Material for implantation

Abstract

The present invention includes a method for implanting a cardiac pacemaker. The cardiac pacemaker has leads with a plurality of spaced apart patches disposed on the leads, each patch having a distance of separation from its nearest adjacent patch of about 10 nm to about 10 μm. The invention also includes a method for sensing glucose in a mammal, which includes implanting an a sensor having a permeable membrane and a plurality of spaced apart patches of titanium dioxide disposed on the permeable membrane and sensing glucose in the mammal.

1 . A method for implanting a cardiac pacemaker comprising the steps of:
 providing an implant comprising:
 a cardiac pacemaker having leads; and 
 a plurality of spaced apart patches of titanium dioxide disposed on the leads of the cardiac pacemaker, each patch having a distance of separation from its nearest adjacent patch, the distance of separation being from about 10 nm to about 10 μm; and 
   implanting the implant in the mammal.   
   
   
       2 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the spaced apart patches have a thickness of less than about 1 μm. 
   
   
       3 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the spaced apart patches have a thickness of from about 1 nm to about 100 μm. 
   
   
       4 . An implant comprising
 a cardiac pacemaker having leads; and   a plurality of spaced apart patches of titanium dioxide disposed on the leads, each patch having a distance of separation from its nearest adjacent patch, the distance of separation being from about 10 nm to about 10 μm.   
   
   
       5 . The implant of  claim 4 , wherein the spaced apart patches have a thickness of less than about 1 μm. 
   
   
       6 . The implant of  claim 4 , wherein the spaced apart patches have a thickness of from about 1 nm to about 100 μm. 
   
   
       7 . A method for sensing glucose comprising the steps of:
 providing an implant comprising:
 a sensor having a permeable membrane; and 
 a plurality of spaced apart patches of titanium dioxide disposed on the permeable membrane, each patch having a distance of separation from its nearest adjacent patch, the distance of separation being from about 10 nm to about 10 μm, 
 wherein the permeable membrane allows the exchange of a molecule to be monitored by the sensor; 
   implanting the implant in a mammal; and   sensing glucose in the mammal.   
   
   
       8 . The method of  claim 7 , wherein the spaced apart patches have a thickness of less than about 1 μm. 
   
   
       9 . The method of  claim 7 , wherein the spaced apart patches have a thickness of from about 1 nm to about 100 μm. 
   
   
       10 . The method of  claim 7 , wherein the spaced apart patches are distributed on the permeable membrane.