Compression expanded cannula

Abstract

Various methods and devices are provided for accessing an interior surgical site using an access portal which can be inserted and removed with minimal tissue damage and which can form a seal with tissue while inserted. Generally, a device is provided having a rigid elongate surgical access member with a lumen extending therethrough that is configured to receive a surgical tool. The device can also include a flexible sleeve having a lumen extending therethrough that is configured to receive the elongate surgical access member. A substantially rigid collar is provided disposed adjacent to a proximal end of the flexible sleeve and having a lumen extending therethrough that is configured to receive the elongate surgical access member. In an exemplary embodiment, the collar is movable relative to the elongate surgical access member to selectively configure the flexible sleeve in a relaxed condition in which the flexible sleeve has a relatively smooth outer tissue-contacting surface and a compressed condition in which the flexible sleeve has a plurality of protrusions formed on the outer tissue-contacting surface that are configured to create a seal between the outer tissue-contacting surface and tissue.

1 . A surgical access device, comprising:
 an elongate surgical access member having a lumen extending therethrough that is configured to receive a surgical tool;   a flexible sleeve member having a lumen extending therethrough that is configured to receive the elongate surgical access member; and   a substantially rigid collar member disposed adjacent to a proximal end of the flexible sleeve and having a lumen extending therethrough that is configured to receive the elongate surgical access member, the collar member being movable relative to the elongate surgical access member to selectively configure the flexible sleeve in a relaxed condition in which the flexible sleeve has a relatively smooth outer surface and a compressed condition in which the flexible sleeve has a plurality of protrusions formed on the outer surface that are configured to create a seal between the outer surface and tissue,   wherein the flexible sleeve is normally in the relaxed condition and is configured to receive a compressive force to be configured in the compressed condition.   
   
   
       2 . The device of  claim 1 , wherein the plurality of protrusions are configured to increase an outer diameter of the flexible sleeve in the compressed condition. 
   
   
       3 . The device of  claim 1 , wherein the plurality of protrusions are one of threads and ribs. 
   
   
       4 . The device of  claim 1 , wherein the collar member includes threads formed on an interior surface thereof which are configured to mate to corresponding threads formed on an exterior surface of the elongate surgical access member. 
   
   
       5 . The device of  claim 4 , wherein the collar member is configured to rotate via the mated threads and move in a distal direction to move the flexible sleeve distally into the compressed condition. 
   
   
       6 . The device of  claim 1 , wherein the device further comprises at least one camming member in communication with the rigid collar member. 
   
   
       7 . The device of  claim 6 , wherein the at least one camming member is rotatable to configure the flexible sleeve in a compressed condition. 
   
   
       8 . The device of  claim 1 , wherein the elongate surgical access member comprises a cage member coupled between the rigid collar member and a distal ring. 
   
   
       9 . The device of  claim 8 , wherein the rigid collar member is effective to move the cage member proximally to configure the flexible sleeve in a compressed condition. 
   
   
       10 . A surgical access device, comprising:
 a body defining a central longitudinal axis; and   a deformable surgical access member configured to be in communication with the body, the deformable surgical access member defining an outer tissue-contacting surface,   wherein the deformable surgical access member is configured to receive a compressive force to effect an increase in an outer diameter thereof to configure the outer tissue-contacting surface in a condition effective to form a seal with tissue.   
   
   
       11 . The device of  claim 10 , wherein the outer tissue-contacting surface contains threads configured to form a seal with tissue when a compressive force is applied to the deformable surgical access member. 
   
   
       12 . The device of  claim 10 , wherein the deformable surgical access member is disposed between a substantially rigid band disposed adjacent to a proximal end of the deformable surgical access member and a substantially rigid distal ring. 
   
   
       13 . The device of  claim 12 , wherein the substantially rigid band includes threads formed on an interior surface thereof and configured to mate with corresponding threads formed on an exterior surface of the body. 
   
   
       14 . The device of  claim 13 , wherein the substantially rigid band is configured to rotate via the mated threads to move the substantially rigid band distally and cause the outer tissue-contacting surface of the deformable surgical access member to form a seal with tissue. 
   
   
       15 . The device of  13 , wherein the body comprises a cage member, and the substantially rigid band is configured to rotate via the mated threads to move the cage member proximally to cause the outer tissue-contacting surface of the deformable surgical access member to form a seal with tissue. 
   
   
       16 . A method for providing instrument access within a patient, comprising:
 providing a cannula assembly including an elongate surgical access member with a bore formed therethrough configured to receive a surgical tool;   inserting the cannula assembly into an incision in a patient in an insertion condition in which the flexible sleeve has a relatively smooth exterior surface; and   applying a compressive force to the flexible sleeve to move the flexible sleeve from the insertion condition to a compressed condition in which the exterior surface of the flexible sleeve includes surface features which extend radially outward from the elongate surgical access member to form a seal with tissue.   
   
   
       17 . The method of  claim 16 , wherein an outer diameter of the flexible sleeve is greater in the compressed condition than in the insertion condition. 
   
   
       18 . The method of  claim 16 , further comprising inserting at least one surgical tool through the bore in the member to effect a surgical procedure. 
   
   
       19 . The method of  claim 16 , wherein the compressive force is applied by sliding a member distally relative to the elongate surgical access member. 
   
   
       20 . The method of  claim 16 , wherein the compressive force is applied by rotating a threaded member along complimentary threads on the elongate surgical access member. 
   
   
       21 . The method of  claim 16 , wherein the compressive force is applied by rotating at least one camming member. 
   
   
       22 . The method of  claim 16 , wherein the compressive force is applied by withdrawing a surgical tool from the elongate surgical access member and the flexible sleeve. 
   
   
       23 . The method of  claim 22 , wherein the compressed condition is the natural state of the flexible sleeve  114 .