Tricyclic-Nucleoside Prodrugs for Treating Viral Infections

Abstract

Disclosed are compounds, compositions and methods for treating viral infections caused by a Flaviviridae family virus, such as hepatitis C virus.

1 . A compound of Formula I: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein
    between Z 1  and Z 2 , between Z 2  and Z 3 , between Z 4  and R 1 , and between N and Z 4  indicates a bond that may be a single or a double bond and   indicates a single bond or no bond, provided that: 
 only one of the bonds between Z 1  and Z 2  and between Z 2  and Z 3  is a double bond; 
 when the bond between Z 4  and R 1  is a double bond, the bond between the N and Z 4  is a single bond, the bond between the N and (R) p  is a single bond and p is 1; 
 when the bond between Z 4  and R 1  is a single bond, the bond between the N and Z 4  atoms is a double bond, the bond between the N and (R) p  is absent and p is 0; 
 p is 0 or 1; 
 each R is independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl, substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl; 
 when the bond between Z 4  and R 1  is a single bond, then R 1  is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkoxy, substituted alkoxy, thiol, and alkylthioether; 
 when the bond between Z 4  and R 1  is a double bond, then R 1  is Q 1 ; 
 each of Z 1 , Z 2  and Z 3  is independently selected from the group consisting of CH, CH 2 , CH-Q 4 , C-Q 4 , C(Q 1 ), N,N—H, and N-Q provided that if one of Z 1 , or Z 3  is CH, N or C-Q 4  then Z 2  is CH or N or C-Q 4 ; 
 Z 4  is a carbon atom containing a double bond either with R 1  or with N; 
 Q is selected from the group consisting of alkyl and substituted alkyl; 
 Q 1  is ═O or ═S; 
 Q 3  is selected from the group consisting of OH, alkyl, substituted alkyl, amino, and substituted amino; 
 Q 4  is selected from the group consisting of halo, cyano, azido, amino, substituted amino, alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkenyl, substituted alkenyl, alkynyl, substituted alkynyl, acyl, acyloxy, carboxyl, carboxyl ester, acylamino, aminoacyl, alkoxy, substituted alkoxy, thiol, alkylthioether and —SO 2 -Q 3 ; 
 Y is selected from the group consisting of a bond, —CH 2 — or —O—; and 
 X is selected from the group consisting of O—W 2  and halo; 
 each of W, W 1  and W 2  is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C 1-4 alkyl, and a pharmaceutically acceptable prodrug group; 
 or pharmaceutically acceptable tautomers, salts or partial salts thereof; 
 provided that at least one of W 1  and W 2  is a pharmaceutically acceptable prodrug group; and 
 further provided that said compound, tautomer, salt, or partial salt is not represented by formula II or III or a tautomer, salt, or partial salt thereof 
 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein:
 Q′ is absent or is selected from the group consisting of O, S, and NH, provided that when Q′ is absent, V and NH are both attached to a CH 2  group; 
 V is selected from the group consisting of N and C-G; 
 Z is selected from the group consisting of N and C-G′; 
 V and Z are not identical; 
 G and G′ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, amino, aminocarbonyl, methylamino, dimethylamino, acylamino, alkoxyamino, —SO 3 H, —SO 2 NH 2 , aminocarbonylamino, oxycarbonylamino, HR′NCHR″C(O)NH—, azido, cyano, halo, hydroxyamino, and hydrazino where R′ is hydrogen and R″ is a side-chain of an amino acid or where R′ and R″ together with the nitrogen and carbon bound to each group respectively form a pyrrolidinyl group; 
 A and B are independently selected from the group consisting of C=Q″, NH, and methylene optionally substituted with 1 to 2 halo groups, provided that A and B are not both NH; 
 D is NH, or -D-A-B— together form a —N═CH—NH—, —(C=Q″)—CH 2 —(C=Q″)-, —(C=Q″)—NH—(C=Q″)-, —(CX′)═(CX′)—(C=Q″)-, or —CH═CH—NH— group where X′ is halo; 
 each Q″ is independently selected from the group consisting of O, S, and NH; 
 T 1  and T 2  are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydroxyl, C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy, C 1 -C 4 -thioalkoxy, amino, substituted amino, and halo; and 
 W, W 1 , Y and X are as defined for formula I. 
 
   
   
       2 . A compound of  claim 1  wherein the compound is of Formula Ia: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       wherein 
          between Z 1  and Z 2 , between Z 2  and Z 3 , between Z 4  and R 1 , and between N and Z 4  indicates a bond that may be a single or a double bond and   indicates a single bond or no bond, provided that: 
       only one of the bonds between Z 1  and Z 2  and between Z 2  and Z 3  is a double bond; 
       when the bond between Z 4  and R 1  is a double bond, the bond between the N and Z 4  is a single bond, the bond between the N and (H) p  is a single bond and p is 1; 
       when the bond between Z 4  and R 1  is a single bond, the bond between the N and Z 4  atoms is a double bond, the bond between the N and (H) p  is absent and p is 0; 
       p is 0 or 1; 
       R is selected from hydrogen, alkyl, substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl; 
       when the bond between Z 4  and R 1  is a single bond, then R 1  is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkoxy, substituted alkoxy, thiol, alkylthioether; 
       when the bond between Z 4  and R 1  is a double bond, then R 1  is Q 1 ; 
       Z 1  is selected from the group consisting of CH, CH 2 , CH-Q 4 , C-Q 4 , C(Q 1 ), N, NH, N-Q 
       Z 2  is selected from the group consisting of CH, CH 2 , C(Q 1 ); 
       Z 3  is selected from the group consisting of CH, CH 2 , C(Q 1 ); 
       provided that if Z 1  is CH, N or C-Q 4  or if Z 3  is CH then Z 2  is CH; 
       Z 4  is a carbon atom containing a double bond either with R 1  or with N; 
       Q is selected from the group consisting of alkyl and substituted alkyl; 
       Q 1  is ═O or ═S; 
       Q 4  is selected from the group consisting of halo, cyano, azido, amino, substituted amino, alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkenyl, substituted alkenyl, alkynyl, substituted alkynyl, acyl, acyloxy, carboxyl, carboxyl ester, acylamino, aminoacyl, alkoxy, substituted alkoxy, thiol, alkylthioether and —SO 2 -Q 3 , where Q 3  is OH, alkyl, substituted alkyl, amino, or substituted amino; 
       Y is selected from the group consisting of a bond, —CH 2 — or —O—; and 
       X is selected from the group consisting of O—W 2  and halo; 
       each of W, W 1  and W 2  is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C 1-4 alkyl, and a pharmaceutically acceptable prodrug group; 
       or pharmaceutically acceptable tautomers, salts or partial salts thereof. 
     
   
   
       3 . A compound of  claim 1  wherein the compound is of Formula Ib: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       wherein 
          between Z 1  and Z 2 , between Z 2  and Z 3 , between Z 4  and R 1 , and between N and Z 4  indicates a bond that may be a single or a double bond and   indicates a single bond or no bond, provided that: 
       only one of the bonds between Z 1  and Z 2  and between Z 2  and Z 3  is a double bond; 
       when the bond between Z 4  and R 1  is a double bond, the bond between the N and Z 4  is a single bond, the bond between the N and (H) p  is a single bond and p is 1; 
       when the bond between Z 4  and R 1  is a single bond, the bond between the N and Z 4  atoms is a double bond, the bond between the N and (H) p  is absent, and p is 0; 
       p is 0 or 1; 
       R is hydrogen; 
       when the bond between Z 4  and R 1  is a single bond, then R 1  is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxy, and alkylthioether; 
       when the bond between Z 4  and R 1  is a double bond, then R 1  is ═O; 
       Z 1  is selected from the group consisting of CH, CH 2 , C-Q 5 , C—CN, C—N 3 , C—OH, C—SH, C—O-alkyl, C—S-alkyl, C—SO 2 -Q 3 , CC≡C-Q 2 , C(Q 1 ); C—NH 2 , C—NHCH 3 , C—N(CH 3 ) 2 , N, and NH; 
       Z 2  is selected from the group consisting of CH, CH 2 , C(Q 1 ); 
       Z 3  is selected from the group consisting of CH, CH 2 , C(Q 1 ); 
       provided that if Z 1  is CH, C—CN, C—N 3 , C—O—C(O)CH 3 , C—OH, C—SH, —C—O-alkyl, C—SO 2 -Q 3 , CC≡C-Q 2 , CNH 2 , CNHCH 3 , C—N(CH 3 ) 2  or N or if Z 3  is CH then Z 2  is CH; 
       Z 4  is a carbon atom containing a double bond either with R 1  or with N; 
       Q 1  is O or S; 
       Q 2  is hydrogen, alkyl; 
       Q 3  is OH, NH 2 , or alkyl; 
       Q 5  is halo; 
       Y is selected from the group consisting of a bond, —CH 2 — or —O—; and 
       X is selected from the group consisting of O—W 2  and halo; 
       each of W, W 1  and W 2  is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C 1-4 alkyl, and a pharmaceutically acceptable prodrug group;
 or pharmaceutically acceptable tautomers, salts or partial salts thereof. 
 
     
   
   
       4 . A compound of  claim 1  wherein the compound is of Formula Ic: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       wherein 
          between Z 1  and Z 2 , between Z 2  and Z 3 , between Z 4  and R 1 , and between N and Z 4  indicates a bond that may be a single or a double bond and   indicates a single bond or no bond, provided that: 
       only one of the bonds between Z 1  and Z 2  and between Z 2  and Z 3  is a double bond; 
       Z 1  is selected from the group consisting of CH, CH 2 , C—NH 2 , C—NHCH 3 ; 
       Z 2  is selected from the group consisting of CH, CH 2 ; 
       Z 3  is selected from the group consisting of CH, CH 2 , C(O); 
       provided that if Z 1  is CH, C—NH 2  or C—NHCH 3 , then Z 2  is CH and Z 3  is not CH; 
       Y is selected from the group consisting of a bond, —CH 2 — or —O—; and 
       X is selected from the group consisting of O—W 2  and halo; 
       each of W, W 1  and W 2  is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C 1-4 alkyl, and a pharmaceutically acceptable prodrug group; 
       or pharmaceutically acceptable tautomers, salts or partial salts thereof. 
     
   
   
       5 . The compound according to  claim 1 , wherein X is halo and each of W and W 1  is independently hydrogen or a pharmaceutically acceptable prodrug group selected from the group consisting of acyl, oxyacyl, phosphonate, phosphate esters, phosphate, phosphonamidate, phosphorodiamidate, phosphoramidate monoester, cyclic phosphoramidate, cyclic phosphorodiamidate, phosphoramidate diester, and —C(O)CHR 3 NHR 13 , where R 13  is hydrogen and R 3  is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, substituted alkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, heterocyclic and substituted heterocyclic and a sidechain of an amino acid; or R 3  and R 13  together with the carbon and nitrogen atoms bound thereto respectively form a heterocyclic ring. 
   
   
       6 . The compound according to  claim 5 , wherein X is F. 
   
   
       7 . A compound according to  claim 6  wherein W is hydrogen, phospho, diphospho, or triphospho. 
   
   
       8 . A compound according to  claim 6  wherein W is represented by the formula: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein
 R 3  is a sidechain of an amino acid; 
 R 8  is hydrogen or alkyl; and 
 R 10  is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, substituted alkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, heterocyclic and substituted heterocyclic. 
 
   
   
       9 . A compound according to  claim 6  wherein W 1  is represented by the formula: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       where R 3  is a sidechain of an amino acid. 
     
   
   
       10 . The compound according to any of  claim 1 , wherein X is O—W 2 . 
   
   
       11 . The compound according to  claim 10 , wherein each of W, W 1 , and W 2  is independently hydrogen or a pharmaceutically acceptable prodrug group selected from the group consisting of acyl, oxyacyl, phosphonate, phosphate esters, phosphate, phosphonamidate, phosphorodiamidate, phosphoramidate monoester, cyclic phosphoramidate, cyclic phosphorodiamidate, phosphoramidate diester, and —C(O)CHR 3 NHR 13 , where R 13  is hydrogen and R 3  is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, substituted alkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, heterocyclic and substituted heterocyclic and a sidechain of an amino acid; or R 3  and R 13  together with the carbon and nitrogen atoms bound thereto respectively form a heterocyclic ring. 
   
   
       12 . A compound according to  claim 11  wherein W is hydrogen, phospho, diphospho, or triphospho. 
   
   
       13 . A compound according to  claim 11  wherein W is represented by the formula: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein
 R 3  is a sidechain of an amino acid; 
 R 8  is hydrogen or alkyl; and 
 R 10  is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, substituted alkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, heterocyclic and substituted heterocyclic. 
 
   
   
       14 . A compound according to  claim 11  wherein W 1  is represented by the 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       where R 3  is a sidechain of an amino acid. 
     
   
   
       15 . The compound according to  claim 10 , wherein W 2  is methyl and each of W and W 1  is independently hydrogen or a pharmaceutically acceptable prodrug group selected from the group consisting of acyl, oxyacyl, phosphonate, phosphate esters, phosphate, phosphonamidate, phosphorodiamidate, phosphoramidate monoester, cyclic phosphoramidate, cyclic phosphorodiamidate, phosphoramidate diester, and —C(O)CHR 3 NHR 13 , where R 13  is hydrogen and R 3  is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, substituted alkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, heterocyclic and substituted heterocyclic and a sidechain of an amino acid; or R 3  and R 13  together with the carbon and nitrogen atoms bound thereto respectively form a heterocyclic ring. 
   
   
       16 . A compound according to  claim 15  wherein W is hydrogen, phospho, diphospho, or triphospho. 
   
   
       17 . A compound according to  claim 15  wherein W is represented by the formula: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein
 R 3  is a sidechain of an amino acid; 
 R 8  is hydrogen or alkyl; and 
 R 10  is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, substituted alkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, heterocyclic and substituted heterocyclic. 
 
   
   
       18 . A compound according to  claim 15  wherein W 1  is represented by the formula: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       where R 3  is a sidechain of an amino acid. 
     
   
   
       19 . The compound according to  claim 10 , wherein W 1  is methyl and each of W and W 2  is independently hydrogen or a pharmaceutically acceptable prodrug group selected from the group consisting of acyl, oxyacyl, phosphonate, phosphate esters, phosphate, phosphonamidate, phosphorodiamidate, phosphoramidate monoester, cyclic phosphoramidate, cyclic phosphorodiamidate, phosphoramidate diester, and —C(O)CHR 3 NHR 13 , where R 13  is hydrogen and R 3  is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, substituted alkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, heterocyclic and substituted heterocyclic and a sidechain of an amino acid; or R 3  and R 13  together with the carbon and nitrogen atoms bound thereto respectively form a heterocyclic ring. 
   
   
       20 . A compound according to  claim 19  wherein W is hydrogen, phospho, diphospho, or triphospho. 
   
   
       21 . A compound according to  claim 19  wherein W is represented by the formula: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein
 R 3  is a sidechain of an amino acid; 
 R 8  is hydrogen or alkyl; and 
 R 10  is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, substituted alkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, heterocyclic and substituted heterocyclic. 
 
   
   
       22 . The compound according to  claim 10 , wherein W is methyl and each of W 1  and W 2  is independently hydrogen or a pharmaceutically acceptable prodrug group selected from the group consisting of acyl, oxyacyl, phosphonate, phosphate esters, phosphate, phosphonamidate, phosphorodiamidate, phosphoramidate monoester, cyclic phosphoramidate, cyclic phosphorodiamidate, phosphoramidate diester, and —C(O)CHR 3 NHR 13 , where R 13  is hydrogen and R 3  is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, substituted alkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, heterocyclic and substituted heterocyclic and a sidechain of an amino acid; or R 3  and R 13  together with the carbon and nitrogen atoms bound thereto respectively form a heterocyclic ring. 
   
   
       23 . A compound according to  claim 22  wherein W 1  is represented by the formula: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       where R 3  is a sidechain of an amino acid. 
     
   
   
       24 . A pharmaceutical composition comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent and a therapeutically effective amount of a compound or a mixture of one or more of such compounds as defined in  claim 1 . 
   
   
       25 . A pharmaceutical composition according to  claim 24 , wherein said composition further comprises a therapeutically effective amount of one or more agents active against HCV. 
   
   
       26 . The pharmaceutical composition according to  claim 25 , wherein said one or thymosin alpha-1, an inhibitor of NS3 serine protease, and inhibitor of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase, interferon-alpha or pegylated interferon-alpha, either alone or in combination with Ribavirin or levovirin. 
   
   
       27 . The pharmaceutical composition according to  claim 26 , wherein said one or more agents is/are interferon-alpha or pegylated interferon-alpha alone or in combination with viramidine, ribavirin or levovirin. 
   
   
       28 . A method for treating and/or inhibiting a viral infection in a mammal which infection is mediated at least in part by a virus in the Flaviviridae family of viruses which method comprise administering to said mammal, that has been diagnosed with said viral infection or is at risk of developing said viral infection, a pharmaceutical composition according to  claim 25 . 
   
   
       29 . The method according to  claim 28  wherein said virus is hepatitis C virus. 
   
   
       30 . The method according to  claim 29  wherein said pharmaceutical composition further comprises a therapeutically effective amount of one or more agents active against HCV. 
   
   
       31 . The method according to  claim 30  wherein said one or more agents is/are selected from the group consisting of Ribavirin, levovirin, viramidine, thymosin alpha-1, an inhibitor of NS3 serine protease, and inhibitor of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase, interferon-alpha, pegylated interferon-alpha, alone or in combination with viramidine, Ribavirin or levovirin. 
   
   
       32 . The method according to  claim 31  wherein said one or more agents is/are interferon-alpha or pegylated interferon-alpha alone or in combination with viramidine, Ribavirin or levovirin.