RNA interference mediated treatment of Alzheimer's disease using short interfering nucleic acid (siNA)

Abstract

The present invention concerns methods and reagents useful in modulating BACE gene expression in a variety of applications, including use in therapeutic, diagnostic, target validation, and genomic discovery applications. Specifically, the invention relates to small nucleic acid molecules, such as short interfering nucleic acid (siNA), short interfering RNA (siRNA), double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), micro-RNA (miRNA), and short hairpin RNA (shRNA) molecules capable of mediating RNA interference (RNAi) against beta-secretase (BACE), amyloid precurson protein (APP), pin-1, presenillin 1 (PS-1) and/or presenillin 2 (PS-2) gene expression and/or activity. The small nucleic acid molecules are useful in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and any other condition that responds to modulation of BACE, APP, pin-1, PS-1 and/or PS-2 expression or activity.

1 . A double-stranded short interfering nucleic acid (siNA) molecule that down-regulates expression of a beta-secretase (BACE) gene, wherein said siNA molecule comprises about 21 nucleotides. 
     
     
         2 . The siNA molecule of  claim 1 , wherein said siNA molecule does not contain any ribonucleotides. 
     
     
         3 . The siNA molecule of  claim 1 , wherein said siNA molecule comprises one or more ribonucleotides. 
     
     
         4 . The siNA molecule of  claim 1 , wherein one of the strands of said double-stranded siNA molecule comprises a nucleotide sequence that is complementary to a nucleotide sequence of a BACE gene or a portion thereof, and wherein the second strand of said double-stranded siNA molecule comprises a nucleotide sequence substantially similar to the nucleotide sequence of said BACE gene or a portion thereof. 
     
     
         5 . The siNA molecule of  claim 4 , wherein each strand of the siNA molecule comprises about 19 to about 23 nucleotides, and wherein each strand comprises at least about 19 nucleotides that are complementary to the nucleotides of the other strand. 
     
     
         6 . The siNA molecule of  claim 1 , wherein said siNA molecule comprises an antisense region comprising a nucleotide sequence that is complementary to a nucleotide sequence of a BACE gene or a portion thereof, and wherein said siNA further comprises a sense region, wherein said sense region comprises a nucleotide sequence substantially similar to the nucleotide sequence of said BACE gene or a portion thereof. 
     
     
         7 . The siNA molecule of  claim 6 , wherein said antisense region and said sense region each comprise about 19 to about 23 nucleotides, and wherein said antisense region comprises at least about 19 nucleotides that are complementary to nucleotides of the sense region. 
     
     
         8 . The siNA molecule of  claim 1 , wherein said siNA molecule comprises a sense region and an antisense region and wherein said antisense region comprises a nucleotide sequence that is complementary to a nucleotide sequence of RNA encoded by a BACE gene or a portion thereof and said sense region comprises a nucleotide sequence that is complementary to said antisense region. 
     
     
         9 . The siNA molecule of  claim 6 , wherein said siNA molecule is assembled from two separate oligonucleotide fragments wherein one fragment comprises the sense region and the second fragment comprises the antisense region of said siNA molecule. 
     
     
         10 . The siNA molecule of claim  claim 6 , wherein said sense region is connected to the antisense region via a linker molecule. 
     
     
         11 . The siNA molecule of  claim 10 , wherein said linker molecule is a polynucleotide linker. 
     
     
         12 . The siNA molecule of  claim 10 , wherein said linker molecule is a non-nucleotide linker. 
     
     
         13 . The siNA molecule of  claim 6 , wherein pyrimidine nucleotides in the sense region are 2′-O-methyl pyrimidine nucleotides. 
     
     
         14 . The siNA molecule of  claim 6 , wherein purine nucleotides in the sense region are 2′-deoxy purine nucleotides. 
     
     
         15 . The siNA molecule of  claim 6 , wherein the pyrimidine nucleotides present in the sense region are 2′-deoxy-2′-fluoro pyrimidine nucleotides. 
     
     
         16 . The siNA molecule of  claim 9 , wherein the fragment comprising said sense region includes a terminal cap moiety at the 5′-end, the 3′-end, or both of the 5′ and 3′ ends of the fragment. 
     
     
         17 . The siNA molecule of  claim 16 , wherein said terminal cap moiety is an inverted deoxy abasic moiety. 
     
     
         18 . The siNA molecule of  claim 6 , wherein the pyrimidine nucleotides of said antisense region are 2′-deoxy-2′-fluoro pyrimidine nucleotides 
     
     
         19 . The siNA molecule of  claim 6 , wherein the purine nucleotides of said antisense region are 2′-O-methyl purine nucleotides. 
     
     
         20 . The siNA molecule of  claim 6 , wherein the purine nucleotides present in said antisense region comprise 2′-deoxy- purine nucleotides. 
     
     
         21 . The siNA molecule of  claim 18 , wherein said antisense region comprises a phosphorothioate internucleotide linkage at the 3′ end of said antisense region. 
     
     
         22 . The siNA molecule of  claim 6 , wherein said antisense region comprises a glyceryl modification at the 3′ end of said antisense region. 
     
     
         23 . The siNA molecule of  claim 9 , wherein each of the two fragments of said siNA molecule comprise 21 nucleotides. 
     
     
         24 . The siNA molecule of  claim 23 , wherein about 19 nucleotides of each fragment of the siNA molecule are base-paired to the complementary nucleotides of the other fragment of the siNA molecule and wherein at least two 3′ terminal nucleotides of each fragment of the siNA molecule are not base-paired to the nucleotides of the other fragment of the siNA molecule. 
     
     
         25 . The siNA molecule of  claim 24 , wherein each of the two 3′ terminal nucleotides of each fragment of the siNA molecule are 2′-deoxy-pyrimidines. 
     
     
         26 . The siNA molecule of  claim 25 , wherein said 2′-deoxy-pyrimidine is 2′-deoxy-thymidine. 
     
     
         27 . The siNA molecule of  claim 23 , wherein all 21 nucleotides of each fragment of the siNA molecule are base-paired to the complementary nucleotides of the other fragment of the siNA molecule. 
     
     
         28 . The siNA molecule of  claim 23 , wherein about 19 nucleotides of the antisense region are base-paired to the nucleotide sequence of the RNA encoded by a BACE gene or a portion thereof. 
     
     
         29 . The siNA molecule of  claim 23 , wherein 21 nucleotides of the antisense region are base-paired to the nucleotide sequence of the RNA encoded by a BACE gene or a portion thereof. 
     
     
         30 . The siNA molecule of  claim 9 , wherein the 5′-end of the fragment comprising said antisense region optionally includes a phosphate group. 
     
     
         31 . A double-stranded short interfering nucleic acid (siNA) molecule that down-regulates the expression of a BACE gene, wherein said siNA molecule does not contain any ribonucleotides and wherein each strand of said double-stranded siNA molecule comprises about 21 nucleotides. 
     
     
         32 . A double-stranded short interfering nucleic acid (siNA) molecule that down-regulates the expression of a BACE gene, wherein said siNA molecule does not require the presence of a ribonucleotide within the siNA molecule for said down-regulation of expression of the BACE gene and wherein each strand of said double-stranded siNA molecule comprises about 21 nucleotides. 
     
     
         33 . A pharmaceutical composition comprising the siNA molecule of  claim 1  and an acceptable carrier or diluent. 
     
     
         34 . A medicament comprising the siNA molecule of  claim 1 . 
     
     
         35 . Active ingredient comprising the siNA molecule of  claim 1 . 
     
     
         36 . Use of a double-stranded short interfering nucleic acid (siNA) molecule to down-regulate expression of a BACE gene, wherein said siNA molecule comprises one or more chemical modifications and each strand of said double-stranded siNA comprises about 21 nucleotides.