Use of Inhibitors of Scavenger Receptor Class Proteins for the Treatment of Infectious Diseases

Abstract

The present invention relates to the use of inhibitors of scavenger receptor class proteins, in particular ScarB1 for the production of a medicament for treatment of and/or prophylaxis against infections, involving liver cells and/or hematopoietic cells, in particular malaria.

1 - 38 . (canceled) 
     
     
         39 . A method of treating a protozoal infection comprising the administration of an inhibitor of a scavenger receptor class protein to an individual having a protozoal infection. 
     
     
         40 . The method according to  claim 39 , wherein the inhibitor of the scavenger receptor class protein has a structure according to formula (I): 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein, 
         R 1  is NR 5 R 6 ; 
         R 2  is hydrogen or alkyl, optionally substituted; 
         R 3  and R 4  together form a cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl or heterocycloalkenyl, optionally substituted; 
         R 5  is hydrogen or alkyl, optionally substituted; 
         R 6  is hydrogen, hydroxyl, halogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heteroalkyl, cycloheteroalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, heteroaryl, heteroaralkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, alkynyl, alkanoyl, alkoxyalkyl; or —CO—R′; optionally substituted;
 wherein
 R′ is hydrogen; alkyl; cycloalkyl; alkenyl; cycloalkenyl; aryl; aralkyl; heteroalkyl; cycloheteroalkyl; heteroaryl; heteroaralkyl; or alkynyl; optionally substituted; 
 
 
         and 
         Y is S or N, 
         or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. 
       
     
     
         41 . The method according to  claim 40 , wherein R 3  and R 4  together form a C 3  to C 10 -cycloalkyl or C 3  to C 10 -heterocycloalkyl, optionally substituted. 
     
     
         42 . The method according to  claim 41 , wherein the C 3 to C 10 -cycloalkyl is selected from the group consisting of cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, (C 6-10 )-spiroalkyl, bicyclo-[2.2.1]-heptyl, bicyclo-[2.2.2]-octyl, and adamantyl and the C 3  to C 10 -heterocycloalkyl is selected from the group consisting of piperidinyl; 1,2-diazacyclohexyl; 1,3-diazacyclohexyl; piperazinyl; 1-oxo-2-azacyclohexyl; 1-oxo-3-azacyclohexyl; morpholinyl; (C 6-10 )-spiroheteroalkyl; tetrahydrofuranyl; tetrahydrothiophenyl; pyrrolidinyl; 1,2-diazacyclopentyl; 1,3-diazacyclopentyl; 1-oxo-2-azacyclopentyl; 1-oxo-3-azacyclopentyl; 1-thio-2-azacyclopentyl; and 1-thio-3-azacyclopentyl. 
     
     
         43 . The method according to  claim 40 , wherein the inhibitor of the scavenger receptor class protein has a structure according to formula (II) 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein, 
         R 1  is NR 5 R 6 ; 
         R 2  is hydrogen or alkyl, optionally substituted; 
         R 5  is hydrogen or alkyl, optionally substituted; 
         R 6  is hydrogen, hydroxyl, halogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heteroalkyl, cycloheteroalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, heteroaryl, heteroaralkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, alkynyl, alkanoyl, alkoxyalkyl; or —CO—R′ each of which can be optionally substituted,
 wherein
 R′ is hydrogen; alkyl; cycloalkyl; alkenyl; cycloalkenyl; aryl; aralkyl; heteroalkyl; cycloheteroalkyl; heteroaryl; heteroaralkyl; or alkynyl; each of which can be optionally substituted; 
 
 
         R 7 , R 8 , R 9 , and R 10  are each independent of each other selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydroxyl, halogen, oxo, alkyl, heteroalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, alicyclic system, aryl, aralkyl, aralkenyl, aralkynyl, heteroaryl, heteroaralkyl, heteroaralkenyl, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocycloalkenyl, alkynyl, heteroaralkynyl, or NR 11 R 12 , optionally substituted and/or one or both of R 7  and R 8  or R 9  and R 10  are taken together to form an aryl or heteroaryl, optionally substituted; 
         R 11  is hydrogen or alkyl, optionally substituted; 
         R 12  is hydrogen, hydroxyl, halogen, alkyl, heteroalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, heteroaryl, heteroaralkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, or alkynyl, optionally substituted; 
         X is not present, or is CH 2 , C 2 H 4 , N, S or O; and 
         Y is S or N; 
         or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. 
       
     
     
         44 . The method according to  claim 40 , wherein the inhibitor of the scavenger receptor class protein has a structure according to formula (III): 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein, 
         R 1  is NR 5 R 6 ; 
         R 2  is hydrogen or alkyl, optionally substituted; 
         R 5  is hydrogen or alkyl, optionally substituted; 
         R 6  is hydrogen, hydroxyl, halogen, alkyl, heteroalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, heteroaryl, heteroaralkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, or alkynyl, optionally substituted; 
         R 7  is hydrogen, hydroxyl, halogen, alkyl, heteroalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, alicyclic system, aryl, aralkyl, aralkenyl, aralkynyl, heteroaryl, heteroaralkyl, heteroaralkenyl, heteroaralkynyl, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, alkynyl, or NR 11 R 12 , optionally substituted; 
         R 8 , R 9  and R 10  are independent of each other hydrogen, hydroxyl, halogen, alkyl, heteroalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, heteroaryl, heteroaralkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, or alkynyl, optionally substituted; 
         R 11  is hydrogen or alkyl, optionally substituted; 
         R 12  is hydrogen, hydroxyl, halogen, alkyl, heteroalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, heteroaryl, heteroaralkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, or alkynyl, optionally substituted; and 
         Y is S or N; 
         or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. 
       
     
     
         45 . The method according to  claim 44 , wherein
 R 7  is substituted 1 to 3 times with a radical selected from the group consisting of halogen; hydroxyl; SO 2 ; NO 2 ; CN; (C 1-6 )alkyl; (C 2-6 )alkenyl; (C 1-6 )alkoxy; (C 1-6 )alkoxy(C 1-6 )alkyl; amino, optionally mono- or disubstituted by (C 1-6 )alkoxy, (C 1-6 )alkyl, (C 2-6 )alkenyloxy, (C 2-6 )alkenyl, (C 1-6 )alkylsulphonyl, and (C 2-6 )alkenylsulphonyl; or two adjacent substituents are taken together to form a 4, 5, 6, or 7 membered cycloalkyl or cycloalkenyl; and/or   R 8 , R 9 , and R 10  are each independent of each other substituted 1 to 3 times with a radical selected from the group consisting of halogen; hydroxyl; SO 2 ; NO 2 ; CN; (C 1-6 )alkyl; (C 2-6 )alkenyl; and (C 1-6 )alkoxy; and/or   R 2 , R 5 , R 6 , R 11  and R 12  are each independent of each other substituted 1 to 3 times with a radical selected from the group consisting of halogen; hydroxyl; SO 2 ; NO 2 ; CN; (C 1-6 )alkyl; (C 2-6 )alkenyl; and (C 1-6 )alkoxy.   
     
     
         46 . The method according to  claim 44 , wherein
 R 7  is (C 1-6 )alkyl; (C 2-6 )alkenyl; (C 1-6 )alkyl; (C 2-6 )alkenyl; (C 1-6 )alkoxy; (C 1-6 )alkoxy(C 1-6 )alkyl; (C 1-6 )aralkyl; or (C 1-6 )heteroaralkyl; and/or   R 2 , R 3  and R 4  are independent of each other selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, Cl, Br, (C 1-6 )alkyl; (C 2-6 )alkenyl; (C 1-6 )alkyl; (C 2-6 )alkenyl; (C 1-6 )alkoxy; (C 1-6 )alkoxy(C 1-6 )alkyl; (C 1-6 )aralkyl; (C 1-6 )heteroaralkyl; and/or   R 2  is hydrogen or (C 1-6 )alkyl; and/or   R 5  is hydrogen; and/or   R 6  is hydrogen, (C 1-6 )alkyl or (C 2-6 )alkenyl.   
     
     
         47 . The method according to  claim 44 , wherein the compound according to formula (III) has a structure selected from the structures according to formulas (IV) to (VII) 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         each of which can be optionally substituted or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. 
       
     
     
         48 . The method according to  claim 40 , wherein the compound according to formula (II) has a structure selected from the structures according to formulas (VIII) to (XXXI) 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         each of which can be optionally substituted or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. 
       
     
     
         49 . The method according to  claim 39 , wherein the inhibitor of the scavenger receptor class protein has a structure according to formula (XXXII): 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein, 
         R 1  is NR 5 R 6 ; 
         R 2  is hydrogen or alkyl, optionally substituted; 
         R 5  is hydrogen, alkyl or alkenyl, optionally substituted; 
         R 6  is hydrogen, hydroxyl, halogen, alkyl, heteroalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloheteroalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, heteroaryl, heteroaralkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, heteroalkenyl, cycloheteroalkenyl or alkynyl, optionally substituted; and 
         R 13 , R 14 , R 15 , R 16 , and R 17  are independent of each other hydrogen, hydroxyl, halogen, SO 2 , NO 2 , CN; alkyl, heteroalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, alicyclic system, aryl, aralkyl, aralkenyl, aralkynyl, heteroaryl, heteroaralkyl, heteroaralkenyl, heteroaralkynyl, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, alkynyl, or NR 11 R 12 , optionally substituted; 
         R 11  is hydrogen or alkyl, optionally substituted; 
         R 12  is hydrogen, hydroxyl, halogen, alkyl, heteroalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, heteroaryl, heteroaralkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, or alkynyl, optionally substituted; and 
         X is S or O; 
         or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. 
       
     
     
         50 . The method according to  claim 49 , wherein
 R 2  and R 5  are independent of each other substituted 1 to 3 time with a radical selected from the group consisting of halogen; hydroxyl; SO 2 ; NO 2 ; CN; (C 1-6 )alkyl; (C 2-6 )alkenyl; and (C 1-6 )alkoxy;   R 6  is substituted 1 to 3 time with a radical selected from the group consisting of halogen; hydroxyl; SO 2 ; NO 2 ; CN; (C 1-6 )alkyl; (C 2-6 )alkenyl; (C 1-6 )alkoxy; in particular methoxy, (C 1-6 )alkoxy(C 1-6 )alkyl; NR 11 ′R 12 ′; or two adjacent substituents are taken together to form a 4, 5, 6, or 7 membered cycloalkyl or cycloalkenyl, optionally substituted;   wherein R 11 ′ and R 12 ′ are independent of each other selected from hydrogen, hydroxyl; halogen; alkyl; heteroalkyl; (C 1-6 )alkoxy; (C 1-6 )alkylsulphonyl; alkenyl; (C 2-6 )alkenyloxy, cycloalkenyl; (C 2-6 )alkenylsulphonyl; alkynyl; aryl; aralkyl; heteroaryl; or heteroaralkyl, optionally substituted;   and/or   R 13 , R 14 , R 15 , R 16 , and R 17  are independent of each other substituted 1 to 3 time with a radical selected from the group consisting of halogen; hydroxyl; SO 2 ; NO 2 ; CN; (C 1-6 )alkyl; (C 2-6 )alkenyl; (C 1-6 )alkoxy; (C 1-6 )alkoxy(C 1-6 )alkyl; amino, optionally mono- or disubstituted by (C 1-6 )alkoxy, (C 1-6 )alkyl, (C 2-6 )alkenyloxy, (C 2-6 )alkenyl, (C 1-6 )alkyl, (C 2-6 )alkenyl, (C 1-6 )alkylsulphonyl, and (C 2-6 )alkenylsulphonyl.   
     
     
         51 . The method according to  claim 49 , wherein
 R 2  is hydrogen or (C 1-6 )alkyl; and/or   R 5  is hydrogen, (C 1-6 )alkyl, or (C 2-6 )alkenyl; and/or   R 6  is phenyl; naphthalenyl; anthracenyl; furanyl; thiophenyl; oxazolyl; isoxazolyl; 1,2,5-oxadiazolyl; 1,2,3-oxadiazolyl; pyrrolyl; imidazolyl; pyrazolyl; 1,2,3-triazolyl; thiazolyl; isothiazolyl; 1,2,3,-thiadiazolyl; 1,2,5-thiadiazolyl; pyridinyl; pyrimidinyl; pyrazinyl; 1,2,3-triazinyl; 1,2,4-triazinyl; 1,3,5-triazinyl; 1-benzofuranyl; 2-benzofuranyl; indolyl; isoindolyl; benzothiophenyl; 2-benzothiophenyl; 1H-indazolyl; benzimidazolyl; benzoxazolyl; indoxazinyl; 2,1-benzisoxazolyl; benzothiazolyl; 1,2-benzisothiazolyl; 2,1-benzisothiazolyl; benzotriazolyl; quinolinyl; isoquinolinyl; 2,3-benzodiazinyl; quinoxalinyl; quinazolinyl; quinolinyl; 1,2,3-benzotriazinyl; 1,2,4-benzotriazinyl; cyclopropyl; cyclobutyl; cyclopentyl; cyclohexyl; cycloheptyl; spiro-[3,3]-heptyl; spiro-[3,4]-octyl; spiro-[4,3]-octyl; spiro-[3,5]-nonyl; spiro-[5,3]-nonyl; spiro-[3,6]-decyl; spiro-[6,3]-decyl; spiro-[4,5]-decyl, spiro-[5,4]-decyl, bicyclo-[2.2.1]-heptyl, bicyclo-[2.2.2]-octyl, adamantyl, piperidinyl; 1,2-diazacyclohexyl; 1,3-diazacyclohexyl; piperazinyl; 1-oxo-2-azacyclohexyl; 1-oxo-3-azacyclohexyl; 1,8-diaza-spiro-[4,5]-decyl; 1,7-diaza-spiro-[4,5]-decyl; 1,6-diaza-spiro-[4,5]-decyl; 2,8-diaza-spiro[4,5]decyl; 2,7-diaza-spiro[4,5]-decyl; 2,6-diaza-spiro[4,5]decyl; 1,8-diaza-spiro-[5,4]decyl; 1,7-diaza-spiro-[5,4]-decyl; 2,8-diaza-spiro-[5,4]-decyl; 2,7-diaza-spiro-[5,4]decyl; 3,8-diaza-spiro-[5,4]-decyl; 3,7-diaza-spiro-[5,4]-decyl; 1,4-diazabicyclo-[2.2.2]-oct-2-yl morpholinyl; tetrahydrofuranyl; tetrahydrothiophenyl; pyrrolidinyl; (C 1-6 )aralkyl; (C 1 -C 6 )heteroaralkyl; (C 1-6 )alkyl or (C 2-6 )alkenyl; optionally substituted and/or   R 13  is (C 1-6 )alkyl; (C 2-6 )alkenyl; (C 1-6 )alkoxy; (C 1-6 )alkyl-(C 1-6 )alkoxy; (C 1-6 )aralkyl; or (C 1-6 )heteroaralkyl; and/or   R 13 , R 14 , R 15 , R 16 , and R 17  are independent of each other selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, F, Cl, Br, (C 1-6 )alkyl; (C 2-6 )alkenyl; (C 1-6 )alkoxy; (C 1-6 )alkoxy(C 1-6 )alkyl; (C 1-6 )aralkyl; (C 1-6 )heteroaralkyl.   
     
     
         52 . The method according to  claim 49 , wherein the compound according to formula (XI) has a structure according to formula (XXXIII) to (XLVIII): 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         each of which can be optionally substituted or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. 
       
     
     
         53 . The method according to  claim 39 , wherein the inhibitor of the scavenger receptor class protein has a structure according to formula (IL): 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein, 
         R 18  is alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, aralkyl, heteroaryl, or heteroaralkyl, optionally substituted; 
         R 19  and R 20  are independently alkyl, alkenyl, aryl or heteroaryl, optionally substituted; and 
         X is O or S 
         or is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. 
       
     
     
         54 . The method according to  claim 53 , wherein
 R 18  is substituted 1 to 3 time with a radical selected from the group consisting of F; Cl; Br; I; hydroxyl; SO 2 ; NO 2 ; CN; (C 1-6 )alkyl; (C 2-6 )alkenyl; (C 1-6 )alkoxy; in particular methoxy, (C 1-6 )alkoxy(C 1-6 )alkyl; amino, optionally mono- or disubstituted by (C 1-6 )alkoxy, (C 1-6 )alkyl, (C 2-6 )alkenyloxy, (C 2-6 )alkenyl, (C 1-6 )alkylsulphonyl, and (C 2-6 )alkenylsulphonyl; or two adjacent substituents are taken together to form a 4, 5, 6, or 7 membered cycloalkyl or cycloalkenyl; and/or   R 19  and R 20  are independent of each other substituted 1 to 3 time with a radical selected from the group consisting of F; Cl; Br; I; hydroxyl; SO 2 ; NO 2 ; CN; (C 1-6 )alkyl; (C 2-6 )alkenyl; (C 2-6 )alkenyl; (C 1-6 )alkoxy;   
     
     
         55 . The method according to  claim 53 , wherein, R 18  is (C 1-6 )aralkyl, in particular (C 1-6 )phenylalkyl, (C 1-6 )heteroaralkyl, phenyl; naphthalenyl; anthracenyl; furanyl; thiophenyl; oxazolyl; isoxazolyl; 1,2,5-oxadiazolyl; 1,2,3-oxadiazolyl; pyrrolyl; imidazolyl; pyrazolyl; 1,2,3-triazolyl; thiazolyl; isothiazolyl; 1,2,3-thiadiazolyl; 1,2,5-thiadiazolyl; pyridinyl; pyrimidinyl; pyrazinyl; 1,2,3-triazinyl; 1,2,4-triazinyl; 1,3,5-triazinyl; 1-benzofuranyl; 2-benzofuranyl; indolyl; isoindolyl; benzothiophenyl; 2-benzothiophenyl; 1H-indazolyl; benzimidazolyl; benzoxazolyl; indoxazinyl; 2,1-benzisoxazolyl; benzothiazolyl; 1,2-benzisothiazolyl; 2,1-benzisothiazolyl; benzotriazolyl; quinolinyl; isoquinolinyl; 2,3-benzodiazinyl; quinoxalinyl; quinazolinyl; quinolinyl; 1,2,3-benzotriazinyl; or 1,2,4-benzotriazinyl; and/or
 R 19  and R 20  are independent of each other phenyl, naphthalenyl; anthracenyl; furanyl; thiophenyl; oxazolyl; isoxazolyl; 1,2,5-oxadiazolyl; 1,2,3-oxadiazolyl; pyrrolyl; imidazolyl; pyrazolyl; 1,2,3-triazolyl; thiazolyl; isothiazolyl; 1,2,3-thiadiazolyl; 1,2,5-thiadiazolyl; pyridinyl; pyrimidinyl; pyrazinyl; 1,2,3-triazinyl; 1,2,4-triazinyl; 1,3,5-triazinyl; 1-benzofuranyl; 2-benzofuranyl; indolyl; isoindolyl; benzothiophenyl; 2-benzothiophenyl; 1H-indazolyl; benzimidazolyl; benzoxazolyl; indoxazinyl; 2,1-benzisoxazolyl; benzothiazolyl; 1,2-benzisothiazolyl; 2,1-benzisothiazolyl; benzotriazolyl; quinolinyl; isoquinolinyl; 2,3-benzodiazinyl; quinoxalinyl; quinazolinyl; quinolinyl; 1,2,3-benzotriazinyl; or 1,2,4-benzotriazinyl.   
     
     
         56 . The method according to  claim 53 , wherein the compound according to formula (IL) has a structure according to formula (L): 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         that is optionally substituted or is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. 
       
     
     
         57 . The method according to  claim 39 , wherein the inhibitor of the scavenger receptor class protein has a structure according to formula (LI): 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein, 
         R 21  and R 22  are independent of each other aryl, aralkyl, heteroaryl or heteroaralkyl, optionally substituted; and 
         R 23 , R 24 , and R 25  are independent of each other hydrogen, hydroxyl, F, Cl, Br, I, CN, SO 2 , NO 2 , alkyl, heteroalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, heteroaryl, heteroaralkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, or alkynyl, optionally substituted 
         or is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. 
       
     
     
         58 . The method according to  claim 57 , wherein
 R 21  and R 22  are independent of each other substituted with 1 to 3 radicals selected from the group consisting of F; Cl; Br; I; hydroxyl; SO 2 ; NO 2 ; CN; (C 1-6 )alkyl; (C 2-6 )alkenyl; (C 1-6 )alkoxy; in particular methoxy, (C 1-6 )alkoxy(C 1-6 )alkyl; amino, optionally mono- or disubstituted by (C 1-6 )alkoxy, (C 1-6 )alkyl, (C 2-6 )alkenyloxy, (C 2-6 )alkenyl, (C 1-6 )alkylsulphonyl, and (C 2-6 )alkenylsulphonyl; and/or   R 23 , R 24 , and R 25  are independent of each substituted with 1 to 3 radicals selected from the group consisting of F; Cl; Br; I; hydroxyl; SO 2 ; NO 2 ; CN; (C 2-6 )alkenyl; (C 1-6 )alkyl; (C 2-6 )alkenyl; (C 1-6 )alkoxy.   
     
     
         59 . The method according to  claim 57 , wherein R 21  and R 22  are independent of each other phenyl; naphthalenyl; anthracenyl; furanyl; thiophenyl; oxazolyl; isoxazolyl; 1,2,5-oxadiazolyl; 1,2,3-oxadiazolyl; pyrrolyl; imidazolyl; pyrazolyl; 1,2,3-triazolyl; thiazolyl; isothiazolyl; 1,2,3-thiadiazolyl; 1,2,5-thiadiazolyl; pyridinyl; pyrimidinyl; pyrazinyl; 1,2,3-triazinyl; 1,2,4-triazinyl; 1,3,5-triazinyl; 1-benzofuranyl; 2-benzofuranyl; indolyl; isoindolyl; benzothiophenyl; 2-benzothiophenyl; 1H-indazolyl; benzimidazolyl; benzoxazolyl; indoxazinyl; 2,1-benzisoxazolyl; benzothiazolyl; 1,2-benzisothiazolyl; 2,1-benzisothiazolyl; benzotriazolyl; quinolinyl; isoquinolinyl; 2,3-benzodiazinyl; quinoxalinyl; quinazolinyl; quinolinyl; 1,2,3-benzotriazinyl; or 1,2,4-benzotriazinyl. 
     
     
         60 . The method according to  claim 57 , wherein the compound according to formula (LI) has a structure according to formula (LEI): 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         that is optionally substituted or is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. 
       
     
     
         61 . The method according to  claim 39 , wherein the inhibitor of the scavenger receptor class protein has a structure according to formula (LIII): 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein 
         R 26  is hydrogen, aryl, aralkyl, heteroaryl or heteroaralkyl, optionally substituted; 
         R 27  is aryl, aralkyl, heteroaryl or heteroaralkyl, optionally substituted; 
         R 28  is hydrogen or alkyl, optionally substituted; and 
         R 29  is aryl, aralkyl, heteroaryl or heteroaralkyl, optionally substituted 
         or is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. 
       
     
     
         62 . The method according to  claim 61 , wherein
 R 27  and R 29  are independent of each other substituted with one to three radicals selected from the group consisting of F; Cl; Br; I; hydroxyl; SO 2 ; NO 2 ; CN; (C 1-6 )alkyl; (C 2-6 )alkenyl; (C 1-6 )alkoxy; in particular methoxy, (C 1-6 )alkoxy(C 1-6 )alkyl; amino, optionally mono- or disubstituted by (C 1-6 )alkoxy, (C 2-6 )alkenyloxy, (C 1-6 )alkyl, (C 2-6 )alkenyl, (C 1-6 )alkylsulphonyl, and (C 2-6 )alkenylsulphonyl; and/or   R 26  and R 28  are independent of each other substituted with one to three radicals selected from the group consisting of F; Cl; Br; I; hydroxyl; SO 2 ; NO 2 ; CN; (C 1-6 )alkyl; and (C 2-6 )alkenyl.   
     
     
         63 . The method according to  claim 61 , wherein
 R 27  and R 29  are independent of each other phenyl; naphthalenyl; anthracenyl; furanyl; thiophenyl; oxazolyl; isoxazolyl; 1,2,5-oxadiazolyl; 1,2,3-oxadiazolyl; pyrrolyl; imidazolyl; pyrazolyl; 1,2,3-triazolyl; thiazolyl; isothiazolyl; 1,2,3-thiadiazolyl; 1,2,5-thiadiazolyl; pyridinyl; pyrimidinyl; pyrazinyl; 1,2,3-triazinyl; 1,2,4-triazinyl; 1,3,5-triazinyl; 1-benzofuranyl; 2-benzofuranyl; indolyl; isoindolyl; benzothiophenyl; 2-benzothiophenyl; 1H-indazolyl; benzimidazolyl; benzoxazolyl; indoxazinyl; 2,1-benzisoxazolyl; benzothiazolyl; 1,2-benzisothiazolyl; 2,1-benzisothiazolyl; benzotriazolyl; quinolinyl; isoquinolinyl; 2,3-benzodiazinyl; quinoxalinyl; quinazolinyl; quinolinyl; 1,2,3-benzotriazinyl; or 1,2,4-benzotriazinyl; and/or   R 26  and R 28  are independent of each other hydrogen, (C 1-6 )alkyl; (C 2-6 )alkenyl, (C 1-6 )aralkyl or (C 1-6 )heteroaralkyl.   
     
     
         64 . The method according to  claim 61 , wherein the compound according to formula (LIII) has a structure according to formula (LIV): 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         that is optionally substituted or is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. 
       
     
     
         65 . The method according to  claim 39 , wherein the inhibitor of the scavenger receptor class protein is a compound set forth in Table I, each of which can be optionally substituted. 
     
     
         66 . The method according to  claim 39 , wherein the inhibitor of the scavenger receptor class protein is an antibody specifically binding to said scavenger receptor class protein. 
     
     
         67 . The method according to  claim 39 , wherein the inhibitor of the scavenger receptor class protein is a small interfering RNA (siRNA) capable of inhibiting expression of said scavenger receptor class protein. 
     
     
         68 . The method according to  claim 39 , wherein the siRNA is designed to inhibit expression of scavenger receptor class B 1 (ScarB1) or scavenger receptor type B 2 (ScarBII). 
     
     
         69 . The method according to  claim 39  wherein the scavenger receptor class protein is ScarB1 or ScarBII. 
     
     
         70 . The method according  claim 39 , wherein the protozoal infection is a protozoa selected from the group consisting of  Entomoeba histolytica, Trichomonas tenas, Trichomonas hominis, Trichomonas vaginalis, Trypanosoma gambiense, Trypanosoma rhodesiense, Trypanosoma cruzi, Leishmania donovani, Leishmania tropica, Leishmania braziliensis, Pneumocystis pneumonia, Toxoplasma gondii, Theileria lawrenci, Theileria parva, Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium falciparum,  and  Plasmodium malaria.    
     
     
         71 . A method of identifying compounds for treatment and/or prophylaxis of infectious diseases involving liver or hematopoietic cells comprising the steps of:
 (i) contacting a cell expressing a scavenger receptor class protein with a test compound,   (ii) measuring cholesterol transport into or out of said cell,   (iii) selecting a test compound, which inhibits cholesterol transport into or out of said cells,   (iv) contacting liver or hematopoietic cell with the selected test compound prior, during or after infection of said cell with an infectious agent, and   (v) selecting a test compound inhibiting proliferation of the infectious agent by at least 10%.   
     
     
         72 . The method according to  claim 71 , further comprising the step of formulating the test compound selected in step (v) of claim  33  or step (iv) of claim  34  with pharmaceutically acceptable additives and/or auxiliary substances. 
     
     
         73 . A method of identifying compounds for treatment and/or prophylaxis of infectious diseases involving liver or hematopoietic cells comprising the steps of:
 (i) contacting a scavenger receptor class protein, functional variants, or soluble parts thereof with a test compound,   (ii) selecting a test compound, which specifically binds to ScarB1 or ScarBII,   (iii) contacting liver or hematopoietic cell with the selected test compound prior, during or after infection of said cell with an infectious agent, and   (iv) selecting a test compound inhibiting proliferation and/or development of the infectious agent by at least 10%.   
     
     
         74 . The method according to  claim 73 , further comprising the step of formulating the test compound selected in step (v) of claim  33  or step (iv) of claim  34  with pharmaceutically acceptable additives and/or auxiliary substances. 
     
     
         75 . A method for the identification of molecules of pathogens, which are involved in the infection of liver and/or hematopoietic cells, comprising the following steps:
 (i) contacting one or more scavenger receptor class proteins, functional variants, or soluble parts thereof with one or more molecules present in pathogens, which are involved in the infection of liver and/or hematopoietic cells,   (ii) selecting a molecule, which specifically binds to the scavenger receptor class protein.   
     
     
         76 . A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound according to any one of Formulae (I), (II), (III), (XXXII), (IL), (LI) or (LIII), an antibody or an siRNA molecule and one or more compound selected from the group consisting of a chinine alkaloid, chloroquine-phosphate, hydroxychloroquinesulfate, mefloquine, proguanil, di-aminopyrimidines: pyrimethamine, atovaquone, doxycycline, artemether, and lumefantrine and pharmaceutically acceptable additives and/or auxiliary substances.