Diesel composition and method of making the same

Abstract

A diesel fuel composition comprising a (1) sulfur content of less than 10 ppm; (2) a flash point of greater than 50° C.; (3) a UV absorbance, A total , of less than 1.5 as determined by the formula comprising A total =A x +10(A y ) wherein A x is the UV absorbance at 270 nanometers; and wherein A y is the UV absorbance at 310 nanometers; (4) a naphthene content of greater than 5 percent; (5) a cloud point of less than −12° C.; (6) a nitrogen content of less than 10 ppm; and (7) a 5% distillation point of greater than 300 F and a 95% distillation point of greater than 600 F.

1 . A petroleum-derived diesel fuel composition having:
 (a) a sulfur content of less than 10 ppm;   (b) a flash point of greater than 50° C.;   (c) a UV absorbance, A total , of less than 1.5 as determined by the formula comprising
     A   total   =A   x +10( A   y ) 
 wherein A x  is the UV absorbance at 270 nanometers; and 
 wherein A y  is the UV absorbance at 310 nanometers; 
   (d) a naphthene content of greater than 5 percent;   (e) a cloud point of less than −12° C.;   (f) a nitrogen content of less than 10 ppm; and   (g) a 5% distillation point of greater than 300 F and a 95% distillation point of greater than 600 F.   
   
   
       2 . The composition of  claim 1 , wherein the sulfur content is less than 6 ppm. 
   
   
       3 . The composition of  claim 1 , wherein the 5% distillation point as determined by ASTM D2887 is greater than 320° F. 
   
   
       4 . The composition of  claim 1 , wherein the 5% distillation point as determined by ASTM D2887 is greater than 340° F. 
   
   
       5 . The composition of  claim 1 , wherein the 5% distillation point as determined by ASTM D2887 is greater than 375° F. 
   
   
       6 . The composition of  claim 1 , wherein the composition further comprises a lubricity additive package. 
   
   
       7 . The composition of  claim 6 , wherein the lubricity additive package comprises monocarboxylic fatty acids, amides, esters, or mixtures thereof. 
   
   
       8 . The composition of  claim 1  wherein the boiling point range is from about 300° F. to about 730° F. 
   
   
       9 . The composition of  claim 1  wherein the aromatic content is less than 10 wt %. 
   
   
       10 . The composition of  claim 1  wherein the viscosity at 40° C. is less than 4.1 mm/Cst. 
   
   
       11 . The composition of  claim 1  wherein the net heat of combustion is greater than 18,000 Btu/lb. 
   
   
       12 . A process for preparing a petroleum-derived fuel composition comprising:
 (a) feeding a hydrocarbonaceous feedstock having at least 50 ppm sulfur and at least 25 percent by weight aromatic content to a reactor system over a hydrotreating catalyst comprising a Group VI or a non-noble metal Group VIII or mixtures thereof, thereby producing a hydrotreated product;   (b) feeding the hydrotreated product to at least one separation unit, thereby separating the producing a product stream having a sulfur content of less than 50 ppm by weight;   (c) feeding the product stream to a hydrogenation reactor system over a noble metal hydrogenation catalyst, thereby producing a hydrogenated product; and   (d) feeding the hydrogenated product to at least one separation unit thereby producing a diesel product stream, wherein the diesel product stream has an aromatic content of less than 7.5 percent by weight, a sulfur content of less than 10 ppm and a flash point of greater than 50 degrees C.   
   
   
       13 . The process of  claim 12  wherein the hydrotreating catalyst is selected from the group consisting of a nickel-molybdenum catalyst, a nickel-tungsten catalyst, a molybdenum-tungsten catalyst, a nickel-molybdenum catalyst and a molybdenum-cobalt catalyst. 
   
   
       14 . The-process of  claim 12  wherein the hydrogenation catalyst is comprises platinum, palladium or mixtures thereof. 
   
   
       15 . A process for preparing a petroleum-derived fuel composition comprising:
 (a) feeding a hydrocarbonaceous feedstock having at least 50 ppm sulfur and at least 25 percent by weight aromatic content to a first reactor system over a hydrotreating catalyst comprising a Group VI element or a non-noble metal Group VIII element or mixtures, thereby producing a hydrotreated product;   (b) feeding the hydrotreated product to a second reactor system over a hydrocracking catalyst, thereby producing a hydrocracked product;   (c) feeding the hydrocracked product to at least one separation unit, thereby separating the hydrocracked product into a first product stream and a second product stream;   (d) feeding the second product stream to at least one reactor comprising a catalyst to convert the paraffins into iso-paraffins, thereby producing a de-waxed product;   (e) feeding the de-waxed product to at least one reactor comprising a hydrogenation catalyst to hydrofinish, thereby producing a hydrofinished product;   (f) feeding the hydrofinished product to at least one separation unit, thereby separating the hydrofinished product into a diesel product stream and at least a base oil product stream, wherein the diesel product stream has an aromatic content of less than 7.5 percent by weight, a sulfur content of less than 10 ppm and a flash point of greater than 50 degrees C.   
   
   
       16 . A process for preparing a petroleum-derived fuel composition comprising:
 (a) feeding a hydrocarbonaceous feedstock to a reactor system containing a high activity base metal catalyst, thereby hydrogenating the hydrocarbonaceous feedstock and producing a hydrogenated product; and   (b) feeding the hydrogenated product to at least one separation unit, thereby separating the hydrogenated product into a naphtha product stream, a jet product stream and a diesel product stream, wherein the diesel product stream has an aromatic content of less than 7.5 percent by weight, a sulfur content of less than 10 ppm and a flash point of greater than 50 degrees C.   
   
   
       17 . The process of  claim 16  wherein the high activity base metal catalyst comprises Group VI base metals and Group VIII noble metals. 
   
   
       18 . A process for preparing a petroleum-derived fuel composition comprising:
 (a) feeding a hydrocarbonaceous feedstock having less than 100 ppm by weight sulfur to a reactor system over a high activity noble metal catalyst, thereby producing a hydrogenated product; and   (b) feeding the hydrogenated product to at least one separation unit thereby producing a diesel product stream, wherein the diesel product stream has an aromatic content of less than 7.5 percent by weight, a sulfur content of less than 10 ppm and a flash point of greater than 50 degrees C.   
   
   
       19 . The process of  claim 18  wherein the high activity noble metal catalyst comprises platinum, palladium or mixtures thereof. 
   
   
       20 . A method of decreasing soot in an internal combustion engine comprising injecting the fuel composition of  claim 1  into an internal combustion engine and combusting the fuel composition.