Process for making a two-cycle gasoline engine lubricant

Abstract

A process to prepare a lubricating oil meeting JASO M345:2003 requirements, comprising: hydroisomerization dewaxing a feed to produce a base oil and blending the base oil with less than 5 wt % solvent and a detergent/dispersant additive package. A process for making lubricating oil, comprising blending together a pour point reduced base oil blend with a detergent/dispersant additive package, a smoke-suppression agent, optionally a pour point depressant, and optionally less than about 5 wt % hydrocarbon solvent, whereby a two-cycle gasoline engine lubricant is produced. A process to make a two-cycle gasoline engine lubricant, comprising preparing a pour point reducing blend component by isomerizing a feed, blending it with a light distillate base oil to produce a pour point reduced base oil blend, and blending the pour point reduced base oil blend with a detergent/dispersant additive package and less than 5 wt % solvent. A lubricating oil made by the process described herein.

1 . A process to prepare a lubricating oil, comprising:
 a. hydroisomerization dewaxing a substantially paraffinic wax feed, whereby a lubricating base oil is produced; and   b. blending one or more fractions of the lubricating base oil with:
 i. less than about 5 wt. % based on the total lubricating oil composition of a hydrocarbon solvent having a maximum boiling point less than 250 degrees C., and 
 ii. a detergent/dispersant additive package; whereby the lubricating oil meets the requirements of JASO M345:2003. 
   
   
   
       2 . The process of  claim 1 , wherein the substantially paraffinic wax feed is Fischer-Tropsch derived. 
   
   
       3 . The process of  claim 2 , wherein a feedstock for a Fischer-Tropsch process used to produce the substantially paraffinic wax feed is a hydrocarbonaceous resource selected from the group of biomass, natural gas, coal, shale oil, petroleum, municipal waste, derivatives of these, and combinations thereof. 
   
   
       4 . The process of  claim 1 , wherein the hydroisomerization dewaxing uses a catalyst comprising a shape selective intermediate pore size molecular sieve, a noble metal hydrogenation component, and a refractory oxide support. 
   
   
       5 . The process of  claim 4 , wherein the shape selective intermediate pore size molecular sieve is selected from the group consisting of SAPO-11, SAPO-31, SAPO-41, SM 3, ZSM-22, ZSM-23, ZSM-35, ZSM-48, ZSM-57, SSZ-32 offretite, ferrierite, and combinations thereof. 
   
   
       6 . The process of  claim 4 , wherein the noble metal hydrogenation component is platinum, palladium, or combinations thereof. 
   
   
       7 . The process of  claim 1 , comprising blending the one or more fractions of the lubricating base oil with less than about 2 wt % based on the total lubricating oil composition of a hydrocarbon solvent having a maximum boiling point less than 250 degrees C. 
   
   
       8 . The process of  claim 7  comprising blending the one or more fractions of the lubricating base oil with essentially no hydrocarbon solvent. 
   
   
       9 . The process of  claim 1 , additionally comprising blending the one or more fractions of the lubricating base oil with a smoke-suppression agent selected from the group of polybutene, polyisobutylene, and mixtures thereof. 
   
   
       10 . The process of  claim 1  additionally comprising blending the one or more fractions of the lubricating base oil with a pour point depressant. 
   
   
       11 . The process of  claim 1 , additionally comprising blending the one or more fractions of the lubricating base oil with a pour point reducing blend component. 
   
   
       12 . The process of  claim 1 , wherein the one or more fractions of the lubricating base oil have a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. between about 1.5 and about 3.5 mm 2 /s. 
   
   
       13 . The process of  claim 1 , wherein the one or more fractions of the lubricating base oil have a Noack volatility of less than 90 wt %. 
   
   
       14 . The process of  claim 13 , wherein the one or more fractions of the lubricating base oil have a kinematic viscosity between 1.5 and 4.0 mm 2 /s and a Noack volatility less than a Noack Volatility Factor (1)=160−(40×kinematic viscosity at 100° C.). 
   
   
       15 . The process of  claim 14 , wherein the one or more fractions of the lubricating base oil have a kinematic viscosity between 2.09 and 4.0 mm 2 /s and a Noack volatility less than a Noack Volatility Factor (2)=(900×(kinematic viscosity at 100° C.) −2.8 )−15. 
   
   
       16 . The process of  claim 1 , wherein the one or more fractions of the lubricating base oil have greater than about 90 wt % paraffinic carbon and less than 0.01 wt % aromatic carbon by ASTM D3238-95 (2005). 
   
   
       17 . The process of  claim 1  wherein the one or more fractions of the lubricating base oil have an Oxidator BN greater than 35 hours. 
   
   
       18 . The process of  claim 1 , wherein the lubricating oil has a flash point by ASTM D92-05a greater than 120° C. 
   
   
       19 . The process of  claim 1 , wherein the lubricating base oil has a viscosity index greater than 28×Ln(KineMatic Viscosity at 100° C.)+95. 
   
   
       20 . A process for making a lubricating oil, comprising:
 a. blending together:
 i. one or more fractions of base oil having a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. between about 1.5 and about 3.5 mm 2 /s, and 
 ii. a pour point reducing blend component, to produce a pour point reduced base oil blend: 
   b. adding to the pour point reduced base oil blend:
 i. a: detergent/dispersant additive package; 
 ii. a smoke-suppression agent; 
 iii optionally a pour point depressant; and 
 iv. optionally less than about 5 wt % hydrocarbon solvent having a maximum boiling point less than 250 degrees C.; 
   
     whereby a two-cycle gasoline engine lubricant is produced. 
   
   
       21 . The process of  claim 20 , wherein the two-cycle gasoline engine lubricant has:
 (a) a good low temperature fluidity at −25° C.;   (b) a passing result in the miscibility test by ASTM D4682-87 (Reapproved 2002) at −25° C.;   (c) an exhaust smoke index of greater than 65; and   (d) a pour point less than or equal to about −35° C.   
   
   
       22 . The process of  claim 20 , wherein the one or more fractions of base oil are made from a waxy feed. 
   
   
       23 . The process of  claim 20 , wherein the exhaust smoke index is greater than or equal to 85. 
   
   
       24 . The process of  claim 20 , wherein the pour point is less than or equal to about −40° C. 
   
   
       25 . The process of  claim 20 , wherein the smoke-suppression agent is polyisobutylene. 
   
   
       26 . The process of  claim 20 , wherein the hydrocarbon solvent is a dearomatized aliphatic solvent. 
   
   
       27 . The process of  claim 20 , wherein essentially no hydrocarbon solvent is added. 
   
   
       28 . The process of  claim 20 , wherein the pour point reducing blend component has a traction coefficient less than 0.015 when measured at a kinematic viscosity of 15 mm 2 /s and at a slide to roll ratio of 40%. 
   
   
       29 . A process for making a two-cycle gasoline engine lubricant meeting the JASO M345:2003 requirements, comprising:
 a. preparing a pour point reducing blend component by isomerizing a feed;   b. blending the pour point reducing blend component with
 i. a distillate base oil having a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. between about 1.5 and about 3.5 mm 2 /s to produce a pour point reduced base oil blend; 
   c. blending the pour point reduced base oil blend with:
 i. a detergent/dispersant additive package; and 
 ii. less than 5 wt %/, based on the total two-cycle gasoline engine lubricant, of a hydrocarbon solvent having a maximum boiling point less than 250 degrees C.; 
    in the proper proportions to yield the two-cycle gasoline engine lubricant.   
   
   
       30 . The process of  claim 29 , wherein the feed is selected from the group of Fischer-Tropsch derived wax, petroleum derived wax, plastic, and mixtures thereof. 
   
   
       31 . The process of  claim 29 , wherein the pour point reducing blend component is selected from the group consisting of:
 a. an isomerized Fischer-Tropsch derived bottoms product;   b. a bottoms product prepared from an isomerized highly waxy mineral oil;   c. an isomerized oil having a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. of at least about 8 mm 2 /s made from polyethylene plastic; and   d. mixtures thereof.   
   
   
       32 . The process of  claim 29 , wherein the pour point reducing blend component is prepared by:
 i. pyrolysis of a polyethylene plastic;   ii. separating out a heavy fraction from the pyrolysis step;   iii. hydrotreating the heavy fraction;   iv. catalytic isomerizing the hydrotreated heavy fraction; and   v. selecting a fraction of the isomerized product having a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. of at least about 8 mm 2 /s.   
   
   
       33 . The process of  claim 29 , wherein the pour point reducing blend component has a traction coefficient less than 0.015 when measured at a kinematic viscosity of 15 mm 2 /s and at a slide to roll ratio of 40%. 
   
   
       34 . The process of  claim 29 , wherein the two-cycle gasoline engine lubricant has a good low temperature fluidity at −25° C. 
   
   
       35 . The process of  claim 29 , wherein the two-cycle gasoline engine lubricant has an exhaust smoke index of greater than 65. 
   
   
       36 . The process of  claim 29 , wherein the two-cycle gasoline engine lubricant has a wt % sulfated ash of 0.18 or less. 
   
   
       37 . The process of  claim 29 , additionally comprising blending the pour point reducing blend components with a smoke-suppression agent. 
   
   
       38 . The process of  claim 29 , wherein the distillate base oil is Fischer-Tropsch derived. 
   
   
       39 . A lubricating oil made by a process, comprising.
 a. hydroisomerization dewaxing a substantially paraffinic wax feed, whereby a lubricating base oil is produced; and   b. blending one or more fractions of the lubricating base oil with:
 i. less than about 5 wt % based on the total lubricating oil composition of a hydrocarbon solvent having a maximum boiling point less than 250 degrees C., and 
 ii. a detergent/dispersant additive package; whereby the lubricating oil meets the requirements of JASO M345:2003. 
   
   
   
       40 . The lubricating oil made by the process of  claim 39 , wherein the substantially paraffinic wax feed is Fischer-Tropsch derived. 
   
   
       41 . The lubricating oil made by the process of  claim 39 , wherein the hydroisomerization dewaxing uses a catalyst comprising a shape selective intermediate pore size molecular sieve, a noble metal hydrogenation component, and a refractory oxide support. 
   
   
       42 . The lubricating oil made by the process of  claim 39 , comprising blending the one or more fractions of the lubricating base oil with less than about 2 wt % based on the total lubricating oil of a hydrocarbon solvent having a maximum boiling point less than 250 degrees C. 
   
   
       43 . The lubricating oil made by the process of  claim 39 , comprising blending the one or more fractions of the lubricating base oil with essentially no hydrocarbon solvent. 
   
   
       44 . The lubricating oil made by the process of  claim 39 , additionally comprising blending the one or more fractions of the lubricating base oil with a smoke-suppression agent selected from the group of polybutene, polyisobutylene, and mixtures thereof. 
   
   
       45 . The lubricating oil made by the process of  claim 39 , additionally comprising blending the one or more fractions of the lubricating base oil with a pour point depressant. 
   
   
       46 . The lubricating oil made by the process of  claim 39 , wherein the one or more fractions of the lubricating base oil have greater than about 90 wt % paraffinic carbon and less than 0.01 wt % aromatic carbon by ASTM D3238-95 (2005). 
   
   
       47 . The lubricating oil made by the process of  claim 39 , meeting the requirements of JASO M345:2003, Classification C or Classification D. 
   
   
       48 . The lubricating oil made by the process of  claim 39 , meeting the requirements of ISO 13738:2000(E). 
   
   
       49 . The lubricating oil made by the process of  claim 39 , having a good low temperature fluidity at −25° C. 
   
   
       50 . The lubricating oil made by the process of  claim 39  having a passing result in the miscibility test by ASTM D4682-87(Reapproved 2002) at −10° C. or at −25° C.