Detection and quantification of analytes in bodily fluids

Abstract

This invention is in the field of medical devices. Specifically, the present invention provides portable medical devices that allow detection of analytes from a biological fluid. The methods and devices are particularly useful for providing point-of-care testing for a variety of medical applications.

1 . A system for detecting an analyte in a bodily fluid from a subject, comprising:
 a) a fluidic device comprising a cartridge, said cartridge comprising a sample collection unit and an assay assembly, wherein said sample collection unit allows a sample of bodily fluid to react with reactants contained within said assay assembly to yield a colored product having an absorbance spectrum corresponding to at least one wavelength from a light source;   b) a light source transmitting the at least one wavelength to the assay assembly; and   c) a detector that detects absorption of light of the at least one wavelength, wherein said absorption is indicative of the presence of the analyte in said bodily fluid.   
     
     
         2 . The system of  claim 1 , wherein the amount of absorption is related to the concentration of the analyte in said bodily fluid. 
     
     
         3 . The system of  claim 1 , wherein the amount of absorption is stoichiometrically related to the concentration of the analyte in said bodily fluid. 
     
     
         4 . The system of  claim 1 , wherein the fluidic device is a hand-held device. 
     
     
         5 . The system of  claim 1 , wherein the system is a point-of-care system. 
     
     
         6 . The system of  claim 1 , wherein the light source comprises a light emitting diode. 
     
     
         7 . The system of  claim 1 , wherein the light source comprises luminescent paint. 
     
     
         8 . The system of  claim 7 , wherein said luminescent paint is coated in said assay assembly. 
     
     
         9 . The system of  claim 1 , wherein the bodily fluid comprises blood. 
     
     
         10 . The system of  claim 1 , wherein said fluidic device detects a plurality of analytes and said fluidic device comprises reagents for said plurality of analytes. 
     
     
         11 . The system of  claim 1 , wherein the analyte is selected from the group consisting of drug, drug metabolite, biomarker indicative of a disease, tissue specific marker, and tissue specific enzyme. 
     
     
         12 . The system of  claim 1 , wherein the analyte is selected from the group consisting of HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, total cholesterol, lipids, glucose, and enzymes. 
     
     
         13 . The system of  claim 1 , wherein the assay assembly is configured to run an enzymatic assay yielding a colored product. 
     
     
         14 . The system of  claim 1 , wherein the assay assembly is configured to run an immunoassay. 
     
     
         15 . The system of  claim 1 , wherein the reactants are selected from the group consisting of enzymes, enzyme substrates, and combinations thereof. 
     
     
         16 . The system of  claim 1 , wherein the wavelength is in a range of about 400 to about 800 nm. 
     
     
         17 . The system of  claim 1 , wherein said sample of bodily fluid is less than about 500 ul. 
     
     
         18 . The system of  claim 1 , wherein said sample of bodily fluid is less than about 50 ul. 
     
     
         19 . The system of  claim 1 , wherein the detector is a photomultiplier tube, photodiode or avalanche photodiode. 
     
     
         20 . A fluidic device for detecting the presence or absence of an analyte in a bodily fluid from a subject, comprising:
 a cartridge, said cartridge comprising a sample collection unit, an assay assembly; and   a light source, wherein said sample collection unit is configured to collect a sample of bodily fluid from said subject and wherein said assay assembly comprises at least one reaction site containing a reactant that reacts with said analyte to yield a colored product having an absorbance spectrum corresponding to at least one wavelength from said light source.   
     
     
         21 . The fluidic device of  claim 20 , wherein said light source is luminescent paint. 
     
     
         22 . The fluidic device of  claim 21 , wherein said luminescent paint is coated in said assay assembly. 
     
     
         23 . The fluidic device of  claim 20 , wherein said sample collection unit comprises a sample collection well, a metering channel, and a dilution chamber in fluidic communication with said metering channel, wherein said dilution chamber is configured to store a diluent. 
     
     
         24 . The fluidic device of  claim 23 , wherein said sample collection unit further comprises a mixing chamber that is configured to mix a predetermined portion of the sample with the diluent to yield a diluted sample. 
     
     
         25 . The fluidic device of  claim 24 , wherein the sample collection unit further comprises a filter configured to filter the diluted sample before it is assayed. 
     
     
         26 . The fluidic device of claim of  claim 20 , wherein the analyte is selected from the group consisting of drug, drug metabolite, biomarker indicative of a disease, tissue specific marker, and tissue specific enzyme. 
     
     
         27 . The fluidic device of  claim 20 , wherein the analyte is selected from the group consisting of HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, total cholesterol, lipids, glucose, and enzymes. 
     
     
         28 . The fluidic device of  claim 20 , wherein the wavelength is in a range of about 400 to about 800 nm 
     
     
         29 . The fluidic device of  claim 24 , wherein said predetermined portion of said sample is less than 50 ul. 
     
     
         30 . The fluidic device of  claim 24 , wherein said predetermined portion of said sample is less than 20 ul. 
     
     
         31 . The fluidic device of  claim 24 , wherein said portion of said sample is about  10  ul. 
     
     
         32 . The fluidic device of  claim 20 , wherein said bodily fluid is blood. 
     
     
         33 . A method of detecting an analyte in a bodily fluid from a subject, comprising:
 a) introducing a sample of bodily fluid into a fluidic device comprising a sample collection unit and an assay assembly, said assay assembly comprising reactants that are capable of reacting with said analytes;   b) allowing said sample of bodily fluid to react with said reactants contained within said assay assembly to yield a colored product having an absorbance spectrum corresponding to at least one wavelength from a light source;   c) transmitting the at least one wavelength to the fluidic device from said light source; and   d) detecting absorption of light of the at least one wavelength transmitted to the fluidic device, wherein said absorption is indicative of the presence of the analyte in said bodily fluid.   
     
     
         34 . The method of  claim 33 , wherein the amount of absorption is related to the concentration of the analyte in said bodily fluid. 
     
     
         35 . The method of  claim 33 , wherein the amount of absorption is stoichiometrically related to the concentration of the analyte in said bodily fluid. 
     
     
         36 . The method of  claim 33 , wherein the light source comprises a light emitting diode. 
     
     
         37 . The method of  claim 33 , wherein the light source comprises a luminescent paint. 
     
     
         38 . The method of  claim 37 , wherein said luminescent paint is coated in said assay assembly. 
     
     
         39 . The method of  claim 33 , wherein the analyte is selected from the group consisting of drug, drug metabolite, biomarker indicative of a disease, tissue specific marker, and tissue specific enzyme. 
     
     
         40 . The method of  claim 33 , wherein the analyte is selected from the group consisting of HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, total cholesterol, lipids, glucose, and enzymes. 
     
     
         41 . The method of  claim 33 , wherein the wavelength is in a range of about 400 to about 800 nm. 
     
     
         42 . The method of  claim 33 , wherein said fluidic device detects a plurality of analytes and said fluidic device comprises reactants for said plurality of analytes. 
     
     
         43 . The method of  claim 33 , wherein said assay assembly is configured to run an enzymatic assay yielding a colored product. 
     
     
         44 . The method of  claim 33 , wherein the assay assembly is configured to run an immunoassay. 
     
     
         45 . The method of  claim 33 , wherein the reactants are selected from the group of enzymes, substrates, and combinations thereof. 
     
     
         46 . The method of  claim 33 , wherein said sample of bodily fluid is less than about 500 ul. 
     
     
         47 . The method of  claim 33 , wherein said sample of bodily fluid is less than about 50 ul. 
     
     
         48 . The method of  claim 33 , further comprising the step of quantifying the amount of said analyte present in said bodily fluid after said detecting step. 
     
     
         49 . The method of  claim 33 , wherein said introducing comprises metering a predetermined portion of said sample to be assayed in said sample collection unit. 
     
     
         50 . The method of  claim 49 , further comprising diluting and mixing said predetermined portion of said sample with a diluent in said fluidic device after the metering step to yield a diluted sample. 
     
     
         51 . The method of  claim 50 , wherein said predetermined portion of said sample is less than 50 ul. 
     
     
         52 . The method of  claim 50 , wherein said predetermined portion of said sample is less than 20 ul. 
     
     
         53 . The method of  claim 50 , wherein said predetermined portion of said sample is about 10 ul. 
     
     
         54 . The method of  claim 50 , further comprising filtering said diluted sample before allowing said diluted sample to react with said reactants.