Hydrogen passivation shut down system for a fuel cell power plant

Abstract

The invention is a hydrogen passivation shut down system for a fuel cell power plant ( 10 ). An anode flow path ( 24 ) is in fluid communication with an anode catalyst ( 14 ) for directing hydrogen fuel to flow adjacent to the anode catalyst ( 14 ), and a cathode flow path ( 38 ) is in fluid communication with a cathode catalyst ( 16 ) for directing an oxidant to flow adjacent to the cathode catalyst ( 16 ) of a fuel cell ( 12 ). Hydrogen fuel is permitted to transfer between the anode flow path ( 24 ) and the cathode flow path ( 38 ). A hydrogen reservoir ( 66 ) is secured in fluid communication with the anode flow path ( 24 ) for receiving and storing hydrogen during fuel cell ( 12 ) operation, and for releasing the hydrogen into the fuel cell ( 12 ) whenever the fuel cell ( 12 ) is shut down.

1 . A method of shutting down a fuel cell power plant ( 10 ), the power plant comprising at least one fuel cell ( 12 ) for generating electrical current from hydrogen containing reducing fluid fuel and oxygen containing oxidant reactant streams, the fuel cell ( 12 ) including an anode catalyst ( 14 ) and a cathode catalyst ( 16 ) on opposed sides of an electrolyte ( 18 ), an anode flow path ( 24 ) in fluid communication with the anode catalyst ( 14 ) for directing the hydrogen fuel to flow through the fuel cell ( 12 ) and adjacent the anode catalyst ( 14 ), and a cathode flow path ( 38 ) in fluid communication with the cathode catalyst ( 16 ) for directing the oxidant stream to flow through the fuel cell ( 12 ) and adjacent the cathode catalyst ( 14 ), the method comprising the steps of: 
 a. disconnecting a primary load ( 90 ) from the fuel cell ( 12 );    b. terminating flow of the oxidant into the cathode flow path ( 24 ) from an oxidant source ( 58 );    c. connecting an auxiliary load ( 94 ) to the fuel cell ( 12 );    d. permitting transfer of the hydrogen fuel from the anode flow path ( 24 ) into the cathode flow path ( 38 );    e. sensing an amount of hydrogen within the anode flow path ( 24 ) or the cathode flow path ( 38 ) with a hydrogen sensor for detecting a concentration of hydrogen within the anode flow path ( 24 ) or the cathode flow path ( 38 );    f. terminating flow of the hydrogen fuel into the anode flow path ( 24 ) from a hydrogen fuel source ( 54 ) whenever the anode flow path ( 24 ) and cathode flow path ( 38 ) are filled above an acceptable limit of hydrogen to maintain the fuel cell ( 12 ) in a passive state; and,    g. permitting release into the anode flow path ( 24 ) and into the cathode flow path ( 38 ) of hydrogen stored within a hydrogen reservoir for storing hydrogen secured in fluid communication with the anode flow path ( 24 ).    
   
   
       2 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the step of permitting transfer of hydrogen fuel from the anode flow path ( 24 ) into the cathode flow path ( 38 ) includes directing the hydrogen fuel to pass through a hydrogen transfer valve ( 64 ) secured in fluid communication between the anode flow path ( 24 ) and the cathode flow path ( 38 ).  
   
   
       3 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the step of permitting transfer of hydrogen fuel from the anode flow path ( 24 ) into the cathode flow path ( 38 ) includes electrochemically pumping the hydrogen from the anode flow path ( 24 ) into the cathode flow path ( 38 ) by passing a direct current to the fuel cell ( 12 ).  
   
   
       4 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the step of permitting transfer of hydrogen fuel from the anode flow path ( 24 ) into the cathode flow path ( 38 ) includes securing a proton exchange membrane electrolyte ( 18 ) between the anode catalyst ( 14 ) and the cathode catalyst ( 16 ) so that the hydrogen may diffuse through the proton exchange membrane electrolyte ( 18 ) from the anode flow path ( 24 ) into the cathode flow path ( 38 ).  
   
   
       5 . The method of  claim 1 , comprising the further step of, after the permitting transfer of the hydrogen fuel step, and before the terminating flow of the hydrogen fuel step, accelerating flow of a cathode exhaust stream with one of an oxidant blower ( 60 ) or a cathode bypass blower ( 76 ) from a cathode exhaust ( 44 ) of the cathode flow path ( 38 ) through a cathode bypass line ( 74 ) to a cathode inlet ( 40 ) of the cathode flow path ( 38 ).  
   
   
       6 . The method of  claim 1 , comprising the further step of periodically sensing the amount of hydrogen within the anode flow path ( 24 ) or the cathode flow path ( 38 ) with the hydrogen sensor, and establishing an acceptable concentration of hydrogen to maintain the fuel cell ( 12 ) in a passive state whenever the hydrogen sensor detects the concentration of hydrogen within the anode flow path ( 24 ) or the cathode flow path ( 38 ) is below a predetermined concentration.  
   
   
       7 . The method of  claim 1 , comprising the further steps of, after the step of permitting release of hydrogen into the anode flow path ( 24 ) from the hydrogen reservoir step, sensing an amount of hydrogen within the anode flow path ( 24 ) or the cathode flow path ( 38 ) with the hydrogen sensor, whenever the detected hydrogen concentration is less than an acceptable limit of hydrogen to maintain the fuel cell ( 12 ) in a passive state, performing a rapid hydrogen fuel purge step wherein hydrogen fuel is directed to traverse the anode flow field ( 28 ) of the fuel cell ( 12 ) between an anode inlet ( 26 ) and an anode exhaust ( 30 ) in less than 1.0 seconds, then starting up the fuel cell ( 12 ).  
   
   
       8 . The method of  claim 9 , wherein the rapid hydrogen fuel purge step further comprises directing the hydrogen fuel to traverse the anode flow field ( 28 ) of the fuel cell ( 12 ) between the anode inlet ( 26 ) and the anode exhaust ( 30 ) in less than 0.2 seconds.  
   
   
       9 . The method of  claim 9 , wherein the rapid hydrogen fuel purge step further comprises directing the hydrogen fuel to traverse the anode flow field ( 28 ) of the fuel cell ( 12 ) between the anode inlet ( 26 ) and the anode exhaust ( 30 ) in less than 0.05 seconds.  
   
   
       10 . A method of operating a fuel cell power plant ( 10 ), the power plant comprising at least one fuel cell ( 12 ) including an anode catalyst ( 14 ) and a cathode catalyst ( 16 ) disposed on opposed sides of an electrolyte ( 18 ), an anode flow path ( 24 ) in fluid communication between the anode catalyst ( 14 ) and a fuel source ( 54 ), a cathode flow path ( 38 ) in fluid communication between the cathode catalyst ( 16 ) and an oxygen source ( 58 ), the cathode flow path ( 38 ) including a cathode bypass line ( 74 ) disposed between a cathode inlet ( 40 ) and a cathode exhaust ( 44 ) of the cathode flow path ( 38 ); the method comprising the steps of: 
 a. terminating flow of oxygen from the oxygen source ( 58 ) to the cathode catalyst ( 16 );    b. recycling reactant fluid disposed in said cathode flow path ( 38 ) through the cathode by-pass line ( 74 );    c. introducing fuel into the cathode flow path ( 38 ) from the anode flow path ( 24 );    d. reacting the fuel with the recycled reactant fluid within the cathode flow path ( 38 ) until the hydrogen concentration of the recycled reactant fluid increases above an acceptable limit of hydrogen to maintain the fuel cell ( 12 ) in a passive state.    
   
   
       11 . The method of operating the fuel cell power plant ( 10 ) of  claim 10 , comprising the further step of applying a primary load ( 90 ) to the fuel cell ( 12 ).  
   
   
       12 . The method of operating the fuel cell power plant ( 10 ) of  claim 10 , comprising the further step of terminating flow of a hydrogen fuel to the fuel cell ( 12 ).  
   
   
       13 . A method of operating a fuel cell power plant ( 10 ), the power plant comprising at least one fuel cell ( 12 ) including an anode catalyst ( 14 ) and a cathode catalyst ( 16 ) disposed on opposed sides of an electrolyte ( 18 ), an anode flow path ( 24 ) in fluid communication between the anode catalyst ( 14 ) and a fuel source ( 54 ), a cathode flow path ( 38 ) in fluid communication between the cathode catalyst ( 16 ) and an oxygen source ( 58 ), the cathode flow path ( 38 ) including a cathode bypass line ( 74 ) disposed between a cathode inlet ( 40 ) and a cathode exhaust ( 44 ) of the cathode flow path ( 38 ); the method comprising the steps of: the method comprising the steps of: 
 a. securing a hydrogen transfer valve ( 64 ) in fluid communication between the anode flow path ( 24 ) and the cathode flow path ( 38 );    b. introducing fuel from the fuel source ( 54 ) into the cathode flow path ( 38 ) from the anode flow path ( 24 );    c. recycling reactant fluid disposed in said cathode flow path ( 38 ) through the cathode by-pass line ( 74 );    d. reacting the fuel with the recycled reactant fluid within the cathode flow path ( 38 ) until the hydrogen concentration of the recycled reactant fluid increases above an acceptable limit of hydrogen to maintain the fuel cell ( 12 ) in a passive state.