Accelerants for the Modification of Non-Natural Amino Acids and Non-Natural Amino Acid Polypeptides

Abstract

Disclosed herein are accelerants for the formation of oxime-containing compounds from the reaction of a carbonyl-containing compound and a hydroxylamine-containing compound. The oxime-containing compound, the carbonyl-containing compound and the hydroxylamine-containing compound can each be a non-natural amino acid or a non-natural amino acid polypeptide. Also disclosed is the use of such accelerants to form oxime-containing compounds, the resulting oxime-containing compounds, and reaction mixtures containing such accelerants.

1 . A reaction mixture comprising a compound comprising an aromatic ketone moiety, a compound comprising a hydroxylamine moiety, and an accelerant selecting from the group consisting of bifunctional aromatic amines, oxoamine derivatives, and compounds having the following structures: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein R x , R y  and R z  are selected from the group consisting of: L x -H, L x -alkyl, L x -aryl, L x -heteroaryl, L x -alkenyl, L x -alkynyl, L x -alkoxy, and L x -alkylamine, where L x  is a bond, C(═O), C(═NH), C(═NH)—NH, SO, and SO 2 . 
   
   
       2 . The reaction mixture of  claim 1 , wherein the compound comprising an aromatic ketone moiety is an amino acid or a polypeptide. 
   
   
       3 . The reaction mixture of  claim 1 , wherein the compound comprising an aromatic ketone moiety has the structure: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein:
 R is alkyl, substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, or substituted cycloalkyl; 
 R 1  is H, an amino protecting group, resin, amino acid, polypeptide, or polynucleotide; and 
 R 2  is OH, an ester protecting group, resin, amino acid, polypeptide, or polynucleotide; 
 wherein each R a  is independently selected from the group consisting of H, halogen, alkyl, substituted alkyl, —N(R′) 2 , —C(O) k R′ where k is 1, 2, or 3, —C(O)N(R′) 2 , —OR′, and —S(O) k R′, 
 
   
   
       4 . The reaction mixture of  claim 1 , wherein the compound comprising a hydroxylamine moiety further comprises a polymer moiety. 
   
   
       5 . The reaction mixture of  claim 1 , wherein the compound comprising a hydroxylamine moiety has the structure: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein:
 each L is a linker independently selected from the group consisting of alkylene, substituted alkylene, alkenylene, substituted alkenylene, —O—, —O-(alkylene or substituted alkylene)-, —S—, —S-(alkylene or substituted alkylene)-, —S(O) k — where k is 1, 2, or 3, —S(O) k (alkylene or substituted alkylene)-, —C(O)—, —C(O)-(alkylene or substituted alkylene)-, —C(S)—, —C(S)-(alkylene or substituted alkylene)-, —N(R′)—, —NR′-(alkylene or substituted alkylene)-, —C(O)N(R′)—, —CON(R′)-(alkylene or substituted alkylene)-, -(alkylene or substituted alkylene)NR′C(O)O-(alkylene or substituted alkylene)-, —O—CON(R′)-(alkylene or substituted alkylene)-, —CSN(R′)—, —CSN(R′)-(alkylene or substituted alkylene)-, —N(R′)CO-(alkylene or substituted alkylene)-, —N(R′)C(O)O—, —N(R′)C(O)O-(alkylene or substituted alkylene)-, —S(O) k N(R′)—, —N(R′)C(O)N(R′)—, —N(R′)C(O)N(R′)-(alkylene or substituted alkylene)-, —N(R′)C(S)N(R′)—, —N(R′)S(O) k N(R′)—, —N(R′)—N—, —C(R′)═N—, —C(R′)═N—N(R′)—, —C(R′)═N—N═, —C(R′) 2 —N═N—, and —C(R′) 2 —N(R′)—N(R′)—, where each R′ is independently H, alkyl, or substituted alkyl. 
 
   
   
       6 . The reaction mixture of  claim 1 , wherein the accelerant is a bifunctional aromatic amine. 
   
   
       7 . The reaction mixture of  claim 1 , wherein the accelerant is an oxoamine derivative. 
   
   
       8 . A method for derivatizing an amino acid of Formula (III), the method comprising contacting the amino acid with a reagent of Formula (XXVII) in the presence of an accelerant, wherein Formula (III) corresponds to: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein:
 R is alkyl, substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, or substituted cycloalkyl; 
 R 1  is H, an amino protecting group, resin, amino acid, polypeptide, or polynucleotide; and 
 R 2  is OH, an ester protecting group, resin, amino acid, polypeptide, or polynucleotide; 
 wherein each R a  is independently selected from the group consisting of H, halogen, alkyl, substituted alkyl, —N(R′) 2 , —C(O) k R′ where k is 1, 2, or 3, —C(O)N(R′) 2 , —OR′, and —S(O) k R′, 
 
     wherein Formula (XXVII) corresponds to: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein:
 each L is a linker independently selected from the group consisting of alkylene, substituted alkylene, alkenylene, substituted alkenylene, —O—, —O-(alkylene or substituted alkylene)-, —S—, —S-(alkylene or substituted alkylene)-, —S(O) k — where k is 1, 2, or 3, —S(O) k (alkylene or substituted alkylene)-, —C(O)—, —C(O)-(alkylene or substituted alkylene)-, —C(S)—, —C(S)-(alkylene or substituted alkylene)-, —N(R′)—, —NR′-(alkylene or substituted alkylene)-, —C(O)N(R′)—, —CON(R′)-(alkylene or substituted alkylene)-, -(alkylene or substituted alkylene)NR′C(O)O-(alkylene or substituted alkylene)-, —O—CON(R′)-(alkylene or substituted alkylene)-, —CSN(R′)—, —CSN(R′)-(alkylene or substituted alkylene)-, —N(R′)CO-(alkylene or substituted alkylene)-, —N(R′)C(O)O—, —N(R′)C(O)O-(alkylene or substituted alkylene)-, —S(O) k N(R′)—, —N(R′)C(O)N(R′)—, —N(R′)C(O)N(R′)-(alkylene or substituted alkylene)-, —N(R′)C(S)N(R′)—, —N(R′)S(O) k N(R′)—, —N(R′)—N═, —C(R′)═N—, —C(R′)═N—N(R′)—, —C(R′)═N—N═, —C(R′) 2 —N═N—, and —C(R′) 2 —N(R′)—N(R′)—, where each R′ is independently H, alkyl, or substituted alkyl; and 
 wherein the accelerant is selected from the group consisting of bifunctional aromatic amines, oxoamine derivatives, and compounds having the following structures: 
 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       wherein R x , R y  and R z  are selected from the group consisting of: L x -H, L x -alkyl, L x -aryl, L x -heteroaryl, L x -alkenyl, L x -alkynyl, L x -alkoxy, and L x -alkylamine, where L x  is a bond, C(═O), C(═NH), C(═NH)—NH and SO, SO 2 . 
     
   
   
       9 . The method of  claim 8 , wherein R is alkyl. 
   
   
       10 . The method of  claim 8 , wherein R is CH 3 . 
   
   
       11 . The method of  claim 8 , wherein the accelerant has the structure: H 2 N—NH—C(O)—R b , wherein R b  is alkyl, substituted alkyl, NH—NH 2 , H, and alkoxy. 
   
   
       12 . The method of  claim 11 , wherein R b  is alkyl or alkoxy. 
   
   
       13 . The method of  claim 8 , wherein the accelerant is selected from the group consisting of the compounds identified as 6, 7, 8, 10, and 20 of  FIG. 5 . 
   
   
       14 . The method of  claim 8 , wherein the accelerant is a bifunctional aromatic amine. 
   
   
       15 . The method of  claim 14 , wherein the bifunctional aromatic amine is selected from the group consisting of:
 Bifunctional aromatic amines:   
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
   
   
       16 . The method of  claim 8 , wherein the accelerant is an oxoamine derivative. 
   
   
       17 . The method of  claim 16 , wherein the oxoamine is selected from the group consisting of:
 Oxoamine derivatives:   
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
   
   
       18 . The method of  claim 8 , wherein the molecular weight of the PEG group is between about 1,000 Da and about 40,000 Da. 
   
   
       19 . The method of  claim 8 , wherein the amino acid is contacted with the reagent of Formula (XXVII) in aqueous solution at about room temperature. 
   
   
       20 . The method of  claim 8 , wherein the amino acid is contacted with the reagent of Formula (XXVII) in aqueous solution at a pH between about 4 to about 10. 
   
   
       21 . The method of  claim 8 , wherein the molar ratio of amino acid to the reagent of Formula (XXVII) is selected from the group of about 1:2; 1:1; 1.5:1; 1.5:2; 2:1; 1:1.5; 2:1.5; and 1.5 to 2. 
   
   
       22 . The method of  claim 8 , wherein the amino acid of Formula (III) has been incorporated site-specifically during the in vivo translation of a polypeptide. 
   
   
       23 . The method of  claim 8 , wherein the derivatized amino acid comprises at least one oxime containing amino acid having the structure of Formula (XI-A): 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein:
 R is H, alkyl, substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, or substituted cycloalkyl; 
 R 1  is H, an amino protecting group, resin, amino acid, polypeptide, or polynucleotide; and 
 R 2  is OH, an ester protecting group, resin, amino acid, polypeptide, or polynucleotide; 
 wherein each R a  is independently selected from the group consisting of H, halogen, alkyl, substituted alkyl, —N(R′) 2 , —C(O) k R′ where k is 1, 2, or 3, —C(O)N(R′) 2 , —OR′, and —S(O) k R1, 
 R 5  is L-X, where
 X is a PEG; and 
 L is optional, and when present is a linker selected from the group consisting of alkylene, substituted alkylene, alkenylene, substituted alkenylene, —O—, —O-(alkylene or substituted alkylene)-, —S—, —S-(alkylene or substituted alkylene)-, —S(O) k — where k is 1, 2, or 3, —S(O) k (alkylene or substituted alkylene)-, —C(O)—, —C(O)-(alkylene or substituted alkylene)-, —C(S)—, —C(S)-(alkylene or substituted alkylene)-, —N(R′)—, —NR′-(alkylene or substituted alkylene)-, —C(O)N(R′)—, —CON(R′)-(alkylene or substituted alkylene)-, —CSN(R′)—, —CSN(R′)-(alkylene or substituted alkylene)-, —N(R′)CO-(alkylene or substituted alkylene)-, —N(R′)C(O)O—, —S(O) k N(R′)—, —N(R′)C(O)N(R′)—, —N(R′)C(S)N(R′)—, —N(R′)S(O) k N(R′)—, —N(R′)—N═, —C(R′)═N—, —C(R′)═N—N(R′)—, —C(R′)═N—N═, —C(R′) 2 —N═N—, and —C(R′) 2 —N(R′)—N(R′)—, where each R′ is independently H, alkyl, or substituted alkyl. 
 
 
   
   
       24 . The derivatized amino acid of  claim 23 . 
   
   
       25 . The derivatized amino acid of  claim 24 , wherein the amino acid is incorporated into a therapeutic protein that is a member of the growth hormone supergene family. 
   
   
       26 . The derivatized amino acid of  claim 25 , wherein the therapeutic protein is human growth hormone.