Supporting Wall and Moulded Blocks of Concrete for Building a Supporting Wall

Abstract

The invention relates to a molded block ( 20 ) of concrete. The molded block ( 20 ) is suitable for building a supporting wall ( 21 ) which is inclined to the vertical against an earth backfill ( 22 ) and in which the individual molded blocks ( 20 ) are arranged one above the other in layers. The molded block ( 20 ) is formed as a cavity block in such a way that, with the molded blocks ( 20 ) arranged offset in relation to one another in layers in a supporting wall ( 21 ), the load-transferring regions of the molded blocks ( 20 ) arranged above or below one another are arranged essentially in line in the load-transferring direction. This makes it possible for supporting walls to be built from molded blocks with considerably larger apertures than in the prior art, with the same or greater load-bearing capacity.

1 . A molded block of concrete for building a supporting wall ( 21 ) which is inclined to the vertical against an earth backfill ( 22 ) and in which the individual molded blocks are arranged one above the other in layers, characterized in that the molded block ( 20 ) is formed as a cavity block with at least one cavity or a vertically directed aperture ( 27 ,  28 ,  29 ), the, or essentially each, cavity or aperture ( 27 ,  28 ,  29 ) being arranged in such a way that, with the molded blocks ( 20 ) arranged offset in relation to one another in layers in a supporting wall ( 21 ), preferably the essentially load-transferring regions of the molded blocks ( 20 ) arranged above or below one another are arranged essentially in line in the load-transferring direction. 
   
   
       2 . The molded block as claimed in  claim 1 , characterized in that the molded block ( 20 ) is trapezoidally formed in horizontal projection. 
   
   
       3 . The molded block as claimed in  claim 1 , characterized in that the or each cavity or aperture ( 27 ,  28 ,  29 ) extends continuously from an upper side ( 25 ) to an underside ( 26 ) of the molded block ( 20 ). 
   
   
       4 . The molded block as claimed in  claim 1 , characterized in that a number of cavities or apertures ( 27 ,  28 ,  29 ), which are separated from one another by webs ( 31 ) directed obliquely in horizontal projection, are provided in such a way that the cavities or apertures ( 27 ,  28 ,  29 ) are triangularly or trapezoidally formed in horizontal projection. 
   
   
       5 . The molded block as claimed in  claim 1 , characterized in that the molded block has three cavities or apertures ( 27 ,  28 ,  29 ), which are separated from one another by two webs ( 31 ) which run from two corner regions on one side face ( 24 ) of the molded block ( 20 ) approximately to the center of the opposite side face ( 24 ) of the molded block ( 20 ). 
   
   
       6 . The molded block as claimed in  claim 4 , characterized in that the webs ( 31 ) finish flush with an upper side ( 25 ) and an underside ( 26 ) of the molded block ( 20 ). 
   
   
       7 . The molded block as claimed in  claim 1 , characterized in that at least one upright side face ( 24 ) of the molded block ( 20 ) has a specially formed surface as a visible side ( 35 ) of the supporting wall ( 21 ). 
   
   
       8 . The molded block as claimed in  claim 1 , characterized in that the molded block ( 20 ) has in the region of an underside ( 26 ) and/or an upper side ( 25 ) at least one depression ( 32 ) formed for receiving connecting means ( 33 ) for the molded blocks ( 20 ). 
   
   
       9 . The molded block as claimed in  claim 8 , characterized in that the depressions ( 32 ) extend from one upright side face ( 23 ) to an opposite upright side face ( 23 ) of the molded block ( 20 ) and are arranged at a distance from other side faces ( 24 ) of the molded block ( 20 ) to form visible sides. 
   
   
       10 . The molded block as claimed in  claim 8 , characterized in that the depressions ( 32 ) run parallel to a visible side ( 36 ) of the supporting wall ( 21 ). 
   
   
       11 . The molded block as claimed in  claim 8 , characterized in that the depressions ( 32 ) are formed in walls ( 30 ) and webs ( 31 ) of the molded block ( 20 ) that are formed between the apertures ( 27 ,  28 ,  29 ). 
   
   
       12 . The molded block as claimed in  claim 8 , characterized in that the depressions ( 32 ) are arranged along an imaginary continuous axis and in that further the depressions ( 32 ) are preferably arranged in a second parallel axis. 
   
   
       13 . A supporting wall comprising molded blocks ( 20 ) of concrete, which is inclined to the vertical against an earth backfill ( 22 ) and in which the individual molded blocks ( 20 ) are arranged one above the other in layers, characterized by the use of molded blocks ( 20 ), wherein each molded block ( 20 ) is formed as a cavity block with at least one cavity or a vertically directed aperture ( 27 ,  28 ,  29 ), the, or essentially each, cavity or aperture ( 27 ,  28 ,  29 ) being arranged in such a way that, with the molded blocks ( 20 ) arranged offset in relation to one another in layers in a supporting wall ( 21 ), preferably the essentially load-transferring regions of the molded blocks ( 20 ) arranged above or below one another are arranged essentially in line in the load-transferring direction. 
   
   
       14 . The supporting wall as claimed in  claim 13 , characterized in that the supporting wall ( 21 ) comprises at least a front wall ( 39 ) of molded blocks ( 20 ) and a rear wall ( 40 ) of molded blocks ( 20 ), with the molded blocks ( 20 ) of the rear wall ( 40 ) and the molded blocks ( 20 ) of the front wall ( 39 ) being connected to one another by connecting means ( 33 ). 
   
   
       15 . The supporting wall as claimed in  claim 14 , characterized in that the connecting means ( 33 ) are positioned in depressions ( 32 ) of the molded blocks ( 20 ), in such a way that the molded blocks ( 20 ) of the front wall ( 39 ) and of the rear wall ( 40 ) that are positioned approximately at the same height are respectively connected to one another. 
   
   
       16 . The supporting wall as claimed in  claim 14 , characterized in that the molded blocks ( 20 ) of the rear wall ( 40 ) are embedded in the earth backfill ( 22 ) and preferably covered by it. 
   
   
       17 . The supporting wall as claimed in  claim 14 , characterized in that the connecting means ( 33 ) are formed in an annular manner and are in engagement with depressions ( 32 ) in the region of mutually facing side faces ( 24 ) of the molded blocks ( 20 ) of the front wall ( 39 ) and rear wall ( 40 ). 
   
   
       18 . The supporting wall as claimed in  claim 14 , characterized in that the connecting means ( 33 ) connect the molded blocks ( 20 ) of the rear wall ( 40 ) and of the front wall ( 39 ) jointedly to one another for the transfer of tensile forces.