Novel Substituted Diaryl Azepine Derivatives as Integrin Ligands

Abstract

The invention relates to novel compounds which bind to integrin receptors, their use as ligands of integrin receptors, in particular as ligands of the α v β 3 integrin receptor, and pharmaceutical preparations comprising these compounds.

1 . A compound of the formula I
   B-G-L  I   where B, G and L have the following meanings:   L is a structural element of the formula I L  
   —U-T  I L    
   where   T is a group COOH, a radical hydrolysable to COOH or a radical bioisosteric to COOH and   —U— is —(X L ) a —(CR L   1 R L   2 ) b -, —CR L   1 ═CR L   2 -, ethynylene or ═CR L   1 -, where
 a is 0 or 1, 
 b is 0, 1 or 2, 
 X L  is CR L   3 R L   4 , NR L   5 , oxygen or sulfur, 
 R L   1 , R L   2 , R L   3 , R L   4  
 independently of one another are hydrogen, -T, —OH, —NR L   6 R L   7 , —CO—NH 2 , a halogen radical, a branched or unbranched, optionally substituted C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, C 2 -C 6 -alkenyl, C 2 -C 6 -alkynyl, C 3 -C 7 -cycloalkyl, —CO—NH(C 1 -C 6 -alkyl), —CO—N(C 1 -C 6 -alkyl) 2  or C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy radical, an optionally substituted radical C 1 -C 2 -alkylene-T, C 2 -alkenylene-T or C2-alkynylene-T, an optionally substituted aryl or arylalkyl radical or in each case independently of one another are two radicals R L   1  and R L   2  or R L   3  and R L   4  or optionally R L   1  and R L   3  together are an optionally substituted 3- to 7-membered saturated or unsaturated carbocycle or heterocycle, which can contain up to three different or identical heteroatoms O, N, S, 
 
 R L   5 , R L   6 , R L   7  
 independently of one another are hydrogen, a branched or unbranched, optionally substituted C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, C 3 -C 7 -cycloalkyl, CO—O—C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, SO 2 —C 1 -C 6 -alkyl or CO—C 1 -C 6 -alkyl radical or an optionally substituted CO—O-alkylenearyl, SO 2 -aryl, CO-aryl, SO 2 -alkylenearyl or CO-alkylenearyl radical, 
 
   
     G is a structural element of the formula I G   
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     where 
     the structural element B is bonded via Ar and the structural element L is bonded via X G  to the structural element G by means of a single bond or a double bond and
 Ar is a fused, aromatic 3- to 10-membered carbocycle or heterocycle which can contain up to four different or identical heteroatoms O, N, S and is optionally substituted by up to 4 substituents, 
 D G  is an optionally substituted, fused, unsaturated or aromatic 3- to 10-membered carbocycle or heterocycle which can contain up to 4 different or identical heteroatoms O, N, S, 
 X G  is CR G   1  or nitrogen, in the case of a single bond to structural element L, or carbon, in the case of a double bond to structural element L, 
 W G  is —Y G —N(R G   5 )- or —N(R G   5 )—Y G —, 
 Y G  is CO, CS, C═NR G   2  or CR G R   G   4 , 
 R G   1  is hydrogen, halogen, a hydroxyl group or a branched or unbranched, optionally substituted C 1 -C 6 -alkyl or C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy radical 
 R G   2  is hydrogen, a hydroxyl group, a branched or unbranched, optionally substituted C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy, C 3 -C 7 -cycloalkyl or —O—C 3 -C 7 -cycloalkyl radical or an optionally substituted aryl, —O-aryl, arylalkyl or —O-alkylenearyl radical, 
 R G   3 , R G   4  independently of one another are hydrogen or a branched or unbranched, optionally substituted C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, C 2 -C 6 -alkenyl, C 2 -C 6 -alkynyl or C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy radical or both radicals R G   3  and R G   4  together are a cyclic acetal —O—CH 2 —CH 2 —O— or —O—CH 2 —O— or both radicals R G   3  and R G   4  together are an optionally substituted C 3 -C 7 -cycloalkyl radical,
 with the proviso that, as substituents of the C 1 -C 6 -alkyl radicals, the groups COOH and carboxylic acid ester are excluded, 
 
 R G   5  is a radical R G   5A  or a radical C 0 -C 6 -alkylene—R G   5B , C 2 -C 4 -alkenylene—R G   5B , C 2 -C 4 -alkynylene—R G   5B , C 1 -C 6 -oxoalkylene—R G   5B , C 2 -C 4 -oxoalkenylene—R G   5B , C 2 -C 4 -oxoalkynylene—R G   5B , C 1 -C 4 -aminoalkylene—R G   5B , C 2 -C 4 -aminoalkenylene—R G   5B , C 2 -C 4 -aminoalkynylene—R G   5B , C 2 -C 4 -alkylene—R G   5B , optionally substituted by one or more radicals selected from the group consisting of R G   5A  and R G   5C ,
 R G   5A  is a radical COR G   5G , COC(R G   5E ) 2 (R G   5H ), CSR G   5G , S(O) g1 —OR G   5E , S(O) g1 —N(R G   5E ) (R G   5F ), PO(OR G   5E ), PO(OR G   5E ) 2 , B(OR G   5E ) 2 , NO 2  or tetrazolyl, 
 R G   5B  is hydrogen or an optionally substituted C 3 -C 7 -cycloalkyl, C 3 -C 7 -cycloheteroalkyl, aryl or hetaryl radical, 
 R G   5C  is hydrogen, halogen, CN, NO 2 , OR G   5D , CF 3 , or a radical N(R G   5E ) (R G   5D ), CF 3 S(O) g2 , CO 2 R G   5E , CO—N(R G   5E ) 2 , C 0 -C 6 -alkylene—R G   5B , C 1 -C 6 -oxoalkylene—R G   5B , C 2 -C 4 -alkenylene—R G   5E or C 2 -C 4 -alkynylene—R G   5B , 
 R G   5D  is a radical R G   5E , —CO—R G   5E , CO—OR G   5J , CO—N(R G   5E ) 2 , S(O) g1 —R G   5E  or S(O) g1 —N(R G   5E ) 2 , 
 R G   5E  is hydrogen, an optionally substituted C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, aryl-C 0 -C 6 -alkylene, C 3 -C 7 -cycloalkyl-C 0 -C 6 -alkylene, hetaryl or hetarylalkyl radical, 
 R G   5F  is a radical R G   5E , CO—R G   5E  or CO—OR G   5E , 
 R G   5G  is a radical OR G   5E , N(R G   5E ) (R G   5F ), N(R G   5E )—SO 2 R G   5E , N(R G   5E ) (OR G   5E ), O—C(R G   5E ) 2 -CO—OR G   5E , O—C(R G   5E ) 2 -O—CO—R G   5E , O—C(R G   5E ) 2 -CO—N(R G   5E ) 2  or CF 3 , 
 R G   5H  is a radical OR G   5E , CN, S(O) g2 —R G   5E , S(O) g1 —N(R G   5E ) 2 , CO—R G   5E , C(O)N(R G   5E ) 2  or CO 2 —R G   5E , 
 R G   5J  is hydrogen or an optionally substituted C 1 -C 6 -alkyl or aryl-C 0 -C 6 -alkylene radical, 
 g1 is 1 or 2 and 
 g2 is 0, 1 or 2, 
 with the proviso that if W G =—Y G —N(R G   5 )- the radical —(CH 2 ) m —COR G   6  is excluded for R G   5 , where 
 m is 1 or 2, 
 R G   6  is —OR′, —NR′R″, —NR′SO 2 R′″, —NR′OR′, —OCR′ 2 C(O)OR′, —OCR′ 2 OC(O)R′, —OCR′ 2 C(O)NR′ 2 , —CF 3  or —COC(R′) 2 R G   7 , 
 R G   7  is —OR′, —CN, —S(O) r R′, S(O) 2 N(R′) 2 , —C(O)R′C(O)NR′ 2  or —CO 2 R′, 
 r is 0, 1 or 2, 
 R′ is hydrogen, C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, C 3 -C 7 -cycloalkyl-C 0 -C 4 -alkyl or aryl-C 0 -C 4 -alkyl, 
 R″ is R′, —C(O)R′ or —C(O)OR G   8 , 
 R′″ is C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, C 3 -C 7 -cycloalkyl-C 0 -C 4 -alkyl or aryl-C 0 -C 4 -alkyl, 
 R G   8  is hydrogen, C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, C 3 -C 7 -cycloalkyl-C 0 -C 4 -alkyl or aryl-C 0 -C 4 -alkyl, 
 B is a structural element containing at least one atom which, under physiological conditions, can form hydrogen bridges as a hydrogen acceptor, where at least one hydrogen acceptor atom has a distance of 4 to 15 atom bonds from structural element G along the shortest possible route along the structural element skeleton, and all the optional substituents which have not been further defined are selected from: —NO 2 —NH 2 , —OH, —CN, —COOH, —O—CH 2 —COOH, halogen, a branched or unbranched, optionally substituted C 1 -C 4 -alkyl radical, —CO—O—C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, C 3 -C 6 -cycloalkyl, C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy, C 1 -C 4 -thioalkyl, —NH—CO—O—C 1- C 4 alkyl, —O—CH 2 —COO—C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, —NH—CO—C—C-alkyl, —CO—NH—C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, —NH—SO 2 , C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, —SO 2 —NH—C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, —N(C 1 -C 4 -alkyl) 2 -NH—C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, or —SO 2 —C 1 -C 4 -alkyl radical, an optionally substituted —NH—CO-aryl, —CO—NH-aryl, —NH—CO—O-aryl, —NH—CO—O-alkylenearly, —NH—SO 2 -aryl, —SO 2 —NH-aryl, —CO—NH-benzyl, —NH—SO 2 -benzyl or —SO 2 —NH-benzyl radical, an optionally substituted radical —SO 2 —NR S   2 R S   3  or —CO—NR S   2 R S   3  where the radicals R S   2  and R S   3  independently of one another can have the meaning R L   5  as below or both radicals R S   2  and R S   3  together can be a 3- to 6-membered, optionally substituted saturated unsaturated or aromatic heterocycle which, in addition to the ring nitrogens can contain up to three further different or identical heteroatoms, O, N, S, and optionally two radicals substituted on this heterocycle can together be a fused, saturated, unsaturated or aromatic carbocycle or heterocycle which can contain up to three different or identical heteroatoms O, N, S and the cycle can be optionally substituted or a further, optionally substituted cycle can be fused to this cycle;
 wherein the radical R L   5  is hydrogen, a branched or unbranched, optionally substituted C 1 -C 6 alkyl radical, C 3 -C 7 -cycloalkyl radical, CO—O—C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, SO 2 —C 1 -C 6 -alkyl or CO—C 1 -C 6 -alkyl radical or an optionally substituted CO—O-alkylenearyl, SO 2 -aryl, SO 2 -alkylenearyl or CO-alkylenearyl radical; 
 
 
 or the physiologically tolerable salts, and the enantiomerically pure or diastereomerically pure and tautomeric forms. 
 
   
   
       2 . A compound as claims in  claim 1 , wherein the structural element B is a structural element of the formula I B      A-E-  I B      where A and E have the following meanings:   A is a structural element selected from the group consisting of:
 a 4- to 8-membered monocyclic saturated, unsaturated or aromatic hydrocarbon which can contain up to 4 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of O, N and S, where, in each case independently of one another, the optionally present ring nitrogen or the carbons can be substituted, with the proviso that at least one heteroatom selected from the group consisting of O, N and S is present in the structural element A, 
 and 
 a 9- to 14-membered polycyclic, saturated, unsaturated or aromatic hydrocarbon which can contain up to 6 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, O and S, where, in each case independently of one another, the optionally present ring nitrogen or the carbons can be substituted, with the proviso that at least one heteroatom selected from the group consisting of O, N and S is present in the structural element A, 
 a radical 
   
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         where 
         Z A   1  is oxygen, sulfur or optionally substituted nitrogen and 
         Z A   2  is optionally substituted nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur, 
       
       or a radical 
     
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       where 
       R A   18 , R A   19  
 independently of one another are hydrogen, a branched or unbranched, optionally substituted C 1 -C 8 -alkyl, C 2 -C 6 -alkenyl, C 2 -C 6 -alkynyl, C 1 -C 5 -alkylene-C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy, mono- or bisalkylaminoalkylene or acylaminoalkylene radical or an optionally substituted aryl, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkenyl, hetaryl, C 3 -C 7 -cycloalkyl, C 1 —C4-alkylene-C 3 -C 7 -cycloalkyl, arylalkyl, C 1 -C 4 -alkyleneheterocycloalkyl, C 1 -C 4 -alkyleneheterocycloalkenyl or hetarylalkyl radical, or a radical —SO 2 —R G   11 , —CO—OR G   11 , —CO—NR G   11 R G   11 * or —CO—R G   11 , 
 
       and 
       E is a spacer structural element which covalently bonds the structural element A to the structural element G, where the number of atomic bonds along the shortest possible route along the structural element skeleton E is 3 to 14. 
     
   
   
       3 . A compound as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein the structural element A used is a structural element selected from the group consisting of structural elements of the formulae I A   1  to I A   18 , 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       where 
       m, p, q
 independently of one another are 1, 2 or 3, 
 
       R A   1 , R A   2  
 independently of one another are hydrogen, CN, halogen, a branched or unbranched, optionally substituted C 1 -C 6 -alkyl or CO—C 1 -C 6 -alkyl radical or an optionally substituted aryl, arylalkyl, hetaryl, hetarylalkyl or C 3 -C 7 -cycloalkyl radical or a radical CO—O—R A   14 , O—R A   14 , S—R A   14 , NR A   15 R A   16 , CO—NR A   15 R A   16  or SO 2 NR A   15 R A   16  or both radicals R A   1  and R A   2  together are a fused, optionally substituted, 5- or 6-membered, unsaturated or aromatic carbocycle or heterocycle which can contain up to three heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of O, N and S, 
 
       R A   13 , R A   13  
 independently of one another are hydrogen, CN, halogen, a branched or unbranched, optionally substituted C 1 -C 6 -alkyl radical or an optionally substituted aryl, arylalkyl, hetaryl, C 3 -C 7 -cycloalkyl radical or a radical CO—O—R A   14 , O—R A   14 , S—R A   14 , NR A   15 R A   16 , SO 2 —NR A   15 R A   16  or CO—NR A   15 R A   16 , 
 where 
 R A   14  is hydrogen, a branched or unbranched, optionally substituted C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, alkylene-C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy, C 2 -C 6 -alkenyl, C 2 -C 6 -alkynyl or C 1 -C 6 -alkylene-C 3 -C 7 -cycloalkyl radical or an optionally substituted C 3 -C 7 -cycloalkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, hetaryl or hetarylalkyl radical, 
 
       R A   15 , R A   16 ,
 independently of one another are hydrogen, a branched or unbranched, optionally substituted C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, CO—C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, SO 2 —C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, COO—C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, CO—NH—C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, arylalkyl, COO-alkylenearyl, SO 2 -alkylenearyl, CO—NH-alkylenearyl, CO—NH-alkylenehetaryl or hetarylalkyl radical or an optionally substituted C 3 -C 7 -cycloalkyl, aryl, CO-aryl, CO—NH-aryl, SO2-aryl, hetaryl, CO—NH-hetaryl or CO-hetaryl radical, 
 
       R A   3 , R A   4  
 independently of one another are hydrogen, —(CH 2 ) n —(X A ) j —R A   12 , or both radicals together are a 3- to 8-membered, saturated, unsaturated or aromatic N-heterocycle which can additionally contain two further, identical or different heteroatoms O, N or S, where the cycle is optionally substituted or a further, optionally substituted, saturated, unsaturated or aromatic or aromatic cycle can be fused to this cycle, 
 
       where
 n is 0, 1, 2 or 3, 
 j is 0 or 1, 
 X A  is —CO—, —CO—N(R X   1 )—, —N(R X   1 )—CO—, —N(R X   1 )—CO—N(R X   1 *)-, —N(R X   1 )—CO—O—, —O—, —S—, —SO 2 —, —SO 2 —N(R X   1 )—, —SO 2 —O  13  , —CO—O—, —O—CO—, —O—CO—N(R X   1 )—, —N(R X   1 )— or —N(R X   1 )—SO 2 —, 
 R A   12  is hydrogen, a branched or unbranched, optionally substituted C 1 -C 6 -alkyl radical, an optionally C 1 -C 4 -alkyl- or aryl-substituted C 2 -C 6 -alkynyl or C 2 -C 6 -alkenyl radical or a 3- to 6-membered, saturated or unsaturated heterocycle, substituted by up to three identical or different radicals, which can contain up to three different or identical heteroatoms O, N, S, a C 3 -C 7 -cycloalkyl, aryl or hetaryl radical, where two radicals together can be a fused, saturated, unsaturated or aromatic carbocycle or heterocycle which can contain up to three different or identical heteroatoms O, N, S and the cycle can optionally be substituted or a further, optionally substituted, saturated, unsaturated or aromatic cycle can be fused to this cycle, or the radical R A   12 , together with R X   1  or R X   1 *, forms a saturated or unsaturated C 3 -C 7 -heterocycle which can optionally contain up to two further heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of O, S and N, 
 
       R X   1 , R X   1 *
 independently of one another are hydrogen, a branched or unbranched, optionally substituted C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, C 1 -C 6 -alkoxyalkyl, C 2 -C 6 -alkenyl, C 2 -C 12 -alkynyl, CO—C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, CO—O—C 1 -C 6 -alkyl or SO 2 —C 1 -C 6 -alkyl radical or an optionally substituted C 3 -C 7 -cycloalkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, CO—O-alkylenearyl, CO-alkylenearyl, CO-aryl, SO 2 -aryl, hetaryl, CO-hetaryl or SO 2 -alkylenearyl radical, 
 
       R A   6 , R A   6 *
 are hydrogen, a branched or unbranched, optionally substituted C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, —CO—O—C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, arylalkyl, —CO—O-alkylenearyl, —CO—O-allyl, —CO—C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, —CO-alkylenearyl, C 3 -C 7 -cycloalkyl or —CO-allyl radical or, in structural element I A   7 , both radicals R A   6  and R A   6 * together are an optionally substituted, saturated, unsaturated or aromatic heterocycle which, in addition to the ring nitrogen, can contain up to two further different or identical heteroatoms O, N, S, 
 
       R A   7  is hydrogen, —OH, —CN, —CONH 2 , a branched or unbranched, optionally substituted C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy, C 3 -C 7 -cycloalkyl or —O—CO—C 1 -C 4 -alkyl radical, or an optionally substituted arylalkyl, —O-alkylenearyl, —O—CO-aryl, —O—CO-alkylenearyl or —O—CO-allyl radical, or both radicals R A   6  and R A   7  together are an optionally substituted, unsaturated or aromatic heterocycle which, in addition to the ring nitrogen, can contain up to two further different or identical heteroatoms O, N, S, 
       R A   8  is hydrogen, a branched or unbranched, optionally substituted C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, CO—C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, SO 2 —C 1 -C 4 -alkyl or CO—O—C 1 -C 4 -alkyl radical or an optionally substituted aryl, CO-aryl, SO 2 -aryl, CO—O-aryl, CO-alkylenearyl, SO 2 -alkylenearyl, CO—O-alkylenearyl or alkylenearyl radical, 
       R A   9 , R A   10  
 independently of one another are hydrogen, —CN, halogen, a branched or unbranched, optionally substituted C 1 -C 6 -alkyl radical or an optionally substituted aryl, arylalkyl, hetaryl, C 3 -C 7 -cycloalkyl radical or a radical CO—O—R A   14 , O—R A   24 , S—R A   24 , NR A   15 R A   16 , SO 2 —NR A   15 R A   16  or CO—NR A   15 R A   16 , or both radicals R A   9  and R A   10  together in structural element I A   14  are a 5- to 7-membered saturated, unsaturated or aromatic carbocycle or heterocycle which can contain up to three different or identical heteroatoms O, N, S and is optionally substituted by up to three identical or different radicals, 
 
       R A   11  is hydrogen, —CN, halogen, a branched or unbranched, optionally substituted C 1 -C 6 -alkyl radical or an optionally substituted aryl, arylalkyl, hetaryl, C 3 -C 7 -cycloalkyl radical or a radical CO—O—R A   14 , O—R A   14 , S—R A   14 , NR A   15 R A   16 , SO 2 —NR A   15 R A   16  or CO—NR A   15 R A   16 , 
       R A   17  is hydrogen or, in structural element I A   16 , both radicals R A   9  and R A   17  together are a 5- to 7-membered saturated, unsaturated or aromatic heterocycle which, in addition to the ring nitrogen, can contain up to three different or identical heteroatoms O, N, S and is optionally substituted by up to three identical or different radicals, 
       R A   18 , R A   19  
 independently of one another are hydrogen, a branched or unbranched, optionally substituted C 1 -C 8 -alkyl, C 2 -C 6 -alkenyl, C 2 -C 6 -alkynyl, C 1 -C 5 -alkylene-C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy, mono- and bisalkylaminoalkylene or acylaminoalkylene radical or an optionally substituted aryl, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkenyl, hetaryl, C 3 -C 7 -cycloalkyl, C 1 -C 4 -alkylene-C 3 -C 7 -cycloalkyl, arylalkyl, C 1 -C 4 -alkyleneheterocycloalkyl, C 1 -C 4 -alkyleneheterocycloalkenyl or hetarylalkyl radical, or a radical —SO 2 —R G   4 , —CO—OR G   4 , —CO—NR G   4 R G   4 * or —CO—R G   4 , 
 
       Z 1 , Z 2 , Z 3 , Z 4  
 independently of one another are nitrogen, C—H, C-halogen or a branched or unbranched, optionally substituted C—C 1 -C 4 -alkyl or C—C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy radical, 
 
       Z 5  is NR A   8 , oxygen or sulfur. 
     
   
   
       4 . A compound as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein the spacer structural element E is composed of two to four substructural elements, selected from the group consisting of E 1  and E 2 , where the sequence of linkage of the substructural elements is arbitrary and E 1  and E 2  have the following meanings:
 E 1  is a substructural element of the formula I E1  
   -(Y E ) k1 —(CR E   1 R E   2 ) c -(Q E ) k2 -(CR E   3 R E   4 ) d -  I E1    
 and 
   E 2  is a substructural element of the formula I E2  
   -(NR E   11 ) k3 -(CR E   5 R E   6 ) f -(Z E ) k4 -(CR E   7 R E   8 ) g -(X E ) k5 —(CR E   9 R E   10 ) h -(NR E   11 *) k6 —I E2 , 
   where   c, d, f, g, h
 independently of one another are 0, 1 or 2, 
   k1, k2, k3, k4, k5, k6
 independently of one another are 0 or 1, 
   X E , Q E  
 independently of one another are an optionally substituted 4- to 11-membered mono- or polycyclic, aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon which can contain up to 6 double bonds and up to 6 identical or different heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, O and S, where the ring carbons and/or the ring nitrogens can optionally be substituted, 
   Y E , Z E  
 independently of one another are CO, —N(R E   11 )—, CO—NR E   12 , NR E   12 -CO, sulfur, SO, SO 2 , SO 2 —NR E   12 , NR E   12 -SO 2 , CS, CS—NR E   12 , —C(R E   13 ) (CR E   14 )-, NR E   12 -CS, CS—O, O—CS, CO—O, O—CO, oxygen, ethynylene, CR E   13 -O—CR E   14 , C(═CR E   13 R E   14 ), CR E   13 ═CR E   14 , —CR E   13 (OR E   15 )—CHR E   14 - or —CHR E   13 —CR E   14  (OR E   15 )—, 
   R E   1 , R E   2 , R E   3 , R E   4 , R E   5 , R E   6 , R E   7 , R E   8 , R E   9 , R E   10  
 independently of one another are hydrogen, halogen, a hydroxyl group, a branched or unbranched, optionally substituted C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, C 2 -C 6 -alkenyl, C 2 -C 6 -alkynyl or alkylenecycloalkyl radical, a radical —(CH 2 ) x —(W E ) z —R E   17 , an optionally substituted C 3 -C 7 -cycloalkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, hetaryl or hetarylalkyl radical or independently of one another in each case two radicals R E   1  and R E   2  or R E   3  and R E   4  or R E   5  and R E   6  or R E   7  and R E   8  or R E   9  and R E   10  together are a 3- to 7-membered, optionally substituted, saturated or unsaturated carbocycle or heterocycle which can contain up to three heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of O, N and S, 
   x is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4.   z is 0 or 1,   W E  is —CO—, —CO—N(R W   2 )—, —N(R W   2 )—CO—, N(R W   2 )CO—N(R W   2 *), —N(R W   2 )—CO—O—, —O—, —S—, —SO 2 —, —SO 2 —N(R W   2 )—, —SO 2 —O—. —CO—O—, —O—CO—, —O—CO—N(R W   2 )—, —N(R W   2 )— or —N(R W   2 )—SO 2 —,   R W   2 , R W   2 *
 independently of one another are hydrogen, a branched or unbranched, optionally substituted C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, C 2 -C 6 -alkenyl, C 2 -C 8 -alkynyl, CO—C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, CO—O—C 1 -C 6 -alkyl or SO 2 —C 1 -C 6 -alkyl radical or an optionally substituted hetaryl, hetarylalkyl, arylalkyl, C 3 -C 7 -cycloalkyl, CO—O-alkylenearyl, CO-alkylenearyl, CO-aryl, SO 2 -aryl, CO-hetaryl or SO 2 -alkylenearyl radical, 
   R E   17  is hydrogen, a hydroxyl group, CN, halogen, a branched or unbranched, optionally substituted C 1 -C 6 -alkyl radical, an optionally substituted C 3 -C 7 -cycloalkyl, aryl, hetaryl or arylalkyl radical, a C 2 -C 6 -alkynyl or C 2 -C 6 -alkenyl radical optionally substituted by C 1 -C 4 -alkyl or aryl, an optionally substituted C 6 -C 12 -bicycloalkyl, C 1 -C 6 -alkylene-C 6 -C 12 -bicycloalkyl, C 7 -C 20 -tricycloalkyl or C 1 -C 6 -alkylene-C 7 -C 20 -tricycloalkyl radical, or a 3- to 8-membered, saturated or unsaturated heterocycle substituted by up to three identical or different radicals, which can contain up to three different or identical heteroatoms O, N, S, where two radicals can together be a fused, saturated, unsaturated or aromatic carbocycle or heterocycle which can contain up to three different or identical heteroatoms O, N, S, and the cycle can optionally be substituted or a further, optionally substituted, saturated, unsaturated or aromatic cycle can be fused to this cycle, or the radical R E   17  forms, together with R 2  or R W   2 *, a saturated or unsaturated C 3 -C 7 -heterocycle which can optionally contain up to two further heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of O, S and N,   R E   11 , R E   11 *
 independently of one another are hydrogen, a branched or unbranched, optionally substituted C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, C 1 -C 6 -alkoxyalkyl, C 2 -C 6 -alkenyl, C 2 -C 12 -alkynyl, CO—C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, CO—O—C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, CO—NH—C 1 -C 6 -alkoxyalkyl, CO—NH—C 1 -C 6 -alkyl or SO 2 —C 1 -C 6 -alkyl radical or an optionally substituted hetaryl, arylalkyl, C 3 -C 7 -cycloalkyl, CO—O-alkylenearyl, CO—NH-alkylenearyl, CO-alkylenearyl, CO-aryl, CO—NH-aryl, SO 2 -aryl, CO-hetaryl, SO 2 -alkylenearyl, SO 2 -hetaryl or SO 2 -alkylenehetaryl radical, 
   R E   12  is hydrogen, a branched or unbranched, optionally substituted C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, C 2 -C 6 -alkenyl, C 2 -C 8 -alkynyl radical, an optionally substituted C 3 -C 7 -cycloalkyl, hetaryl, arylalkyl or hetarylalkyl radical or a radical CO—R E   16 , COOR E   16  or SO 2 —R E   16 ,   R E   13 , R E   14 ,
 independently of one another are hydrogen, a hydroxyl group, a branched or unbranched, optionally substituted C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy, C 2 -C 6 -alkenyl, C 2 -C 6 -alkynyl or alkylenecycloalkyl radical or an optionally substituted C 3 -C 7 -cycloalkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, hetaryl or hetarylalkyl radical, 
   R E   15  is hydrogen, a branched or unbranched, optionally substituted C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, C 2 -C 6 -alkenyl, C 2 -C 6 -alkynyl or alkylenecycloalkyl radical or an optionally substituted C 3 -C 7 -cycloalkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, hetaryl or hetarylalkyl radical,   R E   16  is hydrogen, a hydroxyl group, a branched or unbranched, optionally substituted C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, C 2 -C 6 -alkenyl, C 2 -C 6 -alkynyl or C 1 -C 5 -alkylene-C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy radical, or an optionally substituted aryl, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkenyl, hetaryl, C 3 -C 7 -cycloakyl, C 1 -C 4 -alkylene-C 3 -C 7 -cycloalkyl, arylalkyl, C 1 -C 4 -alkylene-C 3 -C 7 -heterocycloalkyl, C 1 -C 4 -alkylene-C 3 -C 7 -heterocycloalkenyl or hetarylalkyl radical.   
   
   
       5 . A compound as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein the spacer structural element E used is a structural element of the formula I E1E2      -E 2 -E 1 -  I E1E2      and E 1  and E 2  have the following meanings:   E 1  is a substructural element of the formula I E1  
   -(Y E ) k1 —(CR E   1 R E   2 ) c -(Q E ) k2 -(CR E   3 R E   4 ) d -  I E1    
 and 
   E 2  is a substructural element of the formula I E2  
   -(NR E   11 ) k3 -(CR E R 5 R E   6 ) f -(Z E ) k4 -(CR E   7 R E   8 ) g -(X E ) k5 —(CR E   9 R E   10 ) h -(NR E   11 *) k6 —I E2 , 
   where   c, d, f, g, h
 independently of one another are 0, 1 or 2, 
   k1, k2, k3, k4, k5, k6
 independently of one another are 0 or 1, 
   X E , Q E  
 independently of one another are an optionally substituted 4- to 11-membered mono- or polycyclic, aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon which can contain up to 6 double bonds and up to 6 identical or different heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, O, and S, where the ring carbons and/or the ring nitrogens can optionally be substituted, 
   Y E , Z E  
 independently of one another are CO, —N(R E   11 )—, CO—NR E   12 , NR E   12 -CO, sulfur, SO, SO 2 , SO 2 —NR E   12 , NR E   12 -SO 2 , CS, CS—NR E   12 , —C(R E   13 ) (CR E   14 )-, NR E   12 -CS, CS—O, O—CS, CO—O, O—CO, oxygen, ethynylene, CR E   13 -O—CR E   14 , C(═CR E   13 R E   14 ), CR E   13 ═CR E   14 , —CR E   13 (OR E   15 )—CHR E   14 - or —CHR E   13 —CR E   14  (OR E   15 )—, 
   R E   1 , R E   2 , R E   3 , R E   4 , R E   5 , R E   6 , R E   7 , R E   8 , R E   9 , R E   10  
 independently of one another are hydrogen, halogen, a hydroxyl group, a branched or unbranched, optionally substituted C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, C 2 -C 6 -alkenyl, C 2 -C 6 -alkynyl or alkylenecycloalkyl radical, a radical —(CH 2 ) x —(W E ) z —R E   17 , an optionally substituted C 3 -C 7 -cycloalkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, hetaryl or hetarylalkyl radical or independently of one another in each case two radicals R E   1  and R E   2  or R E   3  and R E   4  or R E   5  and R E   6  or R E   7  and R E   8  or R E   9  and R E   10  together are a 3- to 7-membered, optionally substituted, saturated or unsaturated carbocycle or heterocycle which can contain up to three heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of O, N and S, 
   x is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4,   z is 0 or 1,   W E  is —CO—, —CO—N(R W   2 )—, —N(R W   2 )—CO—, N(R W   2 )—CO—N(R W   2 *), —N(R W   2 )—CO—O—, —O—, —S—, —SO 2 —, —SO 2 —N(R W   2 )—, —SO 2 —O—, —CO—O—, —O—CO—, —O—CO—N(R W   2 )—, —N(R W   2 )— or —N(R W   2 )—SO 2 —,   R W   2 , R W   2 *
 independently of one another are hydrogen, a branched or unbranched, optionally substituted C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, C 2 -C 6 -alkenyl, C 2 -C 8 -alkynyl, CO—C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, CO—O—C 1 -C 6 -alkyl or SO 2 —C 1 -C 6 -alkyl radical or an optionally substituted hetaryl, hetarylalkyl, arylalkyl, C 3 -C 7 -cycloalkyl, CO—O-alkylenearyl, CO-alkylenearyl, CO-aryl, SO 2 -aryl, CO-hetaryl or SO 2 -alkylenearyl radical, 
   R E   17  is hydrogen, a hydroxyl group, CN, halogen a branched or unbranched, optionally substituted C 1 -C 6 -alkyl radical, an optionally substituted C 3 -C 7 -cycloalkyl, aryl, hetaryl or arylalkyl radical, a C 2 -C 6 -alkynyl or C 2 -C 6 -alkenyl radical optionally substituted by C 1 -C 4 -alkyl or aryl, an optionally substituted C 6 -C 12 -bicycloalkyl, C 1 -C 6 -alkylene-C 6 -C 12 -bicycloalkyl, C 7 -C 20 -tricycloalkyl or C 1 -C 6 -alkylene-C 7 -C 20 -tricycloalkyl radical, or a 3- to 8-membered, saturated or unsaturated heterocycle, which is substituted by up to three identical or different radicals, which can contain up to three different or identical heteroatoms O, N, S, where two radicals together can be a fused, saturated, unsaturated or aromatic carbocycle or heterocycle which can contain up to three different or identical heteroatoms O, N, S and the cycle can optionally be substituted or a further, optionally substituted, saturated, unsaturated or aromatic cycle can be fused to this cycle, or the radical R E   17  forms together with R W   2  or R W   2 * a saturated or unsaturated C 3 -C 7 -heterocycle which can optionally contain up to two further heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of O, S and N,   R E   11 , R E   11 *
 independently of one another are hydrogen, a branched or unbranched, optionally substituted C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, C 1 -C 6 -alkoxyalkyl, C 2 -C 6 -alkenyl, C 2 -C 12 -alkynyl, CO—C 1 -C 6 — alkyl, CO—O—C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, CO—NH—C 1 -C 6 -alkoxyalkyl, CO—NH—C 1 -C 6 -alkyl or SO 2 —C 1 -C 6 -alkyl radical or an optionally substituted hetaryl, arylalkyl, C 3 -C 7 -cycloalkyl, CO—O-alkylenearyl, CO—NH-alkylenearyl, CO-alkylenearyl, CO-aryl, CO—NH-aryl, SO 2 -aryl, CO-hetaryl, SO 2 -alkylenearyl, SO 2 -hetaryl or SO 2 -alkylenehetaryl radical, 
   R E   12  is hydrogen, a branched of unbranched, optionally substituted C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, C 2 -C 6 -alkenyl, C 2 -C 8 -alkynyl, an optionally substituted C 3 -C 7 -cycloalkyl, hetaryl, arylalkyl or hetarylalkyl radical or a radical CO—R E   16 , COOR E   16  or SO 2 —R E   16 ,   R E   13 , R E   14  
 independently of one another are hydrogen, a hydroxyl group, a branched or unbranched, optionally substituted C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy, C 2 -C 6 -alkenyl, C 2 -C 6 -alkynyl or alkylenecycloalkyl radical or an optionally substituted C 3 -C 7 -cycloalkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, hetaryl or hetarylalkyl radical, 
   R E   15  is hydrogen, a branched or unbranched, optionally. substituted C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, C 2 -C 6 -alkenyl, C 2 -C 6 -alkynyl or alkylenecycloalkyl radical or an optionally substituted C 3 -C 7 -cycloalkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, hetaryl or hetarylalkyl radical,   R E   16  is hydrogen, a hydroxyl group, a branched or unbranched optionally substituted C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, C 2 -C 6 -alkenyl, C 2 -C 6 -alkynyl or C 1 -C 5 -alkylene-C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy radical, or an optionally substituted aryl, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkenyl, hetaryl, C 3 -C 7 -cycloalkyl, C 1 -C 4 -alkylene-C 3 -C 7 -cycloalkyl, arylalkyl, C 1 -C 4 -alkylene-C 3 -C 7 -heterocycloalkyl, C 1 -C 4 -alkylene-C 3 -C 7 -heterocycloalkenyl or hetarylalkyl radical.   
   
   
       6 . The use of the structural element of the formula I GL      -G-L  I GL      for the preparation of compounds which bind to integrin receptors,   where G and L have the following meanings:   L is a structural element of the formula I L  
   —U-T  I L    
   where   L is a group COOH, a radical hydrolyzable to COOH or a radical Bioisosteric to COOH and   —U— is —(X L ) a —(CR L   1 R L   2 ) b -, —CR L   1 ═CR L   2 -, ethynylene or ═CR L   1 -, where
 a is 0 or 1, 
 b is 0, 1, or 2, 
 X L  is CR L   3 R L   4 , NR L   5 , oxygen or sulfur, 
 R L   1 , R L   2 , R L   3 , R L   4  
 independently of one another are hydrogen, -T, —OH, —NR L   6 R L   7 , —CO—NH 2 , a halogen radical, a branched or unbranched, optionally substituted C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, C 2 -C 6 -alkenyl, C 2 -C 6 -alkynyl, C 3 -C 7 -cycloalkyl, —CO—NH(C 1 -C 6 -alkyl), —CO—N(C 1 -C 6 -alkyl) 2  or C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy radical, an optionally substituted radical C 1 -C 2 -alkylene-T, C 2 -alkenylene-T or C 2 -alkynylene-T, an optionally substituted aryl or arylalkyl radical or independently of one another in each case two radicals R L   1  and R L   2  or R L   3  and R L   4  or optionally R L   1  and R L   3  together are an optionally substituted 3- to 7-membered saturated or unsaturated carbocycle or heterocycle, which can contain up to three different or identical heteroatoms O, N, S, 
 
 R L   5 , R L   6 , R L   7  
 independently of one another are hydrogen, a branched or unbranched, optionally substituted C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, C 3 -C 7 -cycloalkyl, unbranched, optionally substituted C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, C 3 -C 7 -cycloalkyl, CO—O—C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, SO 2 —C 1 -C 6 -alkyl or CO—C 1 -C 6 -alkyl radical or an optionally substituted CO—O-alkylenearyl, SO 2 -aryl, CO-aryl, SO 2 -alkylenearyl or CO-alkylenearyl radical, 
 
   G is a structural element of the formula I G      
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       where 
       the structural element B is bonded via Ar and the structural elements L is bonded via X G  to the structural element G by means of a single bond or a double bond and 
       Ar is a fused, aromatic 3- to 10-membered carbocycle or heterocycle which can contain up to four different or identical heteroatoms O, N, S and is optionally substituted by up to 4 substituents, 
       D G  is an optionally substituted, fused, unsaturated or aromatic 3- to 10-membered carbocycle or heterocycle which can contain up to 4 different or identical heteroatoms O, N, S, 
       X G  is CR G   1  or nitrogen, in the case of a single bond to structural element L or carbon, in the case of a double bond to structural element L, 
       W G  is —Y G —N(R G   5 )- or —N(R G   5 )—Y G —, 
       Y G  is CO, CS, C═NR G   2  or CR G   3 R G   4 , 
       R G   1  is hydrogen, halogen, a hydroxyl group or a branched or unbranched, optionally substituted C 1 -C 6 -alkyl or C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy radical, 
       R G   2  is hydrogen, a hydroxyl group, a branched or unbranched, optionally substituted C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy, C 3 -C 7 -cycloalkyl or —O—C 3 -C 7 -cycloalkyl radical or an optionally substituted aryl, —O-aryl, arylalkyl- or —O-alkylene aryl radical, 
       R G   3 , R G   4  
 independently of one another are hydrogen or a branched or unbranched, optionally substituted C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, C 2 -C 6 -alkenyl, C 2 -C 6 -alkynyl or C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy radical or both radicals R G   3  and R G   4  together are a cyclic acetal —O—CH 2 —CH 2 —O— or —O—CH 2 —O— or both radicals R G   3  and R G   4  together are an optionally substituted C 3 -C 7 -cycloalkyl radical, 
 with the proviso that, as substituents of the C 1 -C 6 -alkyl radicals, the groups COOH and carboxylic acid ester are excluded, 
 
       R G   5  is a radical R G   5A  or a radical C 0 -C 6 -alklylene—R G   5B , C 2 -C 4 -alkenylene—R G   5B , C 2 -C 4 -alkynylene—R G   5B , C 1 -C 6 -oxoakylene—R G   5B , C 2 -C 4 -oxoalkenylene—R G   5B , C 2 -C 4 -oxoalkynylene—R G   5B , C 1 -C 4 -aminoalkylene—R G   5B , C 2 -C 4 -aminoalkenylene—R G   5B , C 2 -C 4 -aminoalkynylene—R G   5B , C 2 -C 4 -alkylene—R G   5B , optionally substituted by one or more radicals selected from the group consisting of R G   5A  and R G   5C ,
 R G   5A is a radical COR G   5G , COC(R G   5E ) 2 (R G   5H ), CSR G   5G , S(O) g1 —OR G   5E , S(O) g1 —N(R G   5E )(R G   5F ), PO(OR G   5E ), PO(OR G   5E ) 2 , B(OR G   5E ) 2 , NO 2  or tetrazolyl, 
 R G   5B  is hydrogen or an optionally substituted C 3 -C 7  cycloalkyl, C 3 -C 7 -cycloheteroalkyl, aryl or hetaryl radical, 
 R G   5C  is hydrogen, halogen, CN, NO 2 , OR G   5D , CF 3 , or a radical N(R G   5E )(R G   5D ), CF 3 S(O) g2 , CO 2 R G   5E , CO—N(R g   5E ) 2 , C 0 -C 6 -alkylene—R G   5B , C 1 -C 6 -oxoalkylene—R G   5B , C 2 -C 4 -alkenylene—R G   5B  or C 2 -C 4 -alkynylene—R G   5B , 
 R G   5D  is a radical R G   5E , —CO—R G   5E , CO—OR G   5J , CO—N(R G   5E ) 2 , S(O) g1 —R G   5E  or S(O) g1 —N(R G   5E ) 2 , 
 R G   5E  is hydrogen, an optionally substituted C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, aryl-C 0 -C 6 -alkylene, C 3 -C 7 -cycloalkyl-C 0 -C 6 -alkylene, hetaryl or hetarylalkyl radical, 
 R G   5F  is a radical R G   5E , CO—R G   5E  or CO—OR G   5E , 
 R G   5G is a radical OR G   5E , N(R G   5E )(R G   5F ), N(R G   5E )—SO 2 R G   5E , N(R G   5E ) (OR G   5E ), O—C(R G   5E ) 2 -CO—OR G   5E , O—C(R G   5E ) 2 -O—CO—R G   5E , O—C(R G   5E ) 2 -CO—N(R G   5E ) 2  or CF 3 , 
 R G   5H  is a radical OR G   5E , CN, S(O) g2 —R G   5E , S(O) g1 —N(R G   5E ) 2 , CO—R G   5E , C(O)N(R G   5E ) 2  or CO 2 —R G   5E , 
 R G   5J  is hydrogen or an optionally substituted C 1 -C 6 -alkyl or aryl-C 0 -C 6 -alkylene radical, 
 g1 is 1 or 2 and 
 g2 is 0, 1 or 2, 
 with the proviso that if W G =—Y G —N(R G   5 )- the radical-(CH 2 ) m —COR G   6  is excluded for R G 5, where 
 m is 1 or 2, 
 R G   6  is —OR′, —NR′R″, —NR′SO 2 R′″, —NR′OR′, —OCR′ 2 C(O)OR′, —OCR′ 2 OC(O)R′, —OCR′ 2 C(O)NR′ 2 , —CF 3  or —COC(R′) 2 R G   7 , 
 R G   7  is —OR′, —CN, —S(O) r R′, S(O) 2 N(R′) 2 , —C(O)R′C(O)NR′ 2  or —CO 2 R′, 
 r is 0, 1 or 2, 
 R′ is hydrogen, C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, C 3 -C 7 -cycloalkyl-C 0 -C 4 -alkyl or aryl-C 0 -C 4 -alkyl, 
 R″ is R′, —C(O)R′ or —C(O)OR G   8 , 
 R′″ is C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, C 3 -C 7 -cycloalkyl-C 0 -C 4 -alkyl or aryl-C 0 -C 4 -alkyl, 
 R G   8  is hydrogen, C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, C 3 -C 7 -cycloalkyl-C 0 -C 4  alkyl or aryl-C 0 -C 4 -alkyl. 
 
     
   
   
       7 . A drug containing the structural element of, the formula I GL      -G-L  I GL      where G and L have the following meanings:   L is a structural element of the formula I L  
   —U-T  I L    
   where   T is a group COOH, a radical hydrolyzable to COOH or a radical bioisosteric to COOH and   —U— is —(X L ) a —(CR L   1 R L   2 ) b -, —CR L   1 ═CR L   2 -, ethynylene or ═CR L   1 -, where   a is 0 or 1,   b is 0, 1, or 2,   X L  is CR L   3 R L   4 , NR L   5 , oxygen or sulfur,   R L   1 , R L   2 , R L   3 , R L   4  
 independently of one another are hydrogen, -T, —OH, —NR L   6 R L   7 , —CO—NH 2 , a halogen radical, a branched or unbranched, optionally substituted C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, C 2 -C 6 -alkenyl, C 2 -C 6 -alkynyl, C 3 -C 7 -cycloalkyl, —CO—NH(C 1 -C 6 -alkyl), —CO—N(C 1 -C 6 -alkyl) 2  or C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy radical, an optionally substituted radical C 1 -C 2 -alkylene-T, C 2 -alkenylene-T or C 2 -alkynylene-T, an optionally substituted aryl or arylalkyl radical or independently of one another in each case two radicals R L   1  and R L   2  or R L   3  and R L   4  or optionally R L   1  and R L   3  together are an optionally substituted 3- to 7-membered saturated or unsaturated carbocycle or heterocycle, which can contain up to three different or identical heteroatoms O, N, S, 
   R L   5 , R L   6 , R L   7  
 independently of one another are hydrogen, a branched or unbranched, optionally substituted C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, C 3 -C 7 -cycloalkyl, CO—O—C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, SO 2 —C 1 -C 6 -alkyl or CO—C 1 -C 6 -alkyl radical or an optionally substituted CO—O-alkylenearyl, SO 2 -aryl, CO-aryl, SO 2 -alkylenearyl or CO-alkylenearyl radical, 
   G is a structural element of the formula I G     
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       where 
       the structural element B is bonded via Ar and the structural element L is bonded via X G  to the structural element G by means of a single bond or a double bond and 
       Ar is a fused, aromatic 3- to 10-membered carbocycle or heterocycle which can contain up to four different or identical heteroatoms O, N, S and is optionally substituted by up to 4 substituents, 
       D G  is an optionally substituted, fused, unsaturated or aromatic 3- to 10-membered carbocycle or heterocycle which can contain up to 4 different or identical heteroatoms O, N, S, 
       X G  is CR G   1  or nitrogen, in the case of a single bond to structural element L or carbon, in the case of a double bond to structural element L, 
       W G  is —Y G —N(R G   5 )- or —N(R G   5 )—Y G —, 
       Y G  is CO, CS, C═NR G   2  or CR G   3 R G , 
       R G   1  is hydrogen, halogen, a hydroxyl group or a branched or unbranched, optionally substituted C 1 -C 6 -alkyl or C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy radical, 
       R G   2  is hydrogen, a hydroxyl group, a branched or unbranched, optionally substituted C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy, C 3 -C 7 -cycloalkyl or —O—C 3 -C 7 -cycloalkyl radical or an optionally substituted aryl, —O-aryl, arylalkyl or —O-alkylenearyl radical, 
       R G   3 , R G   4  
 independently of one another are hydrogen or a branched or unbranched, optionally substituted C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, C 2 -C 6 -alkenyl, C 2 -C 6 -alkynyl or C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy radical or both radicals R G   3  and R G   4  together are a cyclic acetal —O—CH 2 —CH 2 —O— or —O—CH 2 —O— or both radicals R G   3  and R G   4  together are an optionally substituted C 3 -C 7 -cycloalkyl radical, 
 with the proviso that, as substituents of the C 1 -C 6 -alkyl radicals, the groups COOH and carboxylic acid ester are excluded, 
 
       R G   5  is a radical R G   5A  or a radical C 0 -C 6 -alklylene—R G   5B , C 2 -C 4 -alkenylene—R G   5B , C 2 -C 4 -alkynylene—R G   5B , C 1 -C 6 -oxoakylene—R G   5B , C 2 -C 4 -oxoalkenylene—R G   5B , C 2 -C 4 -oxoalkynylene—R G   5B , C 1 —C 4 -aminoalkylene—R G   5B , C 2 -C 4 -aminoalkenylene—R G   5B , C 2 -C 4 -aminoalkynylene—R G   5B , C 2 -C 4 -alkylene—R G   5B , optionally substituted by one or more radicals selected from the group consisting of R G   5A  and R G   5C , 
       R G   5A is a radical COR G   5G , COC(R G   5E ) 2 (R G   5H ), CSR G5G , S(O) g1 —OR G   5E , S(O) g1 —N(R G   5E )(R G   5F ), PO(OR G   5E ), PO(OR G   5E ) 2 , NO 2  or tetrazolyl, 
       R G   5B  is hydrogen or an optionally substituted C 3 -C 7  cycloalkyl, C 3 -C 7 -cycloheteroalkyl, aryl or hetaryl radical, 
       R G   5C  is hydrogen, halogen, CN, NO 2 , OR G   5D , CF 3 , or a radical N(R G   5E )(R G   5D ), CF 3 S(O) g2 , CO 2 R G   5E , CO—N(R G   5E ) 2 , C 0 -C 6 -alkylene—R G   5B , C 1 -C 6 -oxoalkylene—R G   5B , C 2 -C 4 -alkenylene—R G   5B  or C 2 -C 4 -alkynylene—R G   5B , 
       R G   5D  is a radical R G   5E , —CO—R G   5E , CO—OR G   5J , CO—N(R G   5E ) 2 , S(O) g1 —R G   5E  or S(O) g1 —N(R G   5E ) 2 , 
       R G   5E  is hydrogen, an optionally substituted C 1 -C 6 ˜alkyl, aryl-C 0 -C 6 -alkylene, C 3 -C 7 -cycloalkyl-C 0 -C 6 -alkylene, hetaryl or hetarylalkyl radical, 
       R G   5F  is a radical R G   5E , CO—R G   5E  or CO—OR G   5E , 
       R G   5G  is a radical OR G   5E , N(R G   5E ) (R G   5F ), N(R G   5E )—SO 2 R G   5E , N(R G   5E ) (OR G   5E ), O—C(R G   5E ) 2 -CO—OR G   5E , O—C(R G   5E ) 2 -O—CO—R G   5E , O—C(R G   5E ) 2 -CO—N(R G   5E ) 2  or CF 3 , 
       R G   5H  is a radical OR G   5E , CN, S(O) g2 —R G   5E , S(O) g1 —N(R G   5E ) 2 , CO—R G   5E , C (O)N(R G   5E ) 2  or CO 2 —R G   5E , 
       R G   5J  is hydrogen or an optionally substituted C 1 -C 6 -alkyl or aryl-C 0 -C 6 -alkylene radical, 
       g1 is 1 or 2 and 
       g2 is 0, 1 or 2, 
       with the proviso that if W G =—Y G —N(R G   5 )- the radical —(CH 2 ) m —COR G   6  is excluded for R G   5 , 
       m is 1 or 2, 
       R G   6  is —OR′, —NR′R″, —NR′SO 2 R′″, —NR′OR′, —OCR′ 2 C(O)OR′, —OCR′ 2 OC(O)R′, —OCR′ 2 C(O)NR′ 2 , —CF 3  or —COC(R′) 2 R G   7 , 
       R G   7  is —OR′, —CN, —S(O) r R′, S(O) 2 N(R′) 2 , —C(O)R′C(O)NR′ 2  or —CO 2 R′, 
       r is 0, 1 or 2 
       R′ is hydrogen, C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, C 3 -C 7 -cycloalkyl-C 0 -C 4 -alkyl or aryl-C 0 -C 4 -alkyl, 
       R″ is R′, —C(O)R′ or —C(O)OR G   8 , 
       R′″ is C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, C 3 -C 7 -cycloalkyl-C 0 -C 4 -alkyl or aryl-C 0 -C 4 -alkyl, 
       R G   8  is hydrogen, C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, C 3 -C 7 -cycloalkyl-C 0 -C 4 -alkyl or aryl-C 0 -C 4 -alkyl. 
     
   
   
       8 . A pharmaceutical preparation, comprising at least one compound as claimed in  claim 1 , in addition to the customary pharmaceutical excipients. 
   
   
       9 . The use of a compound as claimed in  claim 1  for the production of drugs for the treatment of diseases. 
   
   
       10 . The use of a compound as claimed in  claim 1  as integrin receptor ligands. 
   
   
       11 . The use of a compound as claimed in  claim 1  as claimed in  claim 10  as ligands of the αvβ 3  integrin receptor. 
   
   
       12 . The use of a compound as claimed in  claim 1 , as claimed in  claim 9  for the production of drugs for the treatment of diseases in which the interaction between integrins and their natural ligands is excessive or decreased. 
   
   
       13 . The use of a compound as claim in  claim 1  as claimed in  claim 12  for the treatment of diseases in which the interaction between αvβ 3  integrin and its natural ligands is excessive or decreased. 
   
   
       14 . The use of a compound as claimed in  claim 1  as claimed in  claim 13  for the treatment of atherosclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, restenosis after vascular injury or stent implantation, angioplasty, acute kidney failure, angiogenesis-associated microangiopathies, diabetic angiopathies, blood platelet-mediated vascular occlusion, arterial thrombosis, congestive heart failure, myocardial infarct, stroke, cancer, osteoporosis, high blood pressure, psoriasis or viral, parasitic, mycotic or bacterial conditions or infections, inflammations, wound healing, hyperparathyroidism, Paget's disease, malignant hypercalcemia or metastatic osteolytic lesions. 
   
   
       15 . A pharmaceutical preparation, comprising at least one compound as claimed in  claim 1 , if appropriate pharmaceutical excipients and at least one further compound selected from the group consisting of inhibitors of blood platelet adhesion, activation or aggregation, anticoagulants which prevent thrombin activity or formation, antagonists of blood platelet-activating compounds and selectin antagonists. 
   
   
       16 . The use of a pharmaceutical preparation as claims in  claim 15  for the production of a drug for treating blood platelet-mediated vascular occlusion or thrombosis. 
   
   
       17 . A pharmaceutical preparation, comprising at least one compound as claim in  claim 1 , if appropriate pharmaceutical excipients and at least one further compound selected from the group consisting of inhibitors of blood platelet activation or aggregation, serine protease inhibitors,
 fibrinogen-lowering compounds,   selectin antagonists,   antagonists of ICAM-1 or VCAM-1   inhibitors of leukocyte adhesion   inhibitors of vascular wall transmigration,   fibrinolysis-modulating compounds,   inhibitors of complement factors,   endothelin receptor antagonists,   tyrosine kinase inhibitors,   antioxidants and   
     interleukin 8 antagonists. 
   
   
       18 . The use of a pharmaceutical preparation as claims in  claim 17  for the production of a drug for treating myocardial infarct or stroke 
   
   
       19 . A pharmaceutical preparation comprising at least one compound as claimed in  claim 1 , if appropriate pharmaceutical excipients and at least one further compound selected from the group consisting of
 endothelin antagonists,   ACE inhibitors,   angiothensin receptor antagonists,   endopeptidase inhibitors,   beta-blockers,   calcium channel antagonists,   phosphodiesterase inhibitors and   caspase inhibitors.   
   
   
       20 . The use of the pharmaceutical preparation as claimed in  claim 19  for the production of a drug for treating congestive heart failure. 
   
   
       21 . A pharmaceutical preparation comprising at least one compound as claimed in  claim 1 , if appropriate pharmaceutical excipients and at least one further compound selected from the group consisting of thrombin inhibitors,
 inhibitors of factor Xa,   inhibitors of the coagulation pathway which leads to thrombin formation,   inhibitors of blood platelet adhesion, activation or aggregation,   endothelin receptor antagonists,   nitrogen oxide synthase inhibitors,   CD44 antagonists,   selectin antagonists,   MCP-1 antagonists,   inhibitors of signal transaction in proliferating cells,   antagonists of the cell response mediated by EGF, PDGF, VEGF or bFGF and anti oxidants.   
   
   
       22 . The use of a pharmaceutical preparation as claimed in  claim 21  for the production of a drug for treating restenosis after vascular injury or stent implantation. 
   
   
       23 . A pharmaceutical preparation comprising at least one compound as claimed in  claim 1 , if appropriate pharmaceutical excipients and at least one further compound selected from the group consisting of
 antagonists of the cell response mediated by EGF, PDGF, VEGF or bFGF,   heparin or low-molecular weight heparins or further GAGs,   inhibitors of MMPs,   selectin antagonists,   endothelin antagonists,   ACE inhibitors,   angiotensin receptor antagonists,   glycosylation inhibitors and   AGE formation inhibitors or AGE breakers and antagonists of their receptors.   
   
   
       24 . The use of the pharmaceutical preparation as claimed in  claim 23  for the production of a drug for treating diabetic angiopathies. 
   
   
       25 . A pharmaceutical preparation comprising at least one compound as claimed in  claim 1 , if appropriate pharmaceutical excipients and at least one further compound selected from the group consisting of
 lipid-lowering compounds,   selectin antagonists,   antagonists of ICAM-1 or VCAM-1   heparin or low-molecular weight heparins or further GAGs,   inhibitors of MMPs,   endothelin antagonists,   apolipoprotein A1 antagonists,   cholesterol antagonists,   HMG CoA reductase inhibitors,   ACAT inhibitors,   ACE inhibitors,   angiothensin receptor antagonists,   tyrosine kinase inhibitors,   protein kinase C inhibitors,   calcium channel antagonists,   LDL receptor function stimulants,   anti oxidants   LCAT mimetics and   free radical scavengers.   
   
   
       26 . The use of the pharmaceutical preparation as claimed in  claim 25  for the production of a drug for treating atherosclerosis. 
   
   
       27 . A pharmaceutical preparation comprising at least one compound as claimed in  claim 1 , if appropriate pharmaceutical excipients and at least one further compound selected from the group consisting of
 cytostatic or antineoplastic compounds,   compounds which inhibit proliferation and   heparin or low-molecular weight heparins or further GAGs.   
   
   
       28 . The use of a pharmaceutical preparation as claimed in  claim 27  for the production of a drug for treating cancer. 
   
   
       29 . A pharmaceutical preparation comprising at least one compound as claimed in  claim 1 , if appropriate pharmaceutical excipients and at least one further compound selected from the group consisting of
 compounds for antiresorptive therapy,   compounds for hormone replacement therapy,   recombinant human growth hormone,   bisphosphonates,   compounds for calcitonin therapy,   calcitonin stimulants,   calcium channel antagonists,   bone formation stimulants,   interleukin-6 antagonists and   Src tyrosine kinase inhibitors.   
   
   
       30 . The use of the pharmaceutical preparation as claimed in  claim 29  for the production of a drug for treating osteoporosis. 
   
   
       31 . A pharmaceutical preparation comprising at least one compound as claimed in  claim 1 , if appropriate pharmaceutical excipients and at least one further compound selected from the group consisting of
 TNF inhibitors,   antagonists of VLA-4 or VCAM-1,   antagonists of LFA-1, Mac-1 or ICAMs,   complement inhibitors,   immunosuppressants,   interleukin-1, -5 or -8 antagonists and   dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors.   
   
   
       32 . The use of a pharmaceutical preparation as claimed in  claim 31  for the production of a drug for treating rheumatoid arthritis. 
   
   
       33 . A pharmaceutical preparation comprising at least one compound as claimed in  claim 1 , if appropriate pharmaceutical excipients and at least one further compound selected from the group consisting of
 collagenase,   PDGF antagonists and   MMPs.   
   
   
       34 . The use of the pharmaceutical preparation as claimed in  claim 33  for the production of a drug for improving wound healing.