Broad spectrum antimicrobial purification materials and methods for purifying fluids

Abstract

An antimicrobial composition for use in water, air, and other fluid treatment applications is provided. The composition includes a biguanide dihydrate compound, such as a chlorhexidine dihydrate, which exhibits broad spectrum antimicrobial activity.

1 . An antimicrobial composition comprising a compound of the formula 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein R 1  comprises a straight chained, branched, or cyclic alkyl, or aryl group; 
         wherein R 2  and R 3 , independent of one another, comprise a hydrogen, halogen, hydroxyl, amino, amido, alkylamino, arylamino, alkoxy, aryloxy, nitro, acyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cyano, sulfo, sulfato, mercapto, imino, sulfonyl, sulfenyl, sulfinyl, sulfamoyl, phosphonyl, phosphinyl, phosphoryl, phosphino, thioester, thioether, anhydride, oximno, hydrazino, carbamyl, phosphonic acid, phosphonato, or a straight, chained, branched, or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, or heterocyclic group; and 
         wherein x is a number from 1 to 8 and y is a number from 1 to 4. 
       
     
     
         2 . The antimicrobial composition of  claim 1 , wherein R 1  comprises a straight chained, branched, or cyclic alkyl, or aryl group which is substituted with a moiety selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, hydroxyl, amino, amido, alkylamino, arylamino, alkoxy, aryloxy, nitro, acyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cyano, sulfo, sulfato, mercapto, imino, sulfonyl, sulfenyl, sulfinyl, sulfamoyl, phosphonyl, phosphinyl, phosphoryl, phosphino, thioester, thioether, anhydride, oximno, hydrazino, carbamyl, phosphonic acid, and phosphonato. 
     
     
         3 . The antimicrobial composition of  claim 1 , wherein R 2  and R 3 , independent of one another, comprise a straight, chained, branched, or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, or heterocyclic group, which is substituted with a moiety selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, hydroxyl, amino, amido, alkylamino, arylamino, alkoxy, aryloxy, nitro, acyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cyano, sulfo, sulfato, mercapto, imino, sulfonyl, sulfenyl, sulfinyl, sulfamoyl, phosphonyl, phosphinyl, phosphoryl, phosphino, thioester, thioether, anhydride, oximno, hydrazino, carbamyl, phosphonic acid, and phosphonato. 
     
     
         4 . The antimicrobial composition of  claim 1 , wherein R 1  is methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, t-butyl, or pentyl. 
     
     
         5 . The antimicrobial composition of  claim 4 , wherein y is 1. 
     
     
         6 . The antimicrobial composition of  claim 4 , wherein x is 6. 
     
     
         7 . The antimicrobial composition of  claim 5 , wherein each of R 2  and R 3  is a halo-substituted phenyl. 
     
     
         8 . The antimicrobial composition of  claim 7 , wherein the halo-substituted phenyl is a fluoro-substituted phenyl. 
     
     
         9 . The antimicrobial composition of  claim 1 , wherein R 1  is methyl, each of R 2  and R 3  is a halo-substituted phenyl, and y is 1. 
     
     
         10 . The antimicrobial composition of  claim 9 , wherein the composition is in the form of loose granules. 
     
     
         11 . The antimicrobial composition of  claim 9 , wherein the composition is in the form of a porous, compression-molded unitary structure. 
     
     
         12 . The antimicrobial composition of  claim 1 , which is water insoluble. 
     
     
         13 . An antimicrobial composition comprising a water-insoluble compound of the formula 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein R 1  comprises a straight chained, branched, or cyclic alkyl, or aryl group; 
         wherein R 2  and R 3 , independent of one another, are electron-withdrawing groups; and 
         wherein x is a number from 1 to 8 and y is a number from 1 to 4. 
       
     
     
         14 . The antimicrobial composition of  claim 13 , wherein R 2  and R 3 , independent of one another, are aryls, substituted aryls, or phenyls. 
     
     
         15 . The antimicrobial composition of  claim 14 , wherein R 2  and R 3 , independent of one another, are substituted halo phenyls. 
     
     
         16 . The antimicrobial composition of  claim 13 , wherein R 2  and R 3 , independent of one another, are substituted halogens, substituted amines, substituted amides, substituted cyanos, or substituted nitros. 
     
     
         17 . The antimicrobial composition of  claim 14 , wherein y is 1. 
     
     
         18 . The antimicrobial composition of  claim 13 , wherein R 1  is methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, t-butyl, or pentyl. 
     
     
         19 . The antimicrobial composition of  claim 18 , wherein y is 1. 
     
     
         20 . The antimicrobial composition of  claim 19 , wherein R 2  and R 3 , independent of one another, are aryls, substituted aryls, or phenyls.