Cetane-Improving Component for Diesel Fuels and Diesel Fuels Containing it

Abstract

Cetane improver for diesel fuels, characterized in that it comprises at least one ester of stearic acid, selected from the esters of linear or branched monoalcohols containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms: a) added in the pure state to a mixture of at least one vegetable or animal oil ester in crude or partially hydrogenated form b) or else included in a mixture of esters of one or more vegetable and/or animal oils, in crude or partially hydrogenated form, the mixtures of saturated or unsaturated esters being such that the ratio by mass of the amount of stearic ester(s) to the total sum of the amounts of unsaturated esters present in the vegetable or animal oil esters varies from 1% to 12%, and the unsaturated fatty acid esters being esters of mono or polyunsaturated acids containing at least 18 carbon atoms with monoalcohols.

1 . Cetane-improving component for diesel fuels characterized in that it comprises at least one stearic acid ester chosen from esters of linear or branched monoalcohols containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms:
 a) in pure state added to a mixture of at least one vegetable or animal oil ester in crude or partially hydrogenated form   b) or included in a mixture of esters of one or more vegetable and/or animal oils in crude or partially hydrogenated form,   the mixtures of saturated and unsaturated esters being such that the ratio by mass of the level of stearic ester(s) to the sum of the levels of unsaturated esters present in the esters of animal or vegetable oils varies from 1 to 12%, and the esters of unsaturated fatty acids being esters of unsaturated mono- or polyacids containing at least 18 carbon atoms, and esters of monoalcohols.   
   
   
       2 . Component according to  claim 1 , characterized in that the stearic acid ester is chosen from methyl or ethyl esters, or from n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol or tert-butanol esters. 
   
   
       3 . Component according to  claim 1 , characterized in that, in the component containing esters of unsaturated fatty acids, the ratio by mass [stearic ester levels/sum of the levels of the ester(s) of unsaturated fatty acids] varies from 5 to 9.6% and preferably from 7 to 9.0%. 
   
   
       4 . Component according to  claim 1 , characterized in that the esters of unsaturated fatty acids present in the composition are esters of mono- or polyunsaturated acids, containing 18, 20 or 22 carbon atoms. 
   
   
       5 . Component according to  claim 1 , characterized in that the esters of unsaturated fatty acids form part of the group constituted by esters of oleic, linoleic or linolenic acids. 
   
   
       6 . Component according to  claim 1 , characterized in that the stearic acid ester or the esters of unsaturated fatty acids are of natural or synthetic origin. 
   
   
       7 . Component according to  claim 1 , characterized in that the stearic acid ester or the esters of unsaturated fatty acids have come from the transesterification of the triglycerides contained in the vegetable and/or animal oils 
   
   
       8 . Component according to  claim 1 , characterized in that it is constituted by a mixture of esters of vegetable oils chosen from methyl or ethyl esters of colza, palm, pine, soya, sunflower, tallow, maize, safflower, cotton, coriander, mustard and any other esters containing stearic esters and/or unsaturated esters having at least 18 carbon atoms. 
   
   
       9 . Diesel fuel characterized in that it comprises:
 at least one hydrocarbon from distillates with a boiling point varying from 180 to 350° C.,   at least one component comprising at least one saturated ester having more than 16 carbon atoms, preferably comprising at least one stearic ester chosen from the esters of linear or branched monoalcohols containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms:
 a) in pure state, in a mixture with at least one ester of an unsaturated linear fatty acid having at least 18 carbon atoms, 
 b) in pure state, added to a mixture of at least one ester of a vegetable or animal oil in crude or partially hydrogenated form, 
 c) or included in a mixture of one or more esters of vegetable and/or animal oils in crude or partially hydrogenated form, 
   the mixtures of saturated and unsaturated esters being such that the ratio by mass of the level of stearic ester(s) to the sum of the levels of unsaturated esters present in the esters of animal or vegetable oils varies from 1 to 12%, and the unsaturated fatty acid esters being esters of unsaturated mono- or polyacids containing at least 18 carbon atoms, and esters of monoalcohols, and   the stearic acid ester level in said fuel being at least 0.5% by mass.   
   
   
       10 . Fuel according to  claim 9 , characterized in that the stearic ester level is comprised between 0.5 and 2.4%, and the ratio by mass stearic ester/sum of the esters of unsaturated acids present varies from 5 to 9.6% by weight and preferably from 7 to 9% by weight. 
   
   
       11 . Fuel according to  claim 9 , characterized in that the stearic ester level varies from 0.5 to 1.2%. 
   
   
       12 . Fuel according to  claim 9 , characterized in that it comprises at least 10% by weight of the sum of the C16 and C18 saturated esters. 
   
   
       13 . Fuel according to  claim 9 , characterized in that it contains more than 10% by weight of a mixture of esters of vegetable and animal oils taken in combination, preferably more than 20% by weight of such a mixture. 
   
   
       14 . Fuel according to  claim 9 , characterized in that the fuel contains at least one cold filterability additive. 
   
   
       15 . Fuel according to  claim 9 , which has a low sulphur level, preferably less than 500 ppm sulphur, advantageously less than 100 ppm. 
   
   
       16 . Use of a component according to  claim 1 , for the preparation of a diesel fuel with an improved cetane number without deterioration of the low-temperature and oxidation stability properties of said fuel, starting from a mixture of esters of vegetable and/or animal oils.