US2009165365A1PendingUtilityA1
Residual fuel oil additive
Individually held — no corporate assignee on recordPriority: Dec 21, 2005Filed: Dec 21, 2006Published: Jul 2, 2009
Est. expiryDec 21, 2025(expired)· nominal 20-yr term from priority
Inventors:Frederick L. Jordan
C10L 9/10C10L 1/305C10L 1/10C10L 1/1241C10L 1/1802C10L 1/1886C10L 9/12C10L 10/02Y02E50/10Y02E50/30
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Claims
Abstract
Fuel additives are disclosed for high-asphaltene carbonaceous fuels such as residual fuel oil or coal. Such additives provide improved combustion characteristics. Such improved combustion characteristics include one or both of improved efficiency and decreased emissions of pollutants. In particular, the fuel additives include an extract from a plant such as fescue, alfeque, or alfalfa, and optionally, an organometallic compound. The use of a fuel additive including both a plant extract and an organometallic compound is particularly useful in improving the combustion characteristics of fuels with particularly high asphaltene content.
Claims
exact text as granted — not AI-modified1 . A fuel additive for improving the combustion characteristics of a high-asphaltene carbonaceous fuel, the fuel additive comprising:
a plant extract; and an organometallic compound.
2 . The fuel additive of claim 1 wherein the plant extract is an extract of a plant from the Leguminosae family.
3 . The fuel additive of claim 2 wherein the plant extract is selected from the group consisting of fescue extract, alfeque extract, alfalfa extract, and combinations thereof.
4 . The fuel additive of claim 3 wherein the organometallic compound is a hydrocarbon-soluble organometallic compound containing at least one metal selected from the first and second row transition metals.
5 . The fuel additive of claim 4 wherein the metal of the organometallic compound is iron
6 . The fuel additive of claim 5 wherein the organometallic compound is selected from the group consisting of iron pentacarbonyl, iron naphthenate, ferrocene, and combinations thereof.
7 . The fuel additive of claim 1 wherein the organometallic compound is a hydrocarbon-soluble organometallic compound containing at least one metal selected from the first and second row transition metals.
8 . The fuel additive of claim 7 wherein the metal of the organometallic compound is iron
9 . The fuel additive of claim 8 wherein the organometallic compound is selected from the group consisting of iron pentacarbonyl, iron naphthenate, ferrocene, and combinations thereof.
10 . The fuel additive of claim 1 further comprising an oil-soluble carrier.
11 . The fuel additive of claim 10 wherein the oil-soluble carrier is an aromatic solvent.
12 . The fuel additive of claim 10 wherein the plant extract is provided in an amount from about 0.01 wt. % to about 10 wt. % of the fuel additive.
13 . The fuel additive of claim 12 wherein the plant extract is provided in an amount from about 0.05 wt. % to about 5 wt. % of the fuel additive.
14 . The fuel additive of claim 13 wherein the plant extract is provided in an amount of about 0.5 wt. % of the fuel additive.
15 . The fuel additive of claim 1 further comprising a material selected from meadowfoam oil, a carotenoid, an anti-oxidant, and combinations thereof.
16 . The fuel additive of claim 1 further comprising meadowfoam oil, a carotenoid, and an anti-oxidant.
17 . The fuel additive of claim 16 wherein the carotenoid comprises β-carotene.
18 . The fuel additive of claim 16 wherein the anti-oxidant comprises a dihydroquinoline.
19 . The fuel additive of claim 18 wherein the dihydroquinoline comprises 2,2,4-trimethyl-6-ethoxy-1,2-dihydroquinoline.
20 . The fuel additive of claim 1 wherein the plant extract is extracted by a hydrocarbon-soluble polar or nonpolar solvent.
21 . A method of improving the combustion characteristics of a high-asphaltene carbonaceous fuel comprising adding a fuel additive to the high-asphaltene carbonaceous fuel, the fuel additive comprising:
a plant extract; and an organometallic compound.
22 . The method of claim 21 wherein the plant extract is an extract of a plant from the Leguminosae family.
23 . The method of claim 22 wherein the plant extract is selected from the group consisting of fescue extract, alfeque extract, alfalfa extract, and combinations thereof.
24 . The method of claim 23 wherein the organometallic compound is a hydrocarbon-soluble organometallic compound with a metal selected from the first and second row transition metals.
25 . The method of claim 24 wherein the metal of the organometallic compound is iron.
26 . The method of claim 25 wherein the organometallic compound is selected from the group consisting of iron pentacarbonyl, iron naphthenate, ferrocene, and combinations thereof.
27 . The method of claim 21 wherein the organometallic compound is a hydrocarbon-soluble organometallic compound with a metal selected from the first and second row transition metals.
28 . The method of claim 27 wherein the metal of the organometallic compound is iron.
29 . The method of claim 28 wherein the organometallic compound is selected from the group consisting of iron pentacarbonyl, iron naphthenate, ferrocene, and combinations thereof.
30 . The method of claim 21 wherein the fuel additive further comprises an oil-soluble carrier.
31 . The method of claim 21 wherein the oil-soluble carrier is an aromatic solvent.
32 . The method of claim 21 wherein the high-asphaltene carbonaceous fuel is selected from residual fuel oil and coal.
33 . The method of claim 32 wherein the plant extract is provided in an amount from about 0.5 ppm to about 10,000 ppm of the amount of high-asphaltene carbonaceous fuel.
34 . The method of claim 33 wherein the plant extract is provided in an amount from about 200 ppm to about 2000 ppm of the amount of high-asphaltene carbonaceous fuel.
35 . The method of claim 34 wherein the plant extract is provided in an amount of about 800 ppm of the amount of high-asphaltene carbonaceous fuel.
36 . The method of claim 21 wherein the fuel additive further comprises a material selected from meadowfoam oil, a carotenoid, an anti-oxidant, and combinations thereof.
37 . The method of claim 21 wherein the fuel additive further comprises meadowfoam oil, a carotenoid, and an anti-oxidant.
38 . The method of claim 37 wherein the carotenoid comprises β-carotene.
39 . The method of claim 37 wherein the anti-oxidant comprises a dihydroquinoline.
40 . The method of claim 39 wherein the dihydroquinoline comprises 2,2,4-trimethyl-6-ethoxy-1,2-dihydroquinoline.
41 . The method of claim 21 wherein the plant extract is extracted by a hydrocarbon-soluble polar or nonpolar solvent.
42 . A fuel comprising a high-asphaltene carbonaceous fuel and a fuel additive, the fuel additive comprising:
a plant extract; and an organometallic compound.
43 . The fuel of claim 42 wherein the plant extract is an extract of a plant from the Leguminosae family.
44 . The fuel of claim 43 wherein the plant extract is selected from the group consisting of fescue extract, alfeque extract, alfalfa extract, and combinations thereof.
45 . The fuel of claim 42 wherein the organometallic compound is a hydrocarbon-soluble organometallic compound with a metal selected from the first and second row transition metals.
46 . The fuel of claim 45 wherein the organometallic compound is selected from the group consisting of iron pentacarbonyl, iron naphthenate, ferrocene, and combinations thereof.
47 . The fuel of claim 42 wherein high-asphaltene carbonaceous fuel is selected from residual fuel oil and coal.
48 . The fuel of claim 47 wherein the plant extract is provided in an amount from about 0.5 ppm to about 10,000 ppm of the high-asphaltene carbonaceous fuel.
49 . The fuel of claim 48 wherein the plant extract is provided in an amount from about 200 ppm to about 2000 ppm of the high-asphaltene carbonaceous fuel.
50 . The fuel of claim 49 wherein the plant extract is provided in an amount of about 800 ppm of the high-asphaltene carbonaceous fuel
51 . The fuel of claim 42 further comprising a material selected from meadowfoam oil, a carotenoid, an anti-oxidant, and combinations thereof
52 . The fuel of claim 42 further comprising meadowfoam oil, a carotenoid, and an anti-oxidant.
53 . The fuel of claim 52 wherein the carotenoid comprises β-carotene.
54 . The fuel of claim 52 wherein the anti-oxidant comprises a dihydroquinoline.
55 . The fuel of claim 54 wherein the dihydroquinoline comprises 2,2,4-trimethyl-6-ethoxy-1,2-dihydroquinoline.
56 . The fuel of claim 42 wherein the plant extract is extracted by a hydrocarbon-soluble polar or nonpolar solvent.Join the waitlist — get patent alerts
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