Trivalent chromium compounds, compositions and methods of use

Abstract

The present invention provides chromium compounds, specifically chromium dinicocysteinate, which possess the ability to improve insulin sensitization, glucose tolerance, bioavailability, efficacy, and safety, and methods for their use.

1 . An isolated and purified complex of trivalent chromium dinicocysteinate. 
   
   
       2 . The isolated and purified complex of  claim 1 , which is water-soluble and heat stable. 
   
   
       3 . A composition comprising the isolated and purified complex of  claim 1 . 
   
   
       4 . The composition of  claim 3  further comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable oral, topical, or intravenous carrier or a food or beverage safe carrier. 
   
   
       5 . The composition of  claim 4 , wherein the composition is in the form of a pill, a tablet, a capsule, a powder, a lozenge, a gum, a liquid, a solution, a dietary supplement, a food, a beverage, or a topical composition. 
   
   
       6 . A method for treating or preventing diabetes, the method comprising administering a biologically effective amount of a composition comprising trivalent chromium dinicocysteinate. 
   
   
       7 . The method of  claim 6 , wherein the biologically effective amount increases vitamin C levels. 
   
   
       8 . The method of  claim 6 , wherein the biologically effective amount comprises about 10 μg to about 1000 μg of elemental chromium. 
   
   
       9 . The method of  claim 6 , wherein the composition is administered daily. 
   
   
       10 . The method of  claim 6 , wherein the biologically effective amount comprises about 400 μg of elemental chromium. 
   
   
       11 . The method of  claim 6 , wherein the subject is a mammal. 
   
   
       12 . The method of  claim 11 , wherein the mammal is human. 
   
   
       13 . The method of  claim 11 , wherein the mammal is a swine. 
   
   
       14 . The method of  claim 6 , wherein the subject is avian. 
   
   
       15 . A method for treating symptoms associated with diabetes or with the onset of diabetes, the method comprising administering a biologically effective amount of a composition comprising trivalent chromium dinicocysteinate to a subject suffering from symptoms associated with diabetes or with the onset of diabetes. 
   
   
       16 . The method of  claim 15 , wherein symptoms associated with diabetes or with the onset of diabetes are treated by lowering the blood levels of one or more of fasting glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, monocyte chemotactic protein-1, intracellular adhesion molecule, and red blood cell lipid peroxidase. 
   
   
       17 . The method of  claim 15 , wherein symptoms associated with diabetes or with the onset of diabetes are treated by increasing the blood levels of one or both of vitamin C and adiponectin. 
   
   
       18 . A method for treating symptoms associated with inflammation, the method comprising administering a biologically effective amount of a composition comprising trivalent chromium dinicocysteinate to a subject suffering from inflammation. 
   
   
       19 . The method of  claim 18 , wherein symptoms are associated with atherosclerosis. 
   
   
       20 . A method for treating symptoms associated with cardiovascular disease, the method comprising administering a biologically effective amount of a composition comprising trivalent chromium dinicocysteinate to a subject suffering from symptoms associated with cardiovascular disease. 
   
   
       21 . The method of  claim 20 , wherein symptoms associated with cardiovascular disease are treated by lowering elevated LDL cholesterol, VLDL cholesterol, triglycerides, C-reactive protein, blood pressure and/or vascular inflammation levels, and/or increasing HDL cholesterol levels. 
   
   
       22 . A method for treating symptoms associated with obesity or overweight individuals, the method comprising administering a biologically effective amount of a composition comprising trivalent chromium dinicocysteinate to a subject suffering from symptoms associated with obesity or overweight individuals. 
   
   
       23 . The method of  claim 22 , wherein symptoms associated with obesity or overweight individuals are treated by lowering body weight, body fat and/or body mass index, and/or increasing lean body mass.