Method for vaporising and reforming liquid fuels

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for vaporising and reforming liquid fuels, in particular the catalytic and non-catalytic partial oxidation and the autothermal reforming of liquid fuels with the addition of air- or air-vapour mixtures or air-water mixtures. The invention thereby solves the problems of the mixture formation, soot formation and conversion into low hydrocarbons and hydrogen in conjunction with reforming methods known from the state of the art.

1 . A method for vaporising and reforming liquid fuels, in which, in a first reaction chamber, the fuel is vaporised with the supply of air with the help of a first catalyst and is oxidised greatly substoichiometrically and, in a second reaction chamber, the vaporised fuel is mixed with supplied air and subsequently is reformed, the ratio of the air volume supplied in the first reaction chamber to the air volume supplied in the second reaction chamber being adjusted between 3:70 and 70:30. 
     
     
         2 . The method according to  claim 1 , wherein the ratio of the air volume supplied in the first reaction chamber to the air volume supplied in the second reaction chamber is adjusted via distributor structures. 
     
     
         3 . The method according to  claim 1 , wherein the air is supplied via pipelines with openings and/or nozzles, the openings and/or nozzles being dimensioned such that the ratio of the air volume supplied in the first reaction chamber to the air volume supplied in the second reaction chamber is adjusted. 
     
     
         4 . The method according to  claim 1 , wherein the distributor structure is a nozzle, a boring, a body with other openings, in particular a porous sintered metal body. 
     
     
         5 . The method according to  claim 1 , wherein a second catalyst is used during the reforming. 
     
     
         6 . The method according to  claim 1 , wherein the reforming is effected without a catalyst. 
     
     
         7 . The method according to  claim 1 , wherein the reforming is effected by partial oxidation. 
     
     
         8 . The method according to  claim 1 , wherein the reforming is effected by autothermal reforming, water and/or water vapour being supplied in addition in the second reaction chamber. 
     
     
         9 . The method according to  claim 1 , wherein the catalysts are selected from the group comprising a packing bed, a honeycomb body and a coated metal net. 
     
     
         10 . The method according to  claim 1 , wherein the mixing after the partial oxidation in the vaporiser is assisted by static mixing devices before and after the supply of additional air. 
     
     
         11 . The method according to  claim 1 , wherein the first reaction chamber and/or the first catalyst are preheated to temperatures of 300 to 450° C. 
     
     
         12 . The method according to  claim 1 , wherein the first and the second reaction chamber are connected to each other by a connection channel. 
     
     
         13 . The method according to  claim 1 , wherein the air for the first and the second reaction chamber is supplied via different pipelines.