenylenes, vinylenes, flourenes, naphthalene, pyrrolv, acetylene, carbazole, pyrrolidone, cyano materials, anthracene, pentacene, rubrene, or perylene.  
     
     
         10 . The composition of  claim 3 , wherein the organic material includes a compound selected from Poly( 3 , 4 ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(styrenesulfonate), (8-hydroxyquinolinolato) aluminum (III), N,N′-Bis(3-methylphenyl-N,N′-diphenylbenzidine [TPD], N,N′-Di-[(naphthalenyl)-N,N′diphenyl]-1,1′-biphenyl-4,4′-diamine [NPD].  
     
     
         11 . The composition of  claim 3 , wherein said organic material includes a pure carbon compound corresponding to one of carbon graphite, carbon fiber, or a diamond powder.  
     
     
         12 . The composition of  claim 3 , wherein the conductor and/or semiconductor particles includes a metal or a metal complex.  
     
     
         13 . The composition of  claim 12 , wherein the metal complex is selected from a group consisting of oxides, metal nitrides, metal carbides, metal borides, metal sulfides, or a combination thereof.  
     
     
         14 . The composition of  claim 3 , wherein the conductor and/or semiconductor particles include a titanium compound.  
     
     
         15 . The composition of  claim 14 , wherein the conductor and/or semiconductor particles include titanium dioxide.  
     
     
         16 . The composition of  claim 14 , wherein the titanium compound includes titanium diboride or titanium nitride.  
     
     
         17 . The composition of  claim 3 , further comprising inorganic semi-conductor particles distributed in the binder.  
     
     
         18 . The composition of  claim 3 , wherein the inorganic semi-conductor particles include particles selected from a group consisting of silicon, silicon carbide, boron nitride, aluminum nitride, nickel oxide, zinc oxide, zinc sulfide, bismuth oxide, cerium oxide, iron oxide.  
     
     
         19 . The composition of  claim 3 , where at least some of the conductor and/or semiconductor particles are surface bonded by said organic material.  
     
     
         20 . The composition of  claim 19 , wherein said organic material that surface coats the conductor and/or semiconductor particles includes carbon nanotubes.  
     
     
         21 . The composition of  claim 20 , wherein the conductor and/or semiconductor particles includes one of titanium dioxide, titanium nitride, titanium diboride.  
     
     
         22 . The composition of  claim 19 , wherein said organic material that surface coats the conductor and/or semiconductor particles includes organic conductive particles that are grafted onto a surface of individual conductive particles in the binder.  
     
     
         23 . The composition of  claim 3 , wherein the binder material is formed from a material selected from a group consisting of silicone polymers, epoxy, polyimide, polyethylene, phenolic resin, polypropylene, polyphenylene oxide, polysulphone, solgel mateterials, ceramers.  
     
     
         24 . The composition of  claim 3 , wherein said organic material includes a chemical moiety that covalently bonds to the binder.  
     
     
         25 . A voltage switchable dielectric material having a quantity of carbon nanotubes distributed therein.  
     
     
         26 . The voltage switchable dielectric material of  claim 25 , further comprising a binder, and wherein the quantity of carbon nanotubes is distributed as part of the binder.  
     
     
         27 . The voltage switchable dielectric material of  claim 26 , further comprising titanium dioxide distributed in the binder.  
     
     
         28 . A composition comprising: 
 a binder that comprises at least a portion of a binder of the composition, the binder having a volume in the composition that is in a range of 20 to 80% of a composition volume;    conductor particles, having a volume of the composition in a range of 10% to 60% of the composition volume; and    organic material that is conductive or semiconductive and having a volume of the composition in a range of 0.01-40%;    wherein the binder, conductor particles, and organic material combine to provide the composition with a characteristic of being (i) dielectric in absence of a voltage that exceeds a characteristic voltage level, and (ii) conductive with application of the voltage exceeding the characteristic voltage level.    
     
     
         29 . The composition of  claim 28 , wherein said organic material is a solvent soluble in the binder.  
     
     
         30 . The composition of  claim 28 , wherein said organic material is distributed as nano-scaled particles in the binder.  
     
     
         31 . A method for creating voltage switchable dielectric material, the method comprising: 
 creating a mixture containing (i) a binder that is dielectric, (ii) metallic and/or inorganic conductor or semi-conductor particles, and (iii) conductive or semi-conductive organic material that is distributed in the mixture as either a solvent soluble or as nano-scaled particles, wherein creating the mixture includes using a quantity of each of the binder, the metallic and/or inorganic conductor or semi-conductor particles, and the organic material so that the mixture, when cured, is (i) dielectric in absence of a voltage that exceeds a characteristic voltage, and (ii) conductive in presence of the voltage that exceeds the characteristic voltage; and    curing the mixture.    
     
     
         32 . The method of  claim 31 , further comprising applying the mixture to a target location on a device, and wherein curing the mixture includes curing the mixture at the target location.  
     
     
         33 . The method of  claim 32 , creating a mixture includes creating the mixture using fullerenes as the organic material.  
     
     
         34 . The method of  claim 31 , wherein the fullerenes are functionalized C60 or C70.  
     
     
         35 . The method of  claim 31 , wherein the fullerenes are carbon nanotubes.  
     
     
         36 . The method of  claim 31 , wherein the metallic and/or inorganic conductor or semi-conductor particles are selected from a group consisting of copper, aluminum, nickel, and steel, silicon, silicon carbide, boron nitride, aluminum nitride, nickel oxide, zinc oxide, zinc sulfide, bismuth oxide, cerium oxide, iron oxide.  
     
     
         37 . The method of  claim 31 , wherein the metallic and/or inorganic conductor or semi-conductor particles includes a titanium compound.  
     
     
         38 . The method of  claim 31 , wherein the metallic and/or inorganic conductor or semi-conductor particles includes a titanium dioxide.  
     
     
         39 . A voltage switchable dielectric material formed by: 
 creating a mixture comprising (i) a binder that is dielectric, (ii) metallic and/or inorganic conductor or semi-conductor particles, and (iii) conductive or semi-conductive organic material that is distributed as either a solvent soluble or as nano-scale particles in the mixture, wherein creating the mixture includes using a quantity of each of the binder, the metallic and/or inorganic conductor or semi-conductor particles, and the organic material so that the mixture, when cured, is (i) dielectric in absence of a voltage that exceeds a characteristic voltage, and (ii) conductive in presence of the voltage that exceeds the characteristic voltage; and    curing the mixture.