Lubricants Containing Multifunctional Additive Packages Therein for Improving Load-Carrying Capacity, Increasing Surface Fatigue Life and Reducing Friction

Abstract

The present invention provides a composition for improving load carrying capacity, extreme pressure performance, surface fatigue life, and other performance characteristics of a lubricant. The composition includes a base stock and a combination of two, three, or all of a friction modifier, and antiwear additive, an extreme pressure additive, and a surface fatigue life modifier. The present invention further provides a method for improving the performance characteristics of a lubricant. The method includes a step of mixing a lubricant with the above-described multifunctional lubricant additive composition or mixing a lubricant base stock with the above-described multifunctional lubricant additive composition.

1 . A multifunctional lubricant composition for improving the performance characteristics of a lubricant, said composition comprising:
 a base stock lubricant; and   a friction modifier comprising at least one of a long-chain organic partial ester and a short-chain metallo-organic compound,   wherein the long-chain ester has the general formula:   
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein R 1  and R 2  are each a C i H 2i+1  alkyl group, wherein i is an integer of about 7≦i≦15; 
         wherein the short-chain metallo-organic compound has the general formula: 
       
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein X 1  is oxygen or sulfur, wherein R 3  and R 4  are each a C n H 2n+1  alkyl group, wherein n is an integer of about 2≦n≦10, and m is an integer of about 0≦m≦4. 
       
     
     
         2 . The composition according to  claim 1 , wherein the long-chain organic ester is glycerol monooleate. 
     
     
         3 . The composition according to  claim 1 , wherein the short-chain metallo-organic compound is molybdenum dithiocarbamate. 
     
     
         4 . The composition according to  claim 1 , further comprising:
 an antiwear additive comprising at least one of an alkyl neutral phosphate, an aryl neutral phosphate, and a zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate,   wherein the alkyl neutral phosphate and the aryl neutral phosphate have the general formula:   
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein the R 5 , R 6 , and R 7  are each a C n H 2n+1  alkyl group, wherein the R 5 , R 6 , and R 7  are each a C 6 H 5 C m H 2m+1  aryl group, n is an integer of about 2≦n≦10, m is an integer of about 0≦m≦8; 
         wherein the zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate compound is represented by the general formula: 
       
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein R 8 , R 9 , R 10 , and R 11  are each a C h H h+1  secondary alkyl group, h is an integer from about 3≦h≦11, wherein the secondary alkyl group is represented by the formula: 
       
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein R 12  and R 13  are each an alkyl group C i H 2i+1 , i is an integer of about 1≦i≦5. 
       
     
     
         5 . A composition according to  claim 4 , wherein the aryl neutral phosphate is tricresyl phosphate. 
     
     
         6 . The composition according to  claim 1 , further comprising:
 an extreme pressure additive comprising at least one of an aryl phosphate, an alkyl phosphate, an alkyl amine phosphite, and an aryl amine phosphite, represented by the general formula:   
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein R 14 , R 15 , R 16 , R 17 , R 18  and R 19  are each independently a C j H 2j+1  alkyl group, j is an integer of about 1≦j≦20; 
       
     
     
         7 . A composition according to  claim 6  further including a phenol compound represented by the general formula: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein R 20 , R 20′ , R 20″ , and R 20′″  are each independently a C p H 2p+1  normal alkyl group, p is an integer of about 1≦p≦12, wherein R 21 , R 21′ , R 21″ , and R 21′″  are each independently a phenol group represented by the following formula: 
       
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         Wherein R 22 , R 23 , and R 24  are each independently a C o H 2o+1  alkyl group, wherein o is an integer of about 1≦o≦20, R 23  and R 24  are tertiary structures. 
       
     
     
         8 . A composition according to  claim 6 , wherein the extreme pressure additive comprises a hindered phosphate comprising tris-(2,4-ditertertiarybutylphenyl phosphite). 
     
     
         9 . A composition according to  claim 1 , further comprising:
 a surface fatigue life modifier comprising an alkylthiocarbamoyl compound of the following formula:   
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein R 25 , R 26 , R 27 , and R 28  are each a C k H k+1  alkyl group, wherein k is an integer of about 1≦k≦30; R 25 , R 26 , R 27 , and R 28  optionally form a ring structure as combined with the nitrogen atom to which they are bonded, wherein (A) consists of S n  (a chain of sulfur atom) or the following structure:
   S—(CH 2 ) m —S 
 
         wherein n is an integer of about 1≦n≦10 and m is an integer of about 1≦m≦6. 
       
     
     
         10 . The composition according to  claim 1 , wherein i of the friction modifier is an integer of about 8≦i≦10 and n of the friction modifier is an integer of about 4≦n≦6. 
     
     
         11 . The composition according to  claim 4 , wherein n of the antiwear additive is an integer of about 4≦n≦6, m of the antiwear additive is an integer of about 1≦m≦5, and h of the antiwear additive is an integer 4≦h≦6. 
     
     
         12 . The composition according to  claim 6 , wherein j of the extreme pressure additive is an integer of about 4≦j≦8; p of the extreme pressure additive is an integer of about 1≦p≦5; and the composition according to  claim 7 , where in o of the extreme pressure additive is an integer of about 2≦o≦110. 
     
     
         13 . The composition according to  claim 9 , wherein k of the surface fatigue life modifier is an integer of about 4≦k≦8. 
     
     
         14 . The composition according to  claim 1 , wherein the base stock lubricant is present in an amount of about 90% or more by mole based on the total amount of lubricant. 
     
     
         15 . The composition according to  claim 1 , wherein the base stock lubricant is present in an amount of about 94% or more by mole based on the total about of lubricant. 
     
     
         16 . The composition according to  claim 1 , wherein the friction modifier is present in an amount of about 4% or less by mole based on the total about of lubricant. 
     
     
         17 . The composition according to  claim 1 , wherein the friction modifier is present in an amount of about from 0.1% to 3% based on the total amount of lubricant. 
     
     
         18 . The composition according to  claim 4 , wherein the antiwear additive is present in an amount of about 4% by mole or less based on the total amount of lubricant. 
     
     
         19 . The composition according to  claim 4 , wherein the antiwear additive is present in an amount of about from 0.1% to 3% by mole based on the total amount of lubricant. 
     
     
         20 . The composition according to  claim 6 , wherein the extreme pressure additive is present in an amount of about 6% or less by mole based on the total amount of lubricant. 
     
     
         21 . The composition according to  claim 6 , wherein the extreme pressure additive is present in an amount of about from 0.1% to 3% by mole based on the total amount of lubricant. 
     
     
         22 . The composition according to  claim 9 , wherein the surface fatigue life modifier is present in an amount of about 4% or less by mole based on the total amount of lubricant. 
     
     
         23 . The composition according to  claim 9 , wherein the surface fatigue life modifier is present in an amount of about from 0.01% to 1% by mole based on the total amount of lubricant. 
     
     
         24 . The composition according to  claim 4 , further comprising an extreme pressure additive comprising at least one of an aryl phosphate, an alkyl phosphate, an alkyl amine phosphite, and an aryl amine phosphite, represented by the general formula: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein R 14 , R 15 , R 16 , R 17 , R 18  and R 19  are each independently a C j H 2j+1  alkyl group, j is an integer of about 1≦j≦20; 
       
     
     
         25 . A composition according to  claim 24  further including a phenol compound represented by the general formula: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         Wherein R 20 , R 20′ , R 20″ , and R 20′″  are each independently a C p H 2p+1  normal alkyl group, p is an integer of about 1≦p≦12, wherein R 21 , R 21′ , R 21″ , and R 21′″  are each independently a phenol group represented by the 
       
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       following formula:
 wherein R 22 , R 23 , and R 24  are each independently a C o H 2o+1  alkyl group, wherein o is an integer of about 1≦o≦20, R 23  and R 24  are tertiary structures. 
 
     
     
         26 . A composition according to  claim 4 , further comprising a surface fatigue life modifier comprising an alkylthiocarbamoyl compound of the following formula: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein R 25 , R 26 R 27 , and R 28  are each a C k H k+1  alkyl group, wherein k is an integer of about 1≦k≦30; R 25 , R 26 , R 27 , and R 28  optionally form a ring structure as combined with the nitrogen atom to which they are bonded, wherein (A) consists of S n  (a chain of sulfur atoms) or the following structure:
   S—(CH 2 ) m —S 
 
         wherein n is an integer of about 1≦n≦10 and m is an integer of about 1≦m≦6. 
       
     
     
         27 . The composition according to  claim 9 , further comprising further comprising:
 an extreme pressure additive comprising at least one of an aryl phosphate, an alkyl phosphate, an alkyl amine phosphite, and an aryl amine phosphite, represented by the general formula:   
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein R 14 , R 15 , R 16 , R 17 , R 18  and R 19  are each independently a C j H 2j+1  alkyl group, j is an integer of about 1≦j≦20; 
       
     
     
         28 . A composition according to  claim 27  further including a phenol compound represented by the general formula: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein R 20 , R 20′ , R 20″ , and R 20′″  are each independently a C p H 2p+1  normal alkyl group, p is an integer of about 1≦p≦12, wherein R 21 , R 21′ , R 21″ , and R 21′″  are each independently a phenol group represented by the following formula: 
       
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         Wherein R 22 , R 23 , and R 24  are each independently a C o H 2o+1  alkyl group, wherein o is an integer of about 1≦o≦20, R 23  and R 24  are tertiary structures. 
       
     
     
         29 . A multifunctional lubricant composition comprising:
 (a) a base stock lubricant; and at least one of (b), (c), (d) and (e),   (b) a friction modifying (FM) additive comprising:
 (b1) a long-chain organic partial ester having the general formula: 
   
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein R 1  and R 2  are each independently a C i H 2i+1  normal alkyl group, wherein i is an integer of about 7≦i≦15;
 (b2) a short chain metallo-organic compound represented by the general formula: 
 
       
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         Wherein X 1  is oxygen and/or sulfur, wherein R 3  and R 4  are each a C n H 2n+1  alkyl group, n is an integer of about 2≦n≦10, and m is an integer of about 0≦m≦4; and/or
 (b3) a combination of (b1) and (b2); 
 
         (c) an antiwear (AW) additive comprising:
 (c1) an alkyl neutral phosphate or an aryl neutral phosphate represented by the formula: 
 
       
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein the R 5 , R 6 , and R 7  are each C n H 2n+1  alkyl groups of an alkyl neutral phosphate or C 6 H 5 C m H 2m+1  aryl groups of an aryl neutral phosphate, n is an integer of about 2≦n≦10, and m is an integer of about 0≦m≦8;
 (c2) a zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate represented by the general formula: 
 
       
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein R, R 9 , R 10 , and R 11  are each a C h H h+1  secondary alkyl group, h is an integer from about 3≦h≦11, and wherein the secondary alkyl group is represented by the formula: 
       
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           wherein R 12  and R 13  are each an alkyl group C i H 2i+1 , and i is an integer of about 1≦i≦5; and/or 
           (c3) a combination of (c1) and (c2); and 
         
         (d) an extreme pressure (EP) additive comprising:
 (d1) an aryl phosphate, an alkyl phosphate, an alkyl amine phosphite, or an aryl amine phosphite represented by the general formula: 
 
       
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein R 14 R 15 , R 16 , R 17 , R 18  and R 19  are each independently a C j H 2j+1  alkyl group, j is an integer of about 1≦j≦20;
 (d2) a combination of (d1) and a phenol compound represented by the general formula: 
 
       
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein R 20 , R 20′ , R 20″ , and R 20′″  are each independently a C p H 2p+1  normal alkyl group, p is an integer of about 1≦p≦12, wherein R 21 , R 21′ , R 21″ , and R 21′″  are each independently a phenol group represented by the following formula: 
       
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein R 22 , R 23 , and R 24  are each independently a C o H 2o+1  alkyl group, wherein O is an integer of about 1<O<20, and R 23  and R 24  are tertiary structures; and 
         (e) a surface fatigue life (SFL) modifier represented by an alkylthiocarbamoyl compound of the following formula: 
       
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein R 25 R 26 , R 27  and R 28  are each a C k H k+1  alkyl group, wherein k is an integer of about 1≦k≦30; R 25 , R 26 , R 27 , and R 28  optionally form a ring structure as combined with the nitrogen atom to which they are bonded, wherein (A) consists of S n  (a chain of sulfur atoms) or the following structure:
   S—(CH 2 ) m —S 
 
         wherein n is an integer of about 1≦n≦10, and m is an integer of about 1≦m≦6.