Radiation-curable coating compositions, composite and plastic materials coated with said compositions and methods for their preparation

Abstract

Curable coating composition suitable for use on composite substrates such as plastic composites, cementitious composites, ceramic composites, and engineered wood, or on plastic materials. The curable coating composition comprises a multifunctional oligomer, a monomer selected from the group consisting of monofunctional monomers, difunctional monomers and mixtures thereof, a photoinitiator, a polyester resin and a polycarboxylic acid. Also disclosed is a method of coating the substrates with the curable coating composition and a coated substrate wherein the cured coating resides on the surface of the substrate.

1 . A curable coating composition comprising a multifunctional oligomer, a monomer selected from the group consisting of monofunctional monomers, difunctional monomers and mixtures thereof, a photoinitiator, a polyester resin and a polycarboxylic acid. 
     
     
         2 . The curable coating composition of  claim 1 , wherein the multifunctional oligomer comprises about 10% to about 80% by weight of the composition, the monomer comprises about 25% to about 75% by weight of the composition, the photoinitiator comprises 0.001% to about 6% by weight of the composition, the polyester resin comprises about 1% to about 20% by weight of the composition, and the polycarboxylic acid comprises about 0.01% to about 10% by weight of the composition. 
     
     
         3 . The curable coating composition of  claim 1 , wherein the composition is substantially free of organic solvent. 
     
     
         4 . The curable coating composition of  claim 2  further comprising a supplemental adhesion promoter, and wherein the multifunctional oligomer comprises about 15% to about 60% by weight of the composition, the monomer comprises about 30% to about 65% by weight of the composition, the photoinitiator comprises 0.001% to about 6% by weight of the composition, the polyester resin comprises about 1% to about 15% by weight of the composition, the polycarboxylic acid comprises about 0.01% to about 5% by weight of the composition, and the supplemental adhesion promoter comprises about 0.1% to about 20% by weight of the composition. 
     
     
         5 . The curable coating composition of  claim 1 , wherein the multifunctional oligomer is a trifunctional aliphatic polyester urethane acrylate oligomer and has a molecular weight of from about 1,200 to about 3,000. 
     
     
         6 . The curable coating composition of  claim 5 , wherein the monomer is selected from the group consisting of isobornyl acrylate, isodecyl acrylate, 1,6 hexanediol diacrylate, and mixtures thereof. 
     
     
         7 . The curable coating composition of  claim 6 , wherein the photoinitiator is selected from the group consisting of phenylbis(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)-phosphine oxide, 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenyl-1-propanone, 1-hydroxy-cyclohexylphenylketone, phosphine derivatives, and mixtures thereof. 
     
     
         8 . The curable coating composition of  claim 4 , wherein the multifunctional oligomer comprises a trifunctional aliphatic polyester urethane acrylate oligomer and has a molecular weight from about 1,200 to about 3,000, the monomer is selected from the group consisting of isobornyl acrylate, isodecyl acrylate, 1,6 hexanediol diacrylate and mixtures thereof, the photoinitiator is selected from the group consisting of phenylbis(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)-phosphine oxide, 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenyl-1-propanone, 1-hydroxy-cyclohexylphenylketone, phosphine derivatives and mixtures thereof, the polycarboxylic acid is unsaturated, and the supplemental adhesion promoter is selected from the group consisting of a phosphoric acid ester, an acrylic, an acrylic acrylate, and mixtures thereof. 
     
     
         9 . The curable coating composition of  claim 4 , wherein the multifunctional oligomer comprises about 20% to about 55% by weight of the composition, the monomer comprises about 30% to about 55% by weight of the composition, the photoinitiator comprises 0.001% to about 6% by weight of the composition, the polyester resin comprises about 1% to about 10% by weight of the composition, the polycarboxylic acid comprises about 0.01% to about 3% by weight of the composition, and the supplemental adhesion promoter comprises about 0.1% to about 20% by weight of the composition, and wherein the monomer comprises at least about 50% by weight of a monofunctional monomer. 
     
     
         10 . The curable coating composition of  claim 9 , wherein the multifunctional oligomer comprises a trifunctional aliphatic polyester urethane acrylate oligomer and has a molecular weight from about 1,200 to about 3,000, the monomer is selected from the group consisting of isobornyl acrylate, isodecyl acrylate, 1,6 hexanediol diacrylate and mixtures thereof, the photoinitiator is selected from the group consisting of phenylbis(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)-phosphine oxide, 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenyl-1-propanone, 1-hydroxy-cyclohexylphenylketone, phosphine derivatives, and mixtures thereof, and the supplemental adhesion promoter is selected from the group consisting of a phosphoric acid ester, an acrylic, and acrylic acrylate, and mixtures thereof. 
     
     
         11 . The curable coating composition of  claim 1  further comprising a colorant. 
     
     
         12 . The curable coating composition of  claim 11 , wherein the multifunctional oligomer comprises about 15% to about 60% by weight of the composition, the monomer comprises about 30% to about 65% by weight of the composition, the photoinitiator comprises 0.001% to about 6% by weight of the composition, the polyester resin comprises about 1% to about 10% by weight of the composition, and the polycarboxylic acid comprises about 0.01% to about 5% by weight of the composition. 
     
     
         13 . The curable coating composition of  claim 11 , wherein the colorant is a pigment, the curable coating comprises a monofunctional monomer and a difunctional monomer, and wherein the weight ratio of the monofunctional monomer to the difunctional monomer ranges from about 1:1 to about 5:1. 
     
     
         14 . The curable coating composition of  claim 12  further comprising an adhesion promoter, wherein the multifunctional oligomer comprises a trifunctional aliphatic polyester urethane acrylate oligomer and has a molecular weight from about 1,200 to about 3,000, the monomer is selected from the group consisting of isobornyl acrylate, isodecyl acrylate, 1,6 hexanediol diacrylate and mixtures thereof, the photoinitiator is selected from the group consisting of phenylbis(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)-phosphine oxide, 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenyl-1-propanone, 1-hydroxy-cyclohexylphenylketone, phosphine derivatives and mixtures thereof, the polycarboxylic acid is unsaturated, the supplemental adhesion promoter is selected from the group consisting of a phosphoric acid ester, an acrylic, an acrylic acrylate, and mixtures thereof, and the colorant is a pigment. 
     
     
         15 . The curable coating composition of  claim 14 , wherein the multifunctional oligomer comprises about 40% to about 60% by weight of the composition, the monomer comprises about 35% to about 55% by weight of the composition, the photoinitiator comprises 0.001% to about 4% by weight of the composition, the polyester resin comprises about 1% to about 10% by weight of the composition, the polycarboxylic acid comprises about 0.01% to about 3% by weight of the composition, the supplemental adhesion promoter comprises about 0.1% to about 3% by weight of the composition, and the pigment comprises about 0.1% to about 10% by weight of the composition, and wherein the monomer comprises at least about 50% by weight of a monofunctional monomer. 
     
     
         16 . The curable coating composition of  claim 1  further comprising an aesthetic agent. 
     
     
         17 . The curable coating composition of  claim 16 , wherein the multifunctional oligomer comprises about 15% to about 50% by weight of the composition, the monomer comprises about 30% to about 70% by weight of the composition, the photoinitiator comprises 0.001% to about 6% by weight of the composition, the polyester resin comprises about 1% to about 10% by weight of the composition, the polycarboxylic acid comprises about 0.01% to about 5% by weight of the composition, and the aesthetic agent comprises about 0.1% to about 30% by weight of the composition. 
     
     
         18 . The curable coating composition of  claim 16 , wherein the curable coating comprises a monofunctional monomer and a difunctional monomer, and wherein the weight ratio of the monofunctional monomer to the difunctional monomer ranges from about 20:1 to about 5:1. 
     
     
         19 . The curable coating composition of  claim 17  further comprising a supplemental adhesion promoter, wherein the multifunctional oligomer comprises a trifunctional aliphatic polyester urethane acrylate oligomer and has a molecular weight from about 1,200 to about 3,000, the monomer is selected from the group consisting of isobomyl acrylate, isodecyl acrylate, 1,6hexanediol diacrylate and mixtures thereof, the photoinitiator is selected from the group consisting of phenylbis(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)-phosphine oxide, 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenyl-1-propanone, 1-hydroxy-cyclohexylphenylketone, phosphine derivatives and mixtures thereof, the polycarboxylic acid is unsaturated, the supplemental adhesion promoter is selected from the group consisting of a phosphoric acid ester, an acrylic acrylate, and mixtures thereof, and the aesthetic agent is a gloss reducing agent selected from the group consisting of silica sand, silica, talc and mixtures thereof. 
     
     
         20 . The curable coating composition of  claim 19 , wherein the multifunctional oligomer comprises about 20% to about 30% by weight of the composition, the monomer comprises about 50% to about 60% by weight of the composition, the photoinitiator comprises 0.001% to about 4% by weight of the composition, the polyester resin comprises about 1% to about 10% by weight of the composition, the polycarboxylic acid comprises about 0.01% to about 3% by weight of the composition, the supplemental adhesion promoter comprises about 0.1% to about 3% by weight of the composition, and the aesthetic agent comprises about 0.1% to about 25% by weight of the composition. 
     
     
         21 . The curable coating composition of  claim 16  further comprising a colorant. 
     
     
         22 . The curable coating composition of  claim 21 , wherein the multifunctional oligomer comprises about 15% to about 50% by weight of the composition, the monomer comprises about 30% to about 60% by weight of the composition, the photoinitiator comprises 0.001% to about 6% by weight of the composition, the polyester resin comprises about 1% to about 10% by weight of the composition, the polycarboxylic acid comprises about 0.01% to about 5% by weight of the composition, the aesthetic agent comprises about 0.1% to about 30% by weight of the composition, and the colorant comprises about 0.1% to about 15% by weight of the composition. 
     
     
         23 . The curable coating composition of  claim 22  further comprising a supplemental adhesion promoter, wherein the multifunctional oligomer comprises a trifunctional aliphatic polyester urethane acrylate oligomer and has a molecular weight from about 1,200 to about 3,000, the monomer is selected from the group consisting of isobomyl acrylate, isodecyl acrylate, 1,6 hexanediol diacrylate and mixtures thereof, the photoinitiator is selected from the group consisting of phenylbis(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)-phosphine oxide, 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenyl-1-propanone, 1-hydroxy-cyclohexylphenylketone, phosphine derivatives and mixtures thereof, the polycarboxylic acid is unsaturated, the supplemental adhesion promoter is selected from the group consisting of a phosphoric acid ester, an acrylic, an acrylic acrylate, and mixtures thereof, the aesthetic agent is selected from the group consisting of silica sand, quartz grit, silica, talc and mixtures thereof, and the colorant comprises a pigment. 
     
     
         24 . The curable coating composition of  claim 23 , wherein the multifunctional oligomer comprises about 20% to about 30% by weight of the composition, the monomer comprises about 30% to about 45% by weight of the composition, the photoinitiator comprises 0.001% to about 6% by weight of the composition, the polyester resin comprises about 1% to about 10% by weight of the composition, the polycarboxylic acid comprises about 0.01% to about 3% by weight of the composition, the supplemental adhesion promoter comprises about 0.1% to about 20% by weight of the composition, the aesthetic agent comprises about 0.1% to about 20% by weight of the composition and the pigment comprises about 0.1% to about 5% by weight of the composition. 
     
     
         25 . The curable coating composition of  claim 1 , wherein the composition comprises no more than about 5% by weight of an organic solvent. 
     
     
         26 . The curable coating composition of  claim 25 , wherein the composition comprises no more than about 1% by weight of an organic solvent. 
     
     
         27 . A method for providing a substrate with a cured coating comprising applying a curable coating composition onto a composite substrate and curing the coating composition, wherein the curable coating composition comprises a multifunctional oligomer, a monomer selected from the group consisting of monofunctional monomers, difunctional monomers and mixtures thereof, a photoinitiator, a polyester resin and a polycarboxylic acid. 
     
     
         28 . The method of  claim 27 , wherein the multifunctional oligomer comprises about 10% to about 80% by weight of the composition, the monomer comprises about 25% to about 75% by weight of the composition, the photoinitiator comprises 0.001% to about 6% by weight of the composition, the polyester resin comprises about 1% to about 20% by weight of the composition, and the polycarboxylic acid comprises about 0.01% to about 10% by weight of the composition. 
     
     
         29 . The method of  claim 26 , wherein the composition is substantially free of organic solvent. 
     
     
         30 . The method of  claim 26 , wherein the composition comprises no more than about 5% by weight of an organic solvent. 
     
     
         31 . The method of  claim 30 , wherein the composition comprises no more than about 1% by weight of an organic solvent. 
     
     
         32 . The method of  claim 28 , wherein the composition comprises a supplemental adhesion promoter, and wherein the multifunctional oligomer comprises about 15% to about 60% by weight of the composition, the monomer comprises about 30% to about 65% by weight of the composition, the photoinitiator comprises 0.001% to about 6% by weight of the composition, the polyester resin comprises about 1% to about 15% by weight of the composition, the polycarboxylic acid comprises about 0.01% to about 5% by weight of the composition, and the supplemental adhesion promoter comprises about 0.1% to about 20% by weight of the composition. 
     
     
         33 . The method of  claim 27 , wherein the multifunctional oligomer is a trifunctional aliphatic polyester urethane acrylate oligomer and has a molecular weight of from about 1,200 to about 3,000. 
     
     
         34 . The method of  claim 33 , wherein the monomer is selected from the group consisting of isobornyl acrylate, isodecyl acrylate, 1,6 hexanediol diacrylate, and mixtures thereof. 
     
     
         35 . The method of  claim 34 , wherein the photoinitiator is selected from the group consisting of phenylbis(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)-phosphine oxide, 1-hydroxy-cyclohexylphenylketone, 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenyl-1-propanone, phosphine derivatives and mixtures thereof. 
     
     
         36 . The method of  claim 32 , wherein the multifunctional oligomer comprises a trifunctional aliphatic polyester urethane acrylate oligomer and has a molecular weight from about 1,200 to about 3,000, the monomer is selected from the group consisting of isobomyl acrylate, isodecyl acrylate, 1,6 hexanediol diacrylate and mixtures thereof, the photoinitiator is selected from the group consisting of phenylbis(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)-phosphine oxide, 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenyl-1-propanone, 1-hydroxy-cyclohexylphenylketone, phosphine derivatives and mixtures thereof, the polycarboxylic acid is unsaturated, and the supplemental adhesion promoter is selected from the group consisting of a phosphoric acid ester, an acrylic, and acrylic acrylate, and mixtures thereof. 
     
     
         37 . The method of  claim 32 , wherein the multifunctional oligomer comprises about 20% to about 55% by weight of the composition, the monomer comprises about 30% to about 55% by weight of the composition, the photoinitiator comprises 0.001% to about 6% by weight of the composition, the polyester resin comprises about 1% to about 10% by weight of the composition, the polycarboxylic acid comprises about 0.01% to about 3% by weight of the composition, and the supplemental adhesion promoter is selected from the group consisting of a phosphoric acid ester, an acrylic, and acrylic acrylate, and mixtures thereof, and wherein the monomer comprises at least about 50% by weight of a monofunctional monomer. 
     
     
         38 . The method of  claim 37 , wherein the multifunctional oligomer comprises a trifunctional aliphatic polyester urethane acrylate oligomer and has a molecular weight from about 1,200 to about 3,000, the monomer is selected from the group consisting of isobornyl acrylate, isodecyl acrylate, 1,6 hexanediol diacrylate and mixtures thereof, the photoinitiator is selected from the group consisting of phenylbis(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)-phosphine oxide, 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenyl-1-propanone, 1-hydroxy-cyclohexylphenylketone, phosphine derivatives and mixtures thereof, the polycarboxylic acid is unsaturated, and the supplemental adhesion promoter is selected from the group consisting of a phosphoric acid ester, an acrylic, an acrylic acrylate, and mixtures thereof. 
     
     
         39 . The method of  claim 27  further comprising a colorant. 
     
     
         40 . The curable coating composition of  claim 39 , wherein the colorant is a pigment, the curable coating comprises a monofunctional monomer and a difunctional monomer, and wherein the weight ratio of the monofunctional monomer to the difunctional monomer ranges from about 1:1 to about 5:1. 
     
     
         41 . The method of  claim 39 , wherein the multifunctional oligomer comprises about 15% to about 60% by weight of the composition, the monomer comprises about 30% to about 65% by weight of the composition, the photoinitiator comprises 0.001% to about 6% by weight of the composition, the polyester resin comprises about 1% to about 10% by weight of the composition, and the polycarboxylic acid comprises about 0.01% to about 10% by weight of the composition. 
     
     
         42 . The method of  claim 41 , wherein the composition further comprises an adhesion promoter, wherein the multifunctional oligomer comprises a trifunctional aliphatic polyester urethane acrylate oligomer and has a molecular weight from about 1,200 to about 3,000, the monomer is selected from the group consisting of isobornyl acrylate, isodecyl acrylate, 1,6 hexanediol diacrylate and mixtures thereof, the photoinitiator is selected from the group consisting of phenylbis(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)-phosphine oxide, 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenyl-1-propanone, 1-hydroxy-cyclohexylphenylketone, phosphine derivatives and mixtures thereof, the polycarboxylic acid is unsaturated, the supplemental adhesion promoter is selected from the group consisting of a phosphoric acid ester, an acrylic, an acrylic acrylate, and mixtures thereof, and the colorant is a pigment. 
     
     
         43 . The method of  claim 42 , wherein the multifunctional oligomer comprises about 40%l to about 60% by weight of the composition, the monomer comprises about 35% to about 55% by weight of the composition, the photoinitiator comprises 0.001% to about 4% by weight of the composition, the polyester resin comprises about 1% to about 10% by weight of the composition, the polycarboxylic acid comprises about 0.01% to about 5% by weight of the composition, the supplemental adhesion promoter comprises about 0.1% to about 3% by weight of the composition, and the pigment comprises about 0.1% to about 10% by weight of the composition, and wherein the monomer comprises at least about 50% by weight of a monofunctional monomer. 
     
     
         44 . The method of  claim 27 , wherein the coating composition further comprises an aesthetic agent. 
     
     
         45 . The method of  claim 44 , wherein the curable coating comprises a monofunctional monomer and a difunctional monomer, and wherein the weight ratio of the monofunctional monomer to the difunctional monomer ranges from about 20:1 to about 5:1. 
     
     
         46 . The method of  claim 44 , wherein the multifunctional oligomer comprises about 15% to about 45% by weight of the composition, the monomer comprises about 30% to about 70% by weight of the composition, the photoinitiator comprises 0.001% to about 6% by weight of the composition, the polyester resin comprises about 1% to about 10% by weight of the composition, the polycarboxylic acid comprises about 0.01% to about 5% by weight of the composition, and the aesthetic agent comprises about 0.1% to about 30% by weight of the composition. 
     
     
         47 . The method of  claim 46 , wherein the coating composition further comprises a supplemental adhesion promoter, wherein the multifunctional oligomer comprises a trifunctional aliphatic polyester urethane acrylate oligomer and has a molecular weight from about 1,200 to about 3,000, the monomer is selected from the group consisting of isobornyl acrylate, isodecyl acrylate, 1,6 hexanediol diacrylate and mixtures thereof, the photoinitiator is selected from the group consisting of phenylbis(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)-phosphine oxide, 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenyl-1-propanone, 1-hydroxy-cyclohexylphenylketone, phosphine derivatives and mixtures thereof, the polycarboxylic acid is unsaturated, the supplemental adhesion promoter is selected from the group consisting of a phosphoric acid ester, an an acrylic, an acrylic acrylate, and mixtures thereof, and the aesthetic agent is selected from the group consisting of silica sand, quartz grit. silica, talc and mixtures thereof. 
     
     
         48 . The method of  claim 47 , wherein the multifunctional oligomer comprises about 20% to about 30% by weight of the composition, the monomer comprises about 50% to about 60% by weight of the composition, the photoinitiator comprises 0.001% to about 4% by weight of the composition, the polyester resin comprises about 1% to about 10% by weight of the composition, the polycarboxylic acid comprises about 0.01% to about 3% by weight of the composition, the supplemental adhesion promoter comprises about 0.1% to about 3% by weight of the composition, and the aesthetic agent comprises about 0.1% to about 20% by weight of the composition. 
     
     
         49 . The method of  claim 44 , wherein the coating composition further comprises a colorant. 
     
     
         50 . The method of  claim 49 , wherein the multifunctional oligomer comprises about 15% to about 45% by weight of the composition, the monomer comprises about 30% to about 60% by weight of the composition, the photoinitiator comprises 0.001% to about 6% by weight of the composition, the polyester resin comprises about 1% to about 10% by weight of the composition, the polycarboxylic acid comprises about 0.01% to about 5% by weight of the composition, the aesthetic agent comprises about 0.1% to about 30% by weight of the composition, and the colorant comprises about 0.1% to about 15% by weight of the composition. 
     
     
         51 . The method of  claim 50 , wherein the coating composition further comprises a supplemental adhesion promoter, wherein the multifunctional oligomer comprises a trifunctional aliphatic polyester urethane acrylate oligomer and has a molecular weight from about 1,200 to about 3,000, the monomer is selected from the group consisting of isobornyl acrylate, isodecyl acrylate, 1,6 hexanediol diacrylate and mixtures thereof, the photoinitiator is selected from the group consisting of phenylbis(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)-phosphine oxide, 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenyl-1-propanone, -hydroxy-cyclohexylphenylketone, phosphine derivatives and mixtures thereof, the polycarboxylic acid is unsaturated, the supplemental adhesion promoter is selected from the group consisting of a phosphoric acid ester, an acrylic, an acrylic acrylate, and mixtures thereof, the aesthetic agent is selected from the group consisting of silica sand, quartz grit, silica, talc, and mixtures thereof, and the colorant comprises a pigment. 
     
     
         52 . The method of  claim 51 , wherein the multifunctional oligomer comprises about 20% to about 30% by weight of the composition, the monomer comprises about 30% to about 45% by weight of the composition, the photoinitiator comprises 0.001% to about 6% by weight of the composition, the polyester resin comprises about 1% to about 10% by weight of the composition, the polycarboxylic acid comprises about 0.01% to about 3% by weight of the composition, the supplemental adhesion promoter comprises about 0.1% to about 20% by weight of the composition, the aesthetic agent comprises about 0.1% to about 20% by weight of the composition, and the pigment comprises about 0.1% to about 5% of the composition. 
     
     
         53 . The method of  claim 27 , wherein the composite substrate is not primed prior to the application of the curable coating onto the substrate. 
     
     
         54 . The method of  claim 27 , wherein the curable coating is cured using UV radiation. 
     
     
         55 . The method of  claim 54 , wherein the coated substrate is cured using at least two different UV wavelengths. 
     
     
         56 . The method of  claim 27 , wherein the composite substrate is a plastic composite substrate. 
     
     
         57 . The method of  claim 27 , wherein the composite substrate is a cementitious composite substrate. 
     
     
         58 . The method of  claim 27 , wherein the composite substrate is a ceramic composite substrate. 
     
     
         59 . The method of  claim 27 , wherein the composite substrate is a PVC composite substrate. 
     
     
         60 . The method of  claim 27 , wherein the composite substrate is engineered wood. 
     
     
         61 . A coated composite substrate comprising a composite substrate and a cured coating on the surface of the substrate, wherein the cured coating is formed by curing a curable coating composition comprising a multifunctional oligomer, a monomer selected from the group consisting of monofunctional monomers, difunctional monomers and mixtures thereof, a photoinitiator, a polyester resin and a polycarboxylic acid. 
     
     
         62 . The coated composite substrate of  claim 61 , wherein the multifunctional oligomer comprises about 10% to about 80% by weight of the composition, the monomer comprises about 25% to about 75% by weight of the composition, the photoinitiator comprises 0.001% to about 6% by weight of the composition, the polyester resin comprises about 1% to about 20% by weight of the composition, and the polycarboxylic acid comprises about 0.01% to about 10% by weight of the composition. 
     
     
         63 . The coated composite substrate of  claim 61 , wherein the composition is substantially free of solvent. 
     
     
         64 . The coated composite substrate of  claim 61 , wherein the composition comprises no more than about 5% by weight of an organic solvent. 
     
     
         65 . The coated composite substrate of  claim 64 , wherein the composition comprises no more than about 1% by weight of an organic solvent. 
     
     
         66 . The coated composite substrate of  claim 63 , wherein the coating composition further comprises a supplemental adhesion promoter, the multifunctional oligomer comprises about 25% to about 60% by weight of the composition, the monomer comprises about 30% to about 65% by weight of the composition, the photoinitiator comprises 0.001% to about 6% by weight of the composition, the polyester resin comprises about 1% to about 15% by weight of the composition, the polycarboxylic acid comprises about 0.01% to about 5% by weight of the composition, and the supplemental adhesion promoter comprises about 0.1% to about 5% by weight of the composition. 
     
     
         67 . The coated composite substrate of  claim 61 , wherein the multifunctional oligomer is a trifunctional aliphatic polyester urethane acrylate oligomer and has a molecular weight of from about 1,200 to about 3,000. 
     
     
         68 . The coated composite substrate of  claim 67 , wherein the monomer is selected from the group consisting of isobornyl acrylate, isodecyl acrylate, 1,6 hexanediol diacrylate, and mixtures thereof. 
     
     
         69 . The coated composite substrate of  claim 68 , wherein the photoinitiator is selected from the group consisting of phenylbis(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)-phosphine oxide, 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenyl-1-propanone, 1-hydroxy-cyclohexylphenylketone, phosphine derivatives, and mixtures thereof. 
     
     
         70 . The coated composite substrate of  claim 66 , wherein the multifunctional oligomer comprises a trifunctional aliphatic polyester urethane acrylate oligomer and has a molecular weight from about 1,200 to about 3,000, the monomer is selected from the group consisting of isobornyl acrylate, isodecyl acrylate, 1,6 hexanediol diacrylate and mixtures thereof, the photoinitiator is selected from the group consisting of phenylbis(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)-phosphine oxide, 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenyl-1-propanone, 1-hydroxy-cyclohexylphenylketone, phosphine derivatives and mixtures thereof, the polycarboxylic acid is unsaturated, and the supplemental adhesion is selected from the group consisting of a phosphoric acid ester, an acrylic, an acrylic acrylate and mixtures thereof. 
     
     
         71 . The coated composite substrate of  claim 66 , wherein the multifunctional oligomer comprises about 20% to about 55% by weight of the composition, the monomer comprises about 30% to about 55% by weight of the composition, the photoinitiator comprises 0.001% to about 4% by weight of the composition, the polyester resin comprises about 1% to about 10% by weight of the composition, the polycarboxylic acid comprises about 0.01% to about 5% by weight of the composition, and the supplemental adhesion promoter comprises about 0.1% to about 20% by weight of the composition, and wherein the monomer comprises at least about 50% by weight of a monofunctional monomer. 
     
     
         72 . The coated composite substrate of  claim 71 , wherein the multifunctional oligomer comprises a trifunctional aliphatic polyester urethane acrylate oligomer and has a molecular weight from about 1,200 to about 3,000, the monomer is selected from the group consisting of isobornyl acrylate, isodecyl acrylate, 1,6 hexanediol diacrylate and mixtures thereof, the photoinitiator is selected from the group consisting of phenylbis(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)-phosphine oxide, 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenyl-1-propanone, 1-hydroxy-cyclohexylphenylketone, phosphine derivatives and mixtures thereof, the polycarboxylic acid is unsaturated, and the supplemental adhesion promoter is selected from the group consisting of a phosphoric acid ester, an acrylic, an acrylic acrylate, and mixtures thereof. 
     
     
         73 . The coated composite substrate of  claim 61  further comprising a colorant. 
     
     
         74 . The coated composite substrate of  claim 73 , wherein the colorant is a pigment, the curable coating comprises a monofunctional monomer and a difunctional monomer, and wherein the weight ratio of the monofunctional monomer to the difunctional monomer ranges from about 1:1 to about 5:1. 
     
     
         75 . The coated composite substrate of  claim 73 , wherein the multifunctional oligomer comprises about 15% to about 60% by weight of the composition, the monomer comprises about 30% to about 65% by weight of the composition, the photoinitiator comprises 0.001% to about 6% by weight of the composition, the polyester resin comprises about 1% to about 10% by weight of the composition, and the polycarboxylic acid comprises about 0.01% to about 5% by weight of the composition. 
     
     
         76 . The coated composite substrate of  claim 75 , wherein the coating composition further comprises a supplemental adhesion promoter, wherein the multifunctional oligomer comprises a trifunctional aliphatic polyester urethane acrylate oligomer and has a molecular weight from about 1,200 to about 3,000, the monomer is selected from the group consisting of isobomyl acrylate, isodecyl acrylate, 1,6 hexanediol diacrylate and mixtures thereof, the photoinitiator is selected from the group consisting of phenylbis(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)-phosphine oxide, 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenyl-1-propanone, 1-hydroxy-cyclohexylphenylketone, phosphine derivatives and mixtures thereof, the polycarboxylic acid is unsaturated, the supplemental adhesion promoter is selected from the group consisting of a phosphoric acid ester, an acrylic, an acrylic acrylate and mixtures thereof, and the colorant is a pigment. 
     
     
         77 . The coated composite substrate of  claim 76 , wherein the multifunctional oligomer comprises about 40%l to about 60% by weight of the composition, the monomer comprises about 35% to about 55% by weight of the composition, the photoinitiator comprises 0.001% to about 4% by weight of the composition, the polyester resin comprises about 1% to about 10% by weight of the composition, the polycarboxylic acid comprises about 0.01% to about 3% by weight of the composition, the supplemental adhesion promoter comprises about 0.1% to about 3% by weight of the composition, and the pigment comprises about 0.1% to about 10% by weight of the composition, and wherein the monomer comprises at least about 50% by weight of a monofunctional monomer. 
     
     
         78 . The coated composite substrate of  claim 61 , wherein the coating composition further comprises an aesthetic agent. 
     
     
         79 . The coated composite substrate of  claim 78 , wherein the curable coating comprises a monofunctional monomer and a difunctional monomer, and wherein the weight ratio of the monofunctional monomer to the difunctional monomer ranges from about 20:1 to about 5:1. 
     
     
         80 . The coated composite substrate of  claim 78 , wherein the multifunctional oligomer comprises about 15% to about 45% by weight of the composition, the monomer comprises about 30% to about 70% by weight of the composition, the photoinitiator comprises 0.001% to about 6% by weight of the composition, the polyester resin comprises about 1% to about 10% by weight of the composition, the polycarboxylic acid comprises about 0.01% to about 5% by weight of the composition, and the aesthetic agent comprises about 0.1% to about 30% by weight of the composition. 
     
     
         81 . The coated composite substrate of  claim 80 , wherein the coating composition further comprises a polycarboxylic acid and an adhesion promoter, wherein the multifunctional oligomer comprises a trifunctional aliphatic polyester urethane acrylate oligomer and has a molecular weight from about 1,200 to about 3,000, the monomer is selected from the group consisting of isobornyl acrylate, isodecyl acrylate, 1,6 hexanediol diacrylate and mixtures thereof, the photoinitiator is selected from the group consisting of phenylbis(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)-phosphine oxide, 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenyl-1-propanone, 1-hydroxy-cyclohexylphenylketone, phosphine derivatives and mixtures thereof, the supplemental adhesion promoter is selected from the group consisting of a phosphoric acid ester, an acrylic, an acrylic acrylate, and mixtures thereof, the polycarboxylic acid is unsaturated, and the aesthetic agent is chosen from the group consisting of silica sand, quartz grit, silica, talc, or mixtures thereof 
     
     
         82 . The coated composite substrate of  claim 81 , wherein the multifunctional oligomer comprises about 20% to about 30% by weight of the composition, the monomer comprises about 50% to about 60% by weight of the composition, the photoinitiator comprises 0.001% to about 4% by weight of the composition, the polyester resin comprises about 1% to about 10% by weight of the composition, the polycarboxylic acid comprises about 0.01% to about 3% by weight of the composition, the supplemental adhesion promoter comprises about 0.1% to about 3% by weight of the composition, and the aesthetic agent comprises about 0.1% to about 20% by weight of the composition. 
     
     
         83 . The coated composite substrate of  claim 78 , wherein the coating composition further comprises a colorant. 
     
     
         84 . The coated composite substrate of  claim 83 , wherein the multifunctional oligomer comprises about 15% to about 45% by weight of the composition, the monomer comprises about 30% to about 60% by weight of the composition, the photoinitiator comprises 0.001% to about 6% by weight of the composition, the polyester resin comprises about 1% to about 10% by weight of the composition, the polycarboxylic acid comprises about 0.01% to about 5% by weight of the composition, the aesthetic agent comprises about 0.1% to about 30% by weight of the composition, and the colorant comprises about 0.1% to about 15% by weight of the composition. 
     
     
         85 . The coated composite substrate of  claim 84 , wherein the coating composition further comprises a supplemental adhesion promoter, wherein the multifunctional oligomer comprises a trifunctional aliphatic polyester urethane acrylate oligomer and has a molecular weight from about 1,200 to about 3,000, the monomer is selected from the group consisting of isobomyl acrylate, isodecyl acrylate, 1,6 hexanediol diacrylate and mixtures thereof, the photoinitiator is selected from the group consisting of phenylbis(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)-phosphine oxide, 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenyl-1-propanone, 1-hydroxy-cyclohexylphenylketone, phosphine derivatives and mixtures thereof, the polycarboxylic acid is unsaturated, the supplemental adhesion promoter is selected from the group consisting of a phosphoric acid ester, an acrylic, an acrylic acrylate, and mixtures thereof, the aesthetic agent is selected from the group consisting of silica sand, quartz grit, silica, talc and mixtures thereof, and the colorant comprises a pigment. 
     
     
         86 . The coated composite substrate of  claim 85 , wherein the multifunctional oligomer comprises about 20% to about 30% by weight of the composition, the monomer comprises about 30% to about 45% by weight of the composition, the photoinitiator comprises 0.001% to about 6% by weight of the composition, the polyester resin comprises about 1% to about 10% by weight of the composition, the polycarboxylic acid comprises about 0.01% to about 3% by weight of the composition, the supplemental adhesion promoter comprises about 0.1% to about 20% by weight of the composition, the aesthetic agent comprises about 0.1% to about 20% by weight of the composition and the pigment comprises about 0.1% to about 15% of the composition. 
     
     
         87 . The coated composite substrate of  claim 61 , wherein the substrate is not primed prior to the application of the curable coating. 
     
     
         88 . The coated composite substrate of  claim 61 , wherein the coated substrate is cured using UV radiation. 
     
     
         89 . The coated composite substrate of  claim 88 , wherein the coated substrate is cured using at least two different UV wavelengths. 
     
     
         90 . The coated composite substrate of  claim 61 , wherein the composite substrate is a plastic composite substrate. 
     
     
         91 . The coated composite substrate of  claim 61 , wherein the composite substrate is a cementitious composite substrate. 
     
     
         92 . The coated composite substrate of  claim 61 , wherein the composite substrate is a ceramic composite substrate. 
     
     
         93 . The coated composite substrate of  claim 61 , wherein the composite substrate is a PVC composite substrate. 
     
     
         94 . The coated composite substrate of  claim 61 , wherein the composite substrate is engineered wood. 
     
     
         95 . A method for providing a plastic substrate with a cured coating comprising applying a curable coating composition onto a plastic substrate and curing the coating composition, wherein the curable coating composition comprises a multifunctional oligomer, a monomer selected from the group consisting of monofunctional monomers, difunctional monomers and mixtures thereof, a photoinitiator, a polyester resin and a polycarboxylic acid. 
     
     
         96 . The method of  claim 95 , wherein the multifunctional oligomer comprises about 10% to about 80% by weight of the composition, the monomer comprises about 25% to about 75% by weight of the composition, the photoinitiator comprises 0.001% to about 6% by weight of the composition, the polyester resin comprises about 1% to about 20% by weight of the composition, and the polycarboxylic acid comprises about 0.01% to about 10% by weight of the composition. 
     
     
         97 . The method of  claim 95 , wherein the composition comprises no more than about 1% by weight of an organic solvent. 
     
     
         98 . The method of  claim 96 , wherein the composition comprises a supplemental adhesion promoter, and wherein the multifunctional oligomer comprises about 15% to about 60% by weight of the composition, the monomer comprises about 30% to about 65% by weight of the composition, the photoinitiator comprises 0.001% to about 6% by weight of the composition, the polyester resin comprises about 1% to about 15% by weight of the composition, the polycarboxylic acid comprises about 0.01% to about 5% by weight of the composition, and the supplemental adhesion promoter comprises about 0.1% to about 20% by weight of the composition. 
     
     
         99 . The method of  claim 98 , wherein the multifunctional oligomer comprises a trifunctional aliphatic polyester urethane acrylate oligomer and has a molecular weight from about 1,200 to about 3,000, the monomer is selected from the group consisting of isobornyl acrylate, isodecyl acrylate, 1,6 hexanediol diacrylate and mixtures thereof, the photoinitiator is selected from the group consisting of phenylbis(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)-phosphine oxide, 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenyl-1-propanone, 1-hydroxy-cyclohexylphenylketone, phosphine derivatives and mixtures thereof, the polycarboxylic acid is unsaturated, and the supplemental adhesion promoter is selected from the group consisting of a phosphoric acid ester, an acrylic, and acrylic acrylate, and mixtures thereof. 
     
     
         100 . The method of  claim 96  further comprising a colorant. 
     
     
         101 . The method of  claim 100 , wherein the composition further comprises an adhesion promoter, wherein the multifunctional oligomer comprises a trifunctional aliphatic polyester urethane acrylate oligomer and has a molecular weight from about 1,200 to about 3,000, the monomer is selected from the group consisting of isobornyl acrylate, isodecyl acrylate, 1,6 hexanediol diacrylate and mixtures thereof, the photoinitiator is selected from the group consisting of phenylbis(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)-phosphine oxide, 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenyl-1-propanone, 1-hydroxy-cyclohexylphenylketone, phosphine derivatives and mixtures thereof, the polycarboxylic acid is unsaturated, the supplemental adhesion promoter is selected from the group consisting of a phosphoric acid ester, an acrylic, an acrylic acrylate, and mixtures thereof, and the colorant is a pigment. 
     
     
         102 . The method of  claim 96 , wherein the coating composition further comprises an aesthetic agent. 
     
     
         103 . The method of  claim 96 , wherein the composite substrate is not primed prior to the application of the curable coating onto the substrate. 
     
     
         104 . The method of  claim 96 , wherein the curable coating is cured using UV radiation. 
     
     
         105 . The method of  claim 104 , wherein the coated substrate is cured using pulsed UV radiation. 
     
     
         106 . A coated plastic substrate comprising a plastic substrate and a cured coating on the surface of the substrate, wherein the cured coating is formed by curing a curable coating composition comprising a multifunctional oligomer, a monomer selected from the group consisting of monofunctional monomers, difunctional monomers and mixtures thereof, a photoinitiator, a polyester resin and a polycarboxylic acid. 
     
     
         107 . The coated plastic substrate of  claim 106 , wherein the multifunctional oligomer comprises about 10% to about 80% by weight of the composition, the monomer comprises about 25% to about 75% by weight of the composition, the photoinitiator comprises 0.001% to about 6% by weight of the composition, the polyester resin comprises about 1% to about 20% by weight of the composition, and the polycarboxylic acid comprises about 0.01% to about 10% by weight of the composition. 
     
     
         108 . The coated plastic substrate of  claim 106 , wherein the composition comprises no more than about 1% by weight of an organic solvent. 
     
     
         109 . The coated plastic substrate of  claim 107 , wherein the composition comprises a supplemental adhesion promoter, and wherein the multifunctional oligomer comprises about 15% to about 60% by weight of the composition, the monomer comprises about 30% to about 65% by weight of the composition, the photoinitiator comprises 0.001% to about 6% by weight of the composition, the polyester resin comprises about 1% to about 15% by weight of the composition, the polycarboxylic acid comprises about 0.01% to about 5% by weight of the composition, and the supplemental adhesion promoter comprises about 0.1% to about 20% by weight of the composition. 
     
     
         110 . The coated plastic substrate of  claim 109 , wherein the multifunctional oligomer comprises a trifunctional aliphatic polyester urethane acrylate oligomer and has a molecular weight from about 1,200 to about 3,000, the monomer is selected from the group consisting of isobornyl acrylate, isodecyl acrylate, 1,6 hexanediol diacrylate and mixtures thereof, the photoinitiator is selected from the group consisting of phenylbis(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)-phosphine oxide, 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenyl-1-propanone, 1-hydroxy-cyclohexylphenylketone, phosphine derivatives and mixtures thereof, the polycarboxylic acid is unsaturated, and the supplemental adhesion promoter is selected from the group consisting of a phosphoric acid ester, an acrylic, and acrylic acrylate, and mixtures thereof 
     
     
         111 . The coated plastic substrate of  claim 106  further comprising a colorant. 
     
     
         112 . The coated plastic substrate of  claim 111 , wherein the composition further comprises an adhesion promoter, wherein the multifunctional oligomer comprises a trifunctional aliphatic polyester urethane acrylate oligomer and has a molecular weight from about 1,200 to about 3,000, the monomer is selected from the group consisting of isobornyl acrylate, isodecyl acrylate, 1,6 hexanediol diacrylate and mixtures thereof, the photoinitiator is selected from the group consisting of phenylbis(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)-phosphine oxide, 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenyl-1-propanone, 1-hydroxy-cyclohexylphenylketone, phosphine derivatives and mixtures thereof, the polycarboxylic acid is unsaturated, the supplemental adhesion promoter is selected from the group consisting of a phosphoric acid ester, an acrylic, an acrylic acrylate, and mixtures thereof, and the colorant is a pigment. 
     
     
         113 . The coated plastic substrate of  claim 106 , wherein the coating composition further comprises an aesthetic agent. 
     
     
         114 . The coated plastic substrate of  claim 106 , wherein the composite substrate is not primed prior to the application of the curable coating onto the substrate. 
     
     
         115 . The coated plastic substrate of  claim 106 , wherein the curable coating is cured using UV radiation. 
     
     
         116 . The coated plastic substrate of  claim 115 , wherein the coated substrate is cured using pulsed UV radiation.