Two-cycle gasoline engine lubricant

Abstract

A lubricating oil comprising a base oil of specified carbon types, less than 5 wt % hydrocarbon solvent, and a detergent/dispersant additive package, wherein the lubricating oil has a blend kinematic viscosity at 100° C. of 6.5 mm 2 /s or greater, good low temperature fluidity, and a high exhaust smoke index. Also, similar lubricating oils made using a base oil made from a waxy feed, or comprising a base oil with a low Noack volatility and a pour point reducing blend component, or a base oil with a high viscosity index. Additionally, lubricating base oils meeting the requirements for two-cycle gasoline engine lubricants.

1 . A lubricating oil, comprising:
 a. a base oil fraction having:
 i. consecutive numbers of carbon atoms; 
 ii. a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. between about 1.5 and about 3.5 mm 2 /s; 
 iii. between about 90 wt % and about 97 wt % paraffinic carbon; 
   iv. between about 3 wt % and about 10 wt % naphthenic carbon;   v. less than 0.01 wt % aromatic carbon;   b. less than about 5 wt % based on the total lubricating oil of a hydrocarbon solvent having a maximum boiling point less than 250 degrees C.; and   c. from about 1 wt % to about 25 wt % based on the total lubricating oil of a detergent/dispersant additive package;    wherein the lubricating oil has a blend kinematic viscosity at 100° C. of 6.5 mm 2 /s or greater, good low temperature fluidity at −25° C., and an exhaust smoke index of greater than 65.   
   
   
       2 . A lubricating oil, comprising:
 a. a base oil made from a waxy feed; and   b. less than about 5 wt % based on the total lubricating oil of a hydrocarbon solvent having a maximum boiling point less than 250 degrees C.; wherein the lubricating oil has a blend kinematic viscosity of 6.5 mm 2 /s or greater, good low temperature fluidity at −25° C., and an exhaust smoke index of greater than 65.   
   
   
       3 . A lubricating oil, comprising:
 a. a base oil with a kinematic viscosity between 1.5 and 4.00 mm 2 /s and a Noack volatility less than a Noack Volatility Factor (1)=160−(40×kinematic viscosity at 100° C.); and   b. a pour point reducing blend component;   wherein the lubricating oil has a blend kinematic viscosity at 100° C. of 6.5 mm 2 /s or greater, good low temperature fluidity at −25° C., and an exhaust smoke index of greater than 65.   
   
   
       4 . A lubricating oil, comprising:
 a. a base oil fraction having:
 i. a pour point of less than −8° C.; 
 ii. a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. of at least 1.5 mm 2  s; and 
 ii a viscosity index greater than an amount calculated by the equation: 22×Ln(Kinematic Viscosity at 100° C.)+132; 
   b. less than about 5 wt % based on the total lubricating oil of a hydrocarbon solvent having a maximum boiling point less than 250 degrees C.;   c. from about 1 wt/% to about 25 wt % based on the total lubricating oil composition of a detergent/dispersant additive package;    wherein the lubricating oil has a blend kinematic viscosity at 100° C., of 6.5 mm 2 /s or greater, good low temperature fluidity at −25° C., and an exhaust smoke index of greater than 65.   
   
   
       5 . The lubricating oil of  claim 1 ,  2 ,  3 , or  4  meeting the requirements for lubricating oil used in two-cycle gasoline engines according to Japanese Automobile Standard JASO M345:2003. 
   
   
       6 . The lubricating oil of  claim 1 ,  2 ,  3 , or  4  meeting the requirements of JASO M345:2003, Classification C or Classification D. 
   
   
       7 . The lubricating oil of  claim 1 ,  2 ,  3 , or  4  having less than about 2 wt % based on the total lubricating oil of the hydrocarbon solvent. 
   
   
       8 . The lubricating oil of  claim 1 ,  2 ,  3 , or  4  having essentially no hydrocarbon solvent. 
   
   
       9 . The lubricating oil of  claim 1 ,  2 ,  3 , or  4  wherein the base oil has a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. between about 1.8 and about 3.2 mm 2 /s. 
   
   
       10 . The lubricating oil of  claim 1 ,  2 , or  4  wherein the base oil has a Noack volatility of less than 90 wt %. 
   
   
       11 . The lubricating oil of  claim 1 ,  2 ,  3 , or  4  wherein the base oil has an Oxidator BN greater than 35 hours. 
   
   
       12 . The lubricating oil of  claim 2  or  4  wherein the base oil has greater than 90 wt % paraffinic carbon and less than 0.01 wt % aromatic carbon by ASTM D3238-95(2005). 
   
   
       13 . The lubricating oil of  claim 1 ,  2 , or  4  wherein the base oil has a Noack volatility less than a Noack Volatility Factor (1)=160−(40×kinematic viscosity at 100° C.). 
   
   
       14 . The lubricating oil of  claim 1 ,  2 ,  3 , or  4  wherein the base oil has a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. between 2.4 and 3.5 mm2/s and a Noack Volatility less than a Noack Volatility Factor (2)=(900×(kinematic viscosity at 100° C.) −2.8 )−15. 
   
   
       15 . The lubricating oil of  claim 2 , wherein the waxy feed is substantially paraffinic. 
   
   
       16 . The lubricating oil of  claim 2 , wherein the waxy feed is Fischer-Tropsch derived. 
   
   
       17 . The lubricating oil of  claim 1 ,  2 ,  3 , or  4  having a pour point less than or equal to about −35° C. 
   
   
       18 . The lubricating oil of  claim 1 ,  2 ,  3 , or  4  wherein the exhaust smoke index is greater than 75. 
   
   
       19 . The lubricating oil of  claim 1 ,  2 ,  3 , or  4  wherein the exhaust smoke index is greater than 84. 
   
   
       20 . The lubricating oil of  claim 1 ,  2 ,  3 , or  4  wherein the exhaust smoke index is greater than 90. 
   
   
       21 . The lubricating oil of  claim 1 ,  2 ,  3 , or  4  having a passing result in the miscibility test by ASTM D4682-87 (Reapproved 2002) at a temperature of −10° C. 
   
   
       22 . The lubricating oil of  claim 1 ,  2 ,  3 , or  4  having a passing result in the miscibility test by ASTM D4682-87 (Reapproved 2002) at −25° C. 
   
   
       23 . The lubricating oil of  claim 1 ,  2 ,  3 , or  4  having a flash point greater than 120° C. by ASTM D92-05a. 
   
   
       24 . The lubricating oil of  claim 1 ,  2 ,  3 , or  4  having a flash point greater than 150° C. by ASTM D92-05a. 
   
   
       25 . The lubricating oil of  claim 1 ,  2 , or  4  additionally comprising a pour point reducing blend component. 
   
   
       26 . The lubricating oil of  claim 1 ,  2 , or  4  additionally comprising a pour point reducing blend component selected from the group consisting of:
 a. an isomerized Fischer-Tropsch derived bottoms product;   b. a bottoms product prepared from an isomerized highly waxy mineral oil; or   c. an isomerized oil having a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. of at least about 8 mm 2 /s made from polyethylene plastic.   
   
   
       27 . The lubricating oil of  claim 1 ,  2 , or  4  comprising from about 3 and about 20 wt % based on the total lubricating oil of a detergent/dispersant additive package. 
   
   
       28 . The lubricating oil of  claim 1 ,  2 , or  4  wherein the solvent is a dearomatized aliphatic high flash solvent with a Kauri-Butanol Value between 20 and 40 by ASTM D1133-04. 
   
   
       29 . The lubricating oil of  claim 3 , wherein the pour point reducing blend component is selected from the group consisting of:
 a. an isomerized Fischer-Tropsch derived bottoms product;   b. a bottoms product prepared from an isomerized highly waxy mineral oil; or   c. an isomerized oil having a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. of at least about 8 mm 2 /s made from polyethylene plastic.   
   
   
       30 . The lubricating oil of  claim 3 , additionally comprising less than about 5 wt % based on the total lubricating oil composition of a hydrocarbon solvent having a maximum boiling point less than 250 degrees C. 
   
   
       31 . The lubricating oil of  claim 1 ,  2 ,  3 , or  4 , additionally comprising from 1 to 50 wt % based on the total lubricating oil composition of a smoke-suppression agent. 
   
   
       32 . A lubricating oil, comprising:
 a, a Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil;   b. less than about 5 wt % based on the total lubricating oil of a hydrocarbon solvent having a maximum boiling point less than 250 degrees C.; and   c. a detergent/dispersant additive package; wherein the lubricating oil meets the requirements for lubricating oil used in two-cycle gasoline engines according to Japanese Automobile Standard JASO M345:2003, Classifications C or D.   
   
   
       33 . The lubricating oil of  claim 32 , wherein the solvent is a dearomatized aliphatic high flash solvent with a Kauri-Butanol Value between 20 and 40 by ASTM D1133-04. 
   
   
       34 . The lubricating oil of  claim 32 , wherein the lubricating oil has a pour point less than or equal to about −35° C. 
   
   
       35 . The lubricating oil of  claim 32 , wherein the lubricating oil has good low temperature fluidity at −25° C. or −40° C. 
   
   
       36 . The lubricating oil of  claim 32 , wherein the lubricating coil has a passing result in the miscibility test by ASTM D4682-87 (Reapproved 2002) at a temperature of −25° C. 
   
   
       37 . The lubricating oil of  claim 32 , wherein the Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil has:
 i. between about 90 wt % and about 97 wt % paraffinic carbon,   ii. between about 3 wt % and about 10 wt % naphthenic carbon; and   iii. less than 0.01 wt aromatic carbon.   
   
   
       38 . A lubricating oil, comprising a pour point reducing blend component; wherein the lubricating oil meets the requirements for lubricating oil used in two-cycle gasoline engines according to Japanese Automobile Standards JASO M345:2003. 
   
   
       39 . The lubricating oil of  claim 38 , wherein the lubricating oil meets the requirements for lubricating oil used in two-cycle gasoline engines according to Japanese Automobile Standard JASO M345:2003, Classifications C or D. 
   
   
       40 . The lubricating oil of  claim 38 , additionally comprising less than about 5 wt % based on the total lubricating oil of a hydrocarbon solvent having a maximum boiling point less than 250 degrees 0° C. 
   
   
       41 . The lubricating oil of  claim 38 , wherein the lubricating oil has a pour point than or equal to about −35° C. 
   
   
       42 . The lubricating oil of  claim 38 , wherein the lubricating oil has good low temperature fluidity at −25° C. or −40° C. 
   
   
       43 . The lubricating oil of  claim 38 , wherein the lubricating oil has a passing result in the miscibility test by ASTM D4682-87 (Reapproved 2002) at a temperature of −25° C. 
   
   
       44 . The lubricating oil of  claim 38 , wherein the pour point reducing blend component has a traction coefficient less than 0.015 when measured at a kinematic Viscosity of 15 mm 2 /s and at a slide to roll ratio of 40%. 
   
   
       45 . The lubricating oil of  claim 38 , wherein the pour point reducing blend component has greater than 90 wt % paraffinic carbon, greater than 5 wt % naphthenic carbon, and less than 0.01 wt % aromatic carbon by ASTM D3238-95(2005). 
   
   
       46 . The lubricating oil of  claim 38 , wherein the lubricating oil has a wt % sulfated ash of 0.18 wt % or less. 
   
   
       47 . The lubricating oil of  claim 38 , wherein the pour point reducing blend component is selected from the group consisting of:
 a. an isomerized Fischer-Tropsch derived bottoms product;   b. a bottoms product prepared from an isomerized highly waxy mineral oil; or   c. an isomerized oil having a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. of at least about 8 mm 2 /s made from polyethylene plastic.   
   
   
       48 . A lubricating oil, consisting essentially of:
 a. between 20 and 70 wt % based on the total lubricating oil of one or more base oil fractions having:
 i. consecutive numbers of carbon atoms; 
 ii. a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. between about 1.5 and about 3.5 mm 2 /s; 
 iii. between about 90 wt % and about 97 wt % paraffinic carbon; 
 iv. between about 3 wt % and about 10 wt % naphthenic carbon; 
 v. less than 0.01 wt % aromatic carbon; 
   b. between 0.5 and 25 wt % based on the total lubricating oil of a pour point reducing blend component;   c. less than about 5 wt % based on the total lubricating oil of a hydrocarbon solvent having a maximum boiling point less than 250 degrees C.;   d. from about 1 wt % to about 25 wt % based on the total lubricating oil of a detergent/dispersant additive package;   e. from about 1 wt % to about 50 wt % based on the total lubricating oil of a smoke-suppression agent; and   f. less than 0.1 wt % based on the total lubricating oil of a pour point depressant; and    wherein the lubricating oil has a blend kinematic viscosity at 100° C. of 6.5 mm 2 /s or greater, good low temperature fluidity at −25° C., and an exhaust smoke index of greater than 65.