Polyurethanes, Articles and Coatings Prepared Therefrom and Methods of Making the Same

Abstract

The present invention provides polyurethanes including a reaction product of components including: (a) about 1 equivalent of at least one polyisocyanate; (b) about 0.05 to about 1 equivalents of at least one branched polyol having 4 to 18 carbon atoms and at least 3 hydroxyl groups; (c) about 0.01 to about 0.3 equivalents of at least one polycarbonate diol; and (d) about 0.1 to about 0.9 equivalents of at least one polyol different from the branched polyol and having 2 to 18 carbon atoms, wherein the reaction product components are essentially free of polyether polyol and the reaction components are maintained at a temperature of at least about 100° C. for at least about 10 minutes; compositions, coatings and articles made therefrom and methods of making the same.

1 . A polyurethane comprising a reaction product of components comprising:
 (a) about 1 equivalent of at least one polyisocyanate;   (b) about 0.05 to about 1 equivalents of at least one branched polyol having 4 to 18 carbon atoms and at least 3 hydroxyl groups;   (c) about 0.01 to about 0.3 equivalents of at least one polycarbonate diol; and   (d) about 0.1 to about 0.9 equivalents of at least one polyol different from the branched polyol and having 2 to 18 carbon atoms,   
     wherein the reaction product components are essentially free of polyether polyol and the reaction components are maintained at a temperature of at least about 100° C. for at least about 10 minutes. 
   
   
       2 . The polyurethane according to  claim 1 , wherein an isocyanate functional urethane prepolymer is prepared from the at least one polyisocyanate and a portion of the polyol (d) prior to reaction with the branched polyol and polycarbonate diol. 
   
   
       3 . The polyurethane according to  claim 1 , wherein the polyisocyanate is selected from the group consisting of diisocyanates, triisocyanates, dimers, trimers and mixtures thereof. 
   
   
       4 . The polyurethane according to  claim 2 , wherein the polyisocyanate is a diisocyanate selected from the group consisting of ethylene diisocyanate, trimethylene diisocyanate, 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate, tetramethylene diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate, octamethylene diisocyanate, nonamethylene diisocyanate, decamethylene diisocyanate, 1,6,11-undecane-triisocyanate, 1,3,6-hexamethylene triisocyanate, bis(isocyanatoethyl)-carbonate, bis(isocyanatoethyl)ether, trimethylhexane diisocyanate, trimethylhexamethylene diisocyanate, 2,2′-dimethylpentane diisocyanate, 2,2,4-trimethylhexane diisocyanate, 2,4,4,-trimethylhexamethylene diisocyanate, 1,8-diisocyanato-4-(isocyanatomethyl) octane, 2,5,7-trimethyl-1,8-diisocyanato-5-(isocyanatomethyl)octane, 2-isocyanatopropyl-2,6-diisocyanatohexanoate, lysinediisocyanate methyl ester, 4,4′-methylene-bis-(cyclohexyl isocyanate), 4,4′-isopropylidene-bis-(cyclohexyl isocyanate), 1,4-cyclohexyl diisocyanate, 4,4′-dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate, 3-isocyanato methyl-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexyl isocyanate, meta-tetramethylxylylene diisocyanate, diphenyl methane diisocyanates, diphenyl isopropylidene diisocyanate, diphenylene diisocyanate, butene diisocyanate, 1,3-butadiene-1,4-diisocyanate, cyclohexane diisocyanate, methylcyclohexane diisocyanate, bis(isocyanatomethyl)cyclohexane, bis(isocyanatocyclohexyl)methane, bis(isocyanatocyclohexyl)-2,2-propane, bis(isocyanatocyclohexyl)-1,2-ethane, 2-isocyanatomethyl-3-(3-isocyanatopropyl)-5-isocyanatomethyl-bicyclo[2.2.1]-heptane, 2-isocyanatomethyl-3-(3-isocyanatopropyl)-6-isocyanatomethyl-bicyclo[2.2.1]-heptane, 2-isocyanatomethyl-2-(3-isocyanatopropyl)-5-isocyanatomethyl-bicyclo[2.2.1]-heptane, 2-isocyanato-methyl-2-(3-isocyanatopropyl)-6-isocyanatomethyl-bicyclo[2.2.1]-heptane, 2-isocyanatomethyl-3-(3-isocyanatopropyl)-6-(2-isocyanatoethyl)-bicyclo[2.2.1]-heptane, 2-isocyanatomethyl-2-(3-isocyanatopropyl)-5-(2-isocyanatoethyl)-bicyclo-[2.2.1]-heptane, 2-isocyanatomethyl-2-(3-isocyanatopropyl)-6-(2-isocyanatoethyl)-bicyclo[2.2.1]-heptane, α,α′-xylene diisocyanate, bis(isocyanatoethyl)benzene, α,α,α′,α′-tetramethylxylene diisocyanate, 1,3-bis(1-isocyanato-1-methylethyl)benzene, bis(isocyanatobutyl)benzene, bis(isocyanatomethyl)naphthalene, bis(isocyanatomethyl)diphenyl ether, bis(isocyanatoethyl) phthalate, mesitylene triisocyanate, 2,5-di(isocyanatomethyl)furan, α,α′-xylene diisocyanate, bis(isocyanatoethyl)benzene, α,α,α′,α′-tetramethylxylene diisocyanate, 1,3-bis(1-isocyanato-1-methylethyl)benzene, bis(isocyanatobutyl)benzene, bis(isocyanatomethyl)naphthalene, bis(isocyanatomethyl)diphenyl ether, bis(isocyanatoethyl) phthalate, 2,5-di(isocyanatomethyl)furan, diphenylether diisocyanate, bis(isocyanatophenylether)ethyleneglycol, bis(isocyanatophenylether)-1,3-propyleneglycol, benzophenone diisocyanate, carbazole diisocyanate, ethylcarbazole diisocyanate, dichlorocarbazole diisocyanate, and dimers, trimers and mixtures thereof. 
   
   
       5 . The polyurethane according to  claim 4 , wherein the diisocyanate is dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate. 
   
   
       6 . The polyurethane according to  claim 1 , wherein the branched polyol is selected from the group consisting of glycerol, glycerin, tetramethylolmethane, trimethylolethane, trimethylolpropane, erythritol, pentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol, tripentaerythritol, sorbitan, alkoxylated derivatives thereof and mixtures thereof. 
   
   
       7 . The polyurethane according to  claim 6 , wherein the branched polyol is trimethylolpropane. 
   
   
       8 . The polyurethane according to  claim 1 , wherein the polycarbonate diol is polyhexylene carbonate diol. 
   
   
       9 . The polyurethane according to  claim 1 , wherein the polyol (d) is a diol. 
   
   
       10 . The polyurethane according to  claim 9 , wherein the diol (d) is an aliphatic diol selected from the group consisting of ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, 1,2-ethanediol, propanediol, butanediol, pentanediol, hexanediol, heptanediol, octanediol, nonanediol, decanediol, dodecane diol, sorbitol, mannitol, cyclopentanediol, 1,4-cyclohexanediol, cyclohexanedimethanol, 1,4-benzenedimethanol, xylene glycol, hydroxybenzyl alcohol, dihydroxytoluene bis(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate, 1,4-bis(hydroxyethyl)piperazine, N,N′,bis(2-hydroxyethyl)oxamide and mixtures thereof. 
   
   
       11 . The polyurethane according to  claim 10 , wherein the diol is pentanediol or butanediol. 
   
   
       12 . The polyurethane according to  claim 1 , wherein the reaction product components comprise less than about 0.1 equivalents of polyether polyol. 
   
   
       13 . The polyurethane according to  claim 1 , wherein the reaction product components are essentially free of amine curing agent. 
   
   
       14 . The polyurethane according to  claim 1 , wherein the reaction product components further comprise one or more polyurethane polyols, acrylamides, polyvinyl alcohols, hydroxy functional acrylates, hydroxy functional methacrylates, allyl alcohols, dihydroxy oxamides, dihydroxyamides, dihydroxy piperidines, dihydroxy phthalates, dihydroxyethyl hydroquinones and mixtures thereof. 
   
   
       15 . The polyurethane according to  claim 1 , wherein the reaction components are maintained at a temperature of at least about 110° C. for at least about 10 minutes. 
   
   
       16 . The polyurethane according to  claim 1 , wherein reaction components are maintained at a temperature of at least about 100° C. for at least about 20 minutes. 
   
   
       17 . A polyurethane comprising a reaction product of components comprising:
 (a) an isocyanate functional urethane prepolymer comprising a reaction product of components comprising:
 (i) about 1 equivalent of at least one polyisocyanate; and 
 (ii) about 0.3 to about 0.4 equivalents of butanediol or cyclohexane dimethanol; and 
   (b) about 0.1 to about 0.3 equivalents of trimethylolpropane;   (c) about 0.4 to about 0.5 equivalents of butanediol or cyclohexane dimethanol, and
 (d) about 0.01 to about 0.3 equivalents of at least one polycarbonate diol, 
   
     wherein the reaction product components are essentially free of polyether polyol. 
   
   
       18 . An article comprising the polyurethane of  claim 1 . 
   
   
       19 . The article according to  claim 18 , wherein the article is a molded article. 
   
   
       20 . The article according to  claim 15 , wherein the article is selected from the group consisting of transparencies, optical articles, photochromic articles, ballistic resistant articles, and glazings. 
   
   
       21 . An article comprising the polyurethane of  claim 17 , wherein the article is an airplane transparency. 
   
   
       22 . The article according to  claim 21 , wherein the article comprises at least one layer of the polyurethane of  claim 17  and at least one layer of polycarbonate. 
   
   
       23 . A laminate comprising:
 (a) at least one layer of the polyurethane of  claim 1 ; and   (b) at least one layer of a substrate selected from the group consisting of paper, glass, ceramic, wood, masonry, textile, metal or organic polymeric material and combinations thereof.   
   
   
       24 . A coating composition comprising the polyurethane of  claim 1 .