Prostheses, systems and methods for replacement of natural facet joints with artificial facet joint surfaces

Abstract

Cephalad and caudal vertebral facet joint prostheses and methods of use are provided. The prostheses provide an artificial facet joint structure including an artificial articular configuration unlike the preexisting articular configuration. The radii and material stress values of the prostheses are configured to sustain contact stress. The cephalad prosthesis provides for posterior-anterior adjustment. Both prostheses permit lateral adjustment and adjustment to accommodate interpedicle distance. Further, the prostheses may be customized to provide a pre-defined lordotic angle and a pre-defined pedicle entry angle.

1 . A method of stabilizing a vertebral body, comprising: securing a first rod to a first vertebrae in a manner that substantially prevents movement of the first rod relative to the first vertebrae; 
 securing a second rod to a second vertebrae; and slideably coupling the first rod and the second rod together at a first connector positioned between a first point where the first rod is coupled to the first vertebrae and a second point where the second rod is coupled to the second vertebrae;    wherein the first rod and the second rod remain in a slideable relationship relative to each other post-operatively.    
   
   
       2 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein slideably coupling the first rod and the second rod together at a connector comprises inserting a portion of the first rod through a first aperture in the connector forming a slideable connection and inserting a portion of the second rod through a second aperture in the connector.  
   
   
       3 . The method of  claim 2 , wherein inserting a portion of the second rod through the second aperture in the connector comprises forming a slideable connection between the second rod and the second aperture.  
   
   
       4 . The method of  claim 2 , wherein inserting a portion of the second rod through the second aperture in the connector comprises fixedly attaching the second rod to the second aperture.  
   
   
       5 . The method of  claim 1 , further comprising installing a spinal joint stabilization device displaced laterally from the first connector to enable post-operative movement of the first and second vertebrae relative to each other and to enable the first and second rods to move relative to each other.  
   
   
       6 . The method of  claim 5 , wherein installing a spinal joint stabilization device comprises securing a first rod to a first vertebrae in a manner that substantially prevents movement of the first rod relative to the first vertebrae, securing a second rod to a second vertebrae, slideably coupling the first rod and the second rod together at a second connector positioned between a first point where the first rod is coupled to the first vertebrae and a second point where the second rod is coupled to the second vertebrae; and wherein the first rod and the second rod remain in a slideable relationship relative to each other in a patient post-operatively.  
   
   
       7 . The method of  claim 5 , further comprising installing a transverse member coupling the spinal joint stabilization device with the first connector.  
   
   
       8 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein securing a first rod to a first vertebrae comprises attaching a first post to the first vertebrae and attaching the first rod to the first post in a manner enabling the first rod to slide relative to the first post generally parallel to a longitudinal axis of the first rod post-operatively.  
   
   
       9 . The method of  claim 8 , wherein attaching the first rod to the first post comprises passing the first rod through an aperture in the first post.  
   
   
       10 . The method of  claim 8 , wherein securing a second rod to a second vertebrae comprises attaching a second post to the second vertebrae and attaching the second rod to the second post in a manner enabling the second rod to slide relative to the second post along a longitudinal axis of the second rod post-operatively.  
   
   
       11 . The method of  claim 10 , wherein attaching the second rod to the second post comprises passing the second rod through an aperture in the second post.  
   
   
       12 . The method of  claim 1 , further comprising limiting movement of the first and second vertebrae relative to each other by installing movement limiting devices on at least the first rod.  
   
   
       13 . The method of  claim 12 , further comprising installing movement limiting devices on the first and second rods.  
   
   
       14 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein securing a first rod to a first vertebrae comprises attaching the first rod to a post having a head movable in at least three axes post-operatively.  
   
   
       15 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein securing a first rod to a first vertebrae comprises attaching the first rod to a post having a head enabling the first rod to move post-operatively generally along a longitudinal axis of the first rod.  
   
   
       16 . The method of  claim 15 , wherein securing a second rod to a second vertebrae comprises securing the second rod to a past having a head enabling the second rod to move post-operatively generally along a longitudinal axis of the second rod.