Water Condenser

Abstract

A water condenser includes a fan which draws a primary airflow through an upstream refrigerant evaporator, through an air-to-air heat exchanger and in one embodiment also an air-to-water heat exchanger uses cold water collected as condensate from the evaporator, the airflow to the evaporator being pre-cooled by passing through the air-to-air heat exchanger and the air-to-water heat exchanger prior to entry into the evaporator wherein the airflow is further cooled to below its dew point so as to condense moisture onto the evaporator far gravity collection. The evaporator is cooled by a closed refrigerant circuit. The refrigerant condenser for the closed refrigerant circuit may employ the fan drawing the airflow through the evaporator or a separate fan, both of which drawing an auxiliary airflow separate from the airflow through the evaporator through a manifold whereby bath the auxiliary airflow and the airflow through the evaporator, or just the auxiliary airflow are guided through the condenser and corresponding fan.

1 . A water condenser comprising:
 a housing having a first air intake for entry of a first air flow, said first air intake mounted to an air-to-air heat exchanger having a pre-refrigeration set of air conduits cooperating in fluid communication with said first air intake; for intake of said first air flow into said pre-refrigeration set of air conduits, said heat exchanger having a post-refrigeration set of air conduits arranged relative to the pre-refrigeration set of air conduits for heat transfer between said pre-refrigeration set of air conduits and said post-refrigeration set of air conduits,   a refrigeration unit cooperating with said pre-refrigeration set of air conduits for passage of said first air flow from a downstream end of the pre-refrigeration set of air conduits into an upstream end of said refrigeration unit, wherein said refrigeration unit includes refrigerated surfaces over which said first air flow passes as it flows from said upstream end of the refrigeration unit to a downstream end of said refrigeration unit, said first air flow cooled in said refrigeration unit below a dew point of said first air flow so as to condense moisture from said first air flow onto said refrigerated surfaces for gravity-assisted collection of the first moisture into a moisture collector mounted under said refrigeration unit,   an air-to-water heat exchanger cooperating with said air-to-air heat exchanger for cooling said first air flow wherein said first air flow is passed through said air-to-water heat exchanger and said first moisture from said moisture collector is simultaneously passed through said air-to-water heat exchanger so that said first moisture, cools said first air flow, said downstream end of said refrigeration unit cooperating with, for passage of said first air flow into, an upstream end of said post-refrigeration set of air conduits, said first air flow exhausting from a downstream end of said post-refrigeration set of air conduits, wherein said first air flow in said post-refrigeration set of air conduits pre-cools said first air flow in said pre-refrigeration set of air conduits,   control means for controlling the temperature of said first air flow in said pre-refrigeration set of air conduits so that it remains above a dew point temperature of said first air flow when in said pre-refrigeration set of air conduits and for controlling the temperature of said first air flow in said refrigeration unit so that it drops below a dew point temperature of said first air flow when in said refrigeration unit without freezing, an air flow mover urging said first air flow into said first air intake, along said pre-refrigeration set of air conduits, through said refrigeration unit, and along said post-refrigeration set of air conduits.   
   
   
       2 . The device of  claim 1  further comprising an air plenum having upstream and downstream ends, said upstream end of said air plenum cooperating with said downstream end of said post-refrigeration set of air conduits so that said first air flow flows into said air plenum at said upstream end of said plenum, said plenum having an auxiliary air intake into said plenum, for intake of an ambient second air flow into said plenum, said downstream end of said plenum cooperating in fluid communication with a refrigerant condenser in a refrigeration circuit including said first and second air flows exhausting from a downstream end of said refrigerant condenser, wherein said air flow mover urges said first and second air flows through said plenum and said refrigerant condenser. 
   
   
       3 . The device of  claim 1  wherein said refrigeration unit is a refrigerant evaporator. 
   
   
       4 . The device of  claim 2  further comprising a selectively actuable air flow metering valve mounted in cooperation with said auxiliary air intake for selectively controlling the volume and flow rate of said second air flow passing into said plenum. 
   
   
       5 . The device of  claim 4  further comprising an automated actuator cooperating with said metering valve for automated actuation of said metering valve between open and closed positions of said valve according to at least one environmental condition indicative of moisture content in said first air flow. 
   
   
       6 . The device of  claim 5  wherein said automated actuator is a bi-metal actuator and wherein said at least one environmental condition includes ambient air temperature external to said housing. 
   
   
       7 . The device of  claim 5  wherein said automated actuator includes a processor cooperating with at least one sensor, said at least one sensor for sensing said at least one environmental condition and communicating environmental data corresponding to said at least one environmental condition from said at least one sensor to said processor. 
   
   
       8 . The device of  claim 3  further comprising a processor cooperating with at least one sensor, said at least one sensor for sensing said at least one environmental condition and communicating environmental data corresponding to said at least one environmental condition from said at least one sensor to said processor, wherein at least one environmental condition of said at least one environmental condition is chosen from the group consisting of: ambient air temperature, first air flow temperature of said first air flow, humidity, barometric air pressure, air density, air flow velocity, air mass flow rate, temperature of said refrigerated surface. 
   
   
       9 . The device of  claim 8  wherein said at least one sensor senses said at least one environmental condition in or in proximity to said first air flow. 
   
   
       10 . The device of  claim 9  wherein said first air flow temperature environmental condition includes air temperatures in said pre-refrigeration and post-refrigeration sets of air conduits. 
   
   
       11 . The device of  claim 9  wherein said first air flow temperature environmental condition includes air temperature in said refrigeration unit. 
   
   
       12 . The device of  claim 11  wherein said at least one sensor senses said at least one environmental condition in said heat exchanger, and wherein said processor regulates said first air flow in said first refrigeration unit so that said air temperature in said refrigeration unit is below said dew point of said first air flow, but above freezing. 
   
   
       13 . The device of  claim 11  wherein said processor calculates said dew point for said first air flow based on said at least one environmental condition sensed by said at least one sensor. 
   
   
       14 . The device of  claim 11  wherein said air flow mover is selectively controllable and wherein said processor regulates said first air flow so as to minimize said air temperature of said first air flow from dropping below said dew point for said first air flow while in said heat exchanger to minimize condensation within said heat exchanger. 
   
   
       15 . The device of  claim 9  wherein said air flow mover is at least one fan in a flow path containing said first air flow. 
   
   
       16 . The device of  claim 15  wherein said at least one fan includes a fan downstream of said heat exchanger. 
   
   
       17 . The device of  claim 15  further comprising at least one air filter in said flow path. 
   
   
       18 . The device of  claim 17  further comprising a water filter for filtering water harvested from said refrigeration unit. 
   
   
       19 . The device of  claim 17  wherein said at least one air filter includes an ultra-violet radiation lamp mounted in proximity to so as to cooperate with said flow path. 
   
   
       20 . The device of  claim 17  wherein said water filter includes an ultra-violet radiation lamp mounted in proximity to so as to cooperate with said moisture collector. 
   
   
       21 . The device of  claim 17  wherein said at least one air filter and said water filter include a common ultra-violet radiation lamp mounted in proximity to so as to cooperate with said flow path and said moisture collector. 
   
   
       22 . The device of  claim 1  wherein said refrigeration unit includes a plate condenser having at least one plate. 
   
   
       23 . The device of  claim 22  wherein said at least one plate is a plurality of plates. 
   
   
       24 . The device of  claim 23  wherein said plurality of plates are mounted in substantially parallel spaced apart array. 
   
   
       25 . The device of  claim 2  where, in upstream-to-downstream order, said refrigeration unit is adjacent said heat exchanger, said heat exchanger is adjacent said plenum, said plenum is adjacent said refrigerant condenser, and said refrigerant condenser is adjacent said air flow mover. 
   
   
       26 . The device of  claim 25  wherein said refrigeration unit, said heat exchanger, said plenum, said refrigerant condenser, and said air flow mover elements are inter-leaved in closely adjacent array. 
   
   
       27 . The device of  claim 2  wherein said first air flow has a corresponding first mass flow rate, and wherein said second air flow has a corresponding second mass flow rate, and wherein a combined air flow of said first and second air flows is the sum of corresponding first and second mass flow rates so that a combined mass flow rate of said combined air flow is greater than said first mass flow rate. 
   
   
       28 . The device of  claim 1  wherein said air-to-water heat exchanger is upstream of said air-to-air heat exchanger along said first air flow. 
   
   
       29 . The device of  claim 1  wherein said air-water heat exchanger is downstream of said air-to-air heat exchanger along said first air flow. 
   
   
       30 . The device of  claim 1  wherein elements including said housing, said first air intake, said air-to-air heat exchanger, said sets of air conduits, said refrigeration unit, said moisture collector, said air-to-water heat exchanger, moisture conduits, or said air flow mover include titanium dioxide as a constituent component. 
   
   
       31 . The device of  claim 30  wherein said titanium dioxide is a coating on at least internal surfaces of said elements. 
   
   
       32 . The device of  claim 30  further comprising at least one source of radiation is mounted within said housing so as to irradiate internal surfaces of at least one of said elements. 
   
   
       33 . The device of  claim 32  wherein said at least one source of radiation is a source of ultra-violet radiation. 
   
   
       34 . The device of  claim 32  wherein said source of radiation is mounted between said heat exchanger and said evaporator. 
   
   
       35 . The device of  claim 34  further comprising a reflector mounted adjacent said source of radiation to reflect radiation onto internal surfaces of said heat exchanger and said evaporator. 
   
   
       36 . A water condenser comprising:
 a housing;   a first air intake receiving a first air flow;   a heat exchanger receiving said first air flow;   a second air intake receiving a second air flow mixable with said first air flow, after said first flow passes through said heat exchanger;   an evaporator;   a condenser; and   an exhaust.   
   
   
       37 . A method of condensing water, comprising:
 receiving a first air flow into a heat exchanger within a housing;   passing said air flow through said heat exchanger;   receiving a second air flow mixable with said first air flow to produce a mixed air flow;   passing said mixed air flow through an evaporator;   passing said mixed air flow through a condenser;   exhausting said mixed air flow from said housing.   
   
   
       38 . A method of controlling a water condenser, comprising:
 measuring a parameter of a first air flow from a first inlet;   measuring said parameter of an exhausted air flow from the water condenser;   comparing said parameter of said first air flow to said parameter of said exhausted air flow;   adjusting the environment of said water condenser based on said comparison of said parameter of said first air flow to said parameter of said exhausted air flow.   
   
   
       39 . The method of  claim 38  wherein said parameter is humidity. 
   
   
       40 . The method of  claim 38  wherein said parameter is temperature. 
   
   
       41 . A control system for a water condenser, comprising:
 a first sensor for measuring a parameter of air flow at an inlet;   a second sensor for measuring said parameter of air flow at an exhaust outlet;   a controller for determining a difference between said parameter of air flow at a first inlet and said parameter of air flow at said exhaust outlet; and   means for adjusting the environment of said water condenser said difference.   
   
   
       40 . An evaporator for a water condenser comprising:
 a first channel for receiving a flow of air in a downward direction, said first channel having a plurality of cooling plates;   a second channel for receiving said flow of air in an upward direction, said second channel not including cooling plates; and   a third channel for receiving said flow of air in a downward direction, said third channel having a second plurality of cooling plates.   
   
   
       41 . The evaporator of  claim 40  wherein each of said plates are positioned at a distance from each other such that said distance is greater than the width of a water drop. 
   
   
       41 . A method of evaporating water comprising the steps of:
 passing an air flow downwardly through a channel having a plurality of cooling plates;   passing said air flow upwardly through a second channel, said second channel not having cooling plates;   passing said air flow downwardly though a third channel having a plurality of cooling plates;   wherein the distance between each pair of plates in said plurality of cooling plates is greater than the width of a water drop.   
   
   
       42 . A heat exchanger for a water condenser, comprising:
 a first air inlet at the front of said heat exchanger for receiving an incoming air flow in a first channel;   a second air inlet at a side of said heat exchanger for receiving a second air flow from an evaporator into a second channel adjacent to said first channel; and   means for incoming ambient air to be passed to said first air inlet or a bypass channel whereby said incoming ambient air bypasses said heat exchanger.   
   
   
       43 . A method of cleaning a water condenser, comprising:
 capping a water collection plate of the condenser,   filling a watertight evaporator and a watertight heat exchanger within the condenser with an appropriate disinfecting solution;   allowing the water condenser to sit for a period of time; and   draining said water condenser.