Aviation-grade kerosene from independently produced blendstocks

Abstract

Aviation-grade kerosene comprising a first blendstock derived from non-petroleum feedstock and comprising primarily hydrocarbons selected from the group consisting of isoparaffins and normal paraffins, and a second blendstock comprising primarily hydrocarbons selected from the group consisting of cycloalkanes and aromatics. A method for the production of aviation-grade kerosene comprising producing a first blendstock from at least one non-petroleum feedstock, the first blendstock comprising primarily hydrocarbons selected from the group consisting of isoparaffins and normal paraffins; producing a second blendstock comprising primarily hydrocarbons selected from the group consisting of cycloalkanes and aromatics; and blending at least a portion of the first blendstock with at least a portion of the second blendstock to produce aviation-grade kerosene.

1 . Aviation-grade kerosene comprising:
 a first blendstock derived from non-petroleum feedstock and comprising primarily hydrocarbons selected from the group consisting of isoparaffins and normal paraffins; and   a second blendstock comprising primarily hydrocarbons selected from the group consisting of cycloalkanes and aromatics.   
   
   
       2 . The aviation-grade kerosene of  claim 1  wherein the second blendstock is derived from feedstock comprising non-petroleum feedstock. 
   
   
       3 . The aviation-grade kerosene of  claim 1  that is capable of being blended with petroleum-derived jet fuel in any proportion such that the resulting blend meets fuel grade specification of the petroleum-derived jet fuel. 
   
   
       4 . The aviation-grade kerosene of  claim 3  comprising up to 95 vol. % of first blendstock and up to 35 vol. % of second blendstock. 
   
   
       5 . The aviation-grade kerosene of  claim 4 , comprising up to 95 vol. % first blendstock, from about 0 vol. % to about 30 vol. % cycloalkanes, and from about 0 vol. % to about 15 vol. % aromatics. 
   
   
       6 . The aviation-grade kerosene as in  claim 5  wherein fit-for-purpose requirements are met. 
   
   
       7 . The aviation-grade kerosene of  claim 6  wherein at least 50 weight % of the kerosene is derived from coal, natural gas, or a combination thereof. 
   
   
       8 . The aviation-grade kerosene of  claim 6  wherein the second blendstock is derived from coal, biomass, oil-shale, tar, oil sands, or a combination thereof. 
   
   
       9 . The aviation-grade kerosene of  claim 6  wherein at least 50 weight % of the kerosene is derived from biomass. 
   
   
       10 . The aviation-grade kerosene of  claim 1  wherein at least 10 weight % of the kerosene is derived from non-cracked bio-oil. 
   
   
       11 . A method for the production of aviation-grade kerosene comprising:
 producing a first blendstock from at least one non-petroleum feedstock, the first blendstock comprising primarily hydrocarbons selected from the group consisting of isoparaffins and normal paraffins;   producing a second blendstock comprising primarily hydrocarbons selected from the group consisting of cycloalkanes and aromatics; and   blending at least a portion of the first blendstock with at least a portion of the second blendstock to produce aviation-grade kerosene.   
   
   
       12 . The method of  claim 11  wherein first and second blendstocks are independently-produced. 
   
   
       13 . The method of  claim 11  wherein the non-petroleum feedstock is selected from the group consisting of coal, natural gas, biomass, vegetable oils, biomass pyrolysis bio-oils, biologically-derived oils and combinations thereof. 
   
   
       14 . The method of  claim 13  wherein first blendstock is produced via indirect liquefaction. 
   
   
       15 . The method of  claim 14  wherein indirect liquefaction comprises Fischer-Tropsch processing of a feedstock selected from the group consisting of natural gas, coal, biomass, and combinations thereof. 
   
   
       16 . The method of  claim 15  wherein the kerosene comprises up to about 90 vol. % first blendstock. 
   
   
       17 . The method of  claim 11  wherein the at least one non-petroleum feedstock comprises triglyceride and/or fatty acid feedstock. 
   
   
       18 . The method of  claim 17  wherein the kerosene comprises from about 65 vol. % to about 75 vol. % first blendstock. 
   
   
       19 . The method of  claim 18  wherein the kerosene comprises about 70 vol. % first blendstock produced via catalytic processing of triglyceride and/or fatty acid feedstock and about 30 vol. % second blendstock produced via pyrolysis processing of high cycloalkane-content material. 
   
   
       20 . The method of  claim 18  wherein second blendstock is produced by catalytic cyclization and/or reforming of a portion of the first blendstock. 
   
   
       21 . The method of  claim 20  wherein the kerosene comprises about 65 vol. % first blendstock and about 35 vol. % second blendstock. 
   
   
       22 . The method of  claim 11  wherein second blendstock is produced via pyrolysis of a feedstock selected from the group consisting of coal, oil shale, oil sands, tar, biomass, and combinations thereof. 
   
   
       23 . The method of  claim 22  wherein the kerosene comprises about 80 vol. % first blendstock produced via Fischer-Tropsch processing of natural gas, coal, and/or biomass and about 20 vol. % second blendstock produced via pyrolysis processing of coal tar fraction. 
   
   
       24 . The method of  claim 11  wherein second blendstock is produced via direct liquefaction. 
   
   
       25 . The method of  claim 24  wherein the kerosene comprises about 25 vol. % second blendstock. 
   
   
       26 . The method of  claim 25  wherein the kerosene comprises about 75 vol. % first blendstock derived from Fischer-Tropsch processing of natural gas, coal, and/or biomass. 
   
   
       27 . The method of  claim 11  wherein second blendstock is produced from a biomass-derived lignin feedstock. 
   
   
       28 . The method of  claim 27  wherein kerosene comprises from about 25 vol. % to about 30 vol. % second blendstock. 
   
   
       29 . The method of  claim 28  wherein kerosene comprises about 30 vol. % second blendstock produced via pyrolysis processing of biomass-derived lignin and about 70 vol. % first blendstock produced via Fischer-Tropsch processing of natural gas, coal, and/or biomass. 
   
   
       30 . The method of  claim 28  wherein kerosene comprises about 25 vol. % second blendstock and about 75 vol. % first blendstock derived from catalytic processing of triglyceride feedstock. 
   
   
       31 . The method of  claim 12  further comprising testing the aviation grade kerosene for at least one requirement selected from the group consisting of fit-for-purpose requirements, ASTM requirements, and combinations thereof. 
   
   
       32 . The method of  claim 31  further comprising adjusting the ratio of first blendstock and second blendstock in the kerosene to meet at least one requirement selected from the group consisting of fit-for-purpose requirements, ASTM requirements, and combinations thereof. 
   
   
       33 . The method of  claim 31  further comprising adjusting the amount of cycloalkanes and aromatics in the second blendstock to meet at least one requirement selected from the group consisting of fit-for-purpose requirements, ASTM requirements, and combinations thereof.