Axial Piston Compressor

Abstract

Compressor, especially a compressor for the air-conditioning system of a motor vehicle, having a housing ( 1 ) and, for drawing in and compressing a coolant, a compressor unit arranged in the housing ( 1 ) and driven by means of a drive shaft, the compressor unit being regulated by means of the pressure (P C ) prevailing in a drive mechanism chamber substantially bounded by the housing ( 1 ), there being an additional regulation device ( 17 ) and/or control device for the inlet-gas-side coolant mass flow and/or the inlet pressure and/or the inlet density.

1 . A compressor comprising a housing ( 1 ) and, for drawing in and compressing a coolant, a compressor unit arranged in the housing ( 1 ) and driven by a drive shaft, the compressor unit being regulated by a pressure (P C ) prevailing in a drive mechanism chamber substantially bounded by the housing ( 1 ), and an additional regulation device ( 17 ) and/or control device for an inlet-gas-side coolant mass flow and/or an inlet pressure and/or an inlet density. 
   
   
       2 . Compressor according to  claim 1 , wherein the regulation device ( 17 ) comprises a throttling location having an adjusting member ( 13 ) comprising a throttling valve or a throttling flap, or comprises a pressure reducer. 
   
   
       3 . Compressor according to  claim 2 , wherein the adjusting member ( 13 ) of the regulation device adjusts the coolant mass flow or, that is, the inlet pressure in dependence on a speed of rotation. 
   
   
       4 . Compressor according to  claim 2 , wherein the throttling location has an end-stop, associated with the adjusting member ( 13 ), for a position of minimum flow cross-section such that even in the case of very high speeds of rotation a predetermined minimum coolant mass flow or inlet pressure is ensured. 
   
   
       5 . Compressor according to  claim 2 , wherein the adjusting member is an adjusting piston ( 13 ). 
   
   
       6 . Compressor, especially according to  claim 1 , wherein the control device comprises at least one inlet valve arranged on an inlet gas side. 
   
   
       7 . Compressor according to  claim 6 , wherein the inlet valve is a pressure-controlled reed valve. 
   
   
       8 . Compressor according to  claim 6 , wherein the inlet valve comprises a valve plate ( 18 ) having a throttling through-bore ( 19 ) and a tongue-like inlet blade ( 21 ). 
   
   
       9 . Compressor according to  claim 8 , further comprising a cylinder block and at least one piston which is arranged to move axially back and forth in a corresponding at least one bore provided in the cylinder block, the inlet valve comprises at least one inlet valve so that a separate one of the inlet valves is associated with each cylinder and corresponding inlet blades ( 21 ) are integrated in an inlet blade plate. 
   
   
       10 . Compressor according to  claim 9 , wherein an end of each cylinder space which is associated with a respective one of the at least one inlet valve has a radially extending annular extension, which limits a stroke of the associated inlet blade ( 21 ) and which is bevelled off or flattened off towards a fixing location of the associated inlet blade. 
   
   
       11 . Compressor according to  claim 6 , further comprising a cylinder block and at least one piston, which is arranged to move axially back and forth in respective bores provided in the cylinder block, a ratio of piston diameter and piston stroke (D/s) is approximately from 0.4 to 1.5. 
   
   
       12 . Compressor according to  claim 11 , wherein a ratio of piston diameter and a throttling through-bore in a valve plate (D/d) is approximately from 1.5 to 5. 
   
   
       13 . Compressor according to  claim 12 , wherein a ratio of the throttling through-bore in the valve plate and a stroke of an inlet blade (d/t) is approximately from 2.5 to 8. 
   
   
       14 . Compressor according to  claim 13 , wherein a ratio of piston stroke to the stroke of the inlet blade (s/t) is approximately from 10 to 30. 
   
   
       15 . Compressor according to  claim 6 , wherein the control device is defined by the geometry of the inlet valve. 
   
   
       16 . Compressor according to  claim 1 , wherein the control device comprises an orifice plate arranged on a inlet gas side. 
   
   
       17 . Compressor according to  claim 1 , wherein the compressor unit comprising pistons ( 4 ) moving axially back and forth in a cylinder block ( 2 ) and, driving the pistons ( 4 ) and rotating together with the drive shaft ( 6 ), a tilt plate ( 7 ), especially a swash plate or wobble plate or a tilt ring, a deflection angle of the tilt plate ( 7 ) is governed by interaction of, on the one hand, a pressure in a drive mechanism chamber ( 8 ′) substantially accommodating the tilt plate and, on the other hand, the coolant mass flow on the inlet side or the inlet pressure. 
   
   
       18 . Compressor according to  claim 1 , wherein the regulation device ( 17 ) is arranged to be actuated or controlled from outside the compressor. 
   
   
       19 . Compressor according to  claim 1 , wherein the regulation device ( 17 ) and/or control device include(s) an inlet-gas-side oil separator. 
   
   
       20 . Compressor according to  claim 1 , wherein the regulation device ( 17 ) is self-regulating in dependence on a difference in pressures at, on the one hand, an outlet side or high-pressure side and, on the other hand, an entry side or inlet-pressure side. 
   
   
       21 . Compressor according to  claim 17 , wherein a moment distribution of components of the compressor that are moved in rotation and in translation is such that, in the case of an increase in a compressor speed of rotation, the deflection angle of the tilt plate ( 7 ) remains substantially the same or decreases. 
   
   
       22 . Compressor according to  claim 17 , wherein the regulation device and/or control device is/are arranged in an inlet gas channel ( 9 ) extending mainly in a cylinder block ( 2 ). 
   
   
       23 . Compressor according to  claim 22 , wherein the regulation device ( 17 ) comprises a coolant mass flow measuring device and/or a pressure sensor in the inlet gas channel ( 9 ) to one side or to each side of the throttling location and/or the speed of rotation of the compressor and/or of an engine driving the latter and/or a pressure on an outlet side of the compressor. 
   
   
       24 . Compressor according  claim 23 , wherein the adjusting member ( 13 ) of the regulation device ( 17 ) acts against a force of a resilient element. 
   
   
       25 . Compressor according to  claim 24 , wherein the force of the resilient element or biasing exerted by the resilient element on the adjusting member ( 13 ) is adjustable by an adjusting screw ( 15 ). 
   
   
       26 . Compressor according to  claim 25 , wherein the adjusting member ( 13 ) is arranged between the pressure-gas side and the inlet gas side. 
   
   
       27 . Compressor according to  claim 17 , wherein the regulation device comprises a throttling location of constant cross-section. 
   
   
       28 . Compressor according to  claim 27 , wherein an inlet line and/or a connection between the compressor and an evaporator are part of the regulation device. 
   
   
       29 . Compressor according to  claim 28 , wherein across the regulation device there is a pressure difference of approximately 1 bar at a compressor speed of rotation of approximately 600 rpm and/or of approximately 10 bar at approximately 8000 rpm. 
   
   
       30 . Compressor according to  claim 28 , wherein the regulation device or the throttling location comprises a tubular line having a tubular cross-section of approximately from 8 to 10 mm. 
   
   
       31 . Compressor according to  claim 30 , wherein CO 2  is used as coolant. 
   
   
       32 . Compressor according to  claim 17 , wherein a moment due to components of the compressor that are moved in rotation M SW  is of substantially equal magnitude to a moment M k,ges  due to components of the compressor that are moved in translation.