Fracture resistant friction stir welding tools

Abstract

Friction stir welding tool to facilitate stress reduction within the tool that may include a body, a pin, a tension member, and an end assembly, the tension member and end assembly facilitating axial compression of the pin. The tension member may be decoupled from the pin and/or body of the tool via one or more decoupling members. The end assembly may comprise spring members to provide an axial force to the tension member. The pin may include various features to facilitate stress reduction proximal the pin.

1 . A friction stir welding tool comprising:
 a friction stir welding tool body comprising:
 a friction stir welding machine drive system interface capable of cooperation with a friction stir welding machine drive system to apply an input rotational speed onto the friction stir welding tool body; and 
 a pin portion adjacent the friction stir welding machine drive system interface, wherein the pin portion operating at an output rotational speed plasticizes material in a joint to be friction stir welded; and 
   a tension member having two ends, wherein the two ends being a proximal end and a distal end, wherein the distal end is coupled to the pin portion to induce a compressive load thereon and the proximal end is coupled to the friction stir welding machine drive system interface, wherein an angular displacement of the distal end relative to the proximal end may occur during friction stir welding when the output rotational speed is less than the input rotational speed; and   a decoupling member operatively connected to at least one end of the two ends of the tension member;   whereby a torsional stress within the tension member caused by the angular displacement is reduced when the decoupling member decouples the at least one end of the tension member from the friction stir welding tool body.   
   
   
       2 . The friction stir welding tool according to  claim 1  wherein the friction stir welding drive system interface is disposed between the decoupling member and the pin portion. 
   
   
       3 . A friction stir welding tool comprising:
 a body having a length with a distal end, a proximal end, and an internal bore therethrough having an inner diameter along a longitudinal axis, the proximal end including a pin portion;   a plurality of fibers bundled together having a proximal end, a distal end, and an outer diameter along a longitudinal axis, the outer diameter being smaller than the inner diameter of the internal bore, wherein the bundle longitudinal axis and the body longitudinal axis form a substantially common longitudinal axis when the bundle is disposed within the internal bore of the body; and   wherein the bundle interconnects to the pin portion of the body and the distal end of the body and the bundle is further capable of relative rotational movement there-between.   
   
   
       4 . The friction stir welding tool according to  claim 3  wherein the plurality of fibers are ceramic fibers. 
   
   
       5 . The friction stir welding tool according to  claim 3  wherein the plurality of fibers are carbon-based fibers. 
   
   
       6 . The friction stir welding tool according to  claim 3  further comprising an adjustable tension member axial tensile preload device, wherein the axial tensile preload device is a biasing member. 
   
   
       7 . A friction stir welding tool comprising:
 a tool body;   a pin integral with a proximal end of the tool body, the pin comprising a plurality of threads on the outer surface thereof;   a tension member within and extending at least partially through the tool body, wherein the tension member comprises a shoulder portion near a proximal end of the pin, wherein the shoulder portion is interconnected with a complementary portion of the pin near a proximal end of the pin; and   an end assembly interconnected to a distal end of the tension member, wherein the end assembly is in physical communication with the distal end of the tool body via a decoupling member, and wherein the decoupling member is interconnected with a first portion of the tension member and is capable of restricting transfer of forces from the pin to the tension member.   
   
   
       8 . The tool according to  claim 7  wherein the tension member comprises a plurality of fibers interconnected to the pin and the tool body. 
   
   
       9 . The tool according to  claim 7  wherein the tool body and the pin form a monolithic structure. 
   
   
       10 . The tool according to  claim 9  wherein the monolithic structure further comprises a tool shoulder integral with a middle portion of the tool body, the tool shoulder comprising a working surface facing a distal end of the pin. 
   
   
       11 . The tool according to  claim 7  wherein the friction stir welding tool is a bobbin-style welding tool. 
   
   
       12 . A friction stir welding pin for use with a friction stir welding tool, the pin comprising:
 a length having at least three longitudinal segments;   a first longitudinal segment having at least one outer diameter along a length, the length having a proximal end and a distal end;   a second longitudinal segment having at least one outer diameter along a length, wherein the length having a proximal end, middle section, and distal end, wherein the proximal end being adjacent the distal end of the first longitudinal segment; and   a third longitudinal segment having at least one outer diameter along a length, the length having a proximal end and a distal end, wherein the proximal end of the third longitudinal segment being adjacent the distal end of the second longitudinal segment;   wherein the at least one outer diameter of the second longitudinal segment being greater that the at least one outer diameters of the first and third longitudinal segments thereby forming a bulged region in the pin; and   whereby the local hoop-stress field in the bulge region is lowered below the yield strength of the pin.   
   
   
       13 . The friction stir welding pin according to  claim 12  wherein the at least one outer diameters of the first, second, and third longitudinal segments are substantial constant along their respective lengths. 
   
   
       14 . The friction stir welding pin according to  claim 12  wherein the at least one outer diameters of the first, second, and third longitudinal segments are not substantial constant along their respective lengths. 
   
   
       15 . The friction stir welding pin according to  claim 12  wherein:
 the at least one outer diameter of the first longitudinal segment increases from the proximal end to the distal end of the first longitudinal segment;   the at least one outer diameter of the second longitudinal segment increases from the proximal end to a predetermined length along the length of the second longitudinal segment, and the at least one outer diameter of the second longitudinal segment decreases from the predetermined length to the distal end of the second longitudinal segment; and   the at least one outer diameter of the third longitudinal segment decreases from the proximal end to the distal end of the third longitudinal segment.   
   
   
       16 . The friction stir welding pin according to  claim 15  wherein the at least one outer diameter of the distal end of the first longitudinal segment is substantially equal to the at least one outer diameter of the proximal end of the second longitudinal segment, and the at least one outer diameter of the distal end of the second longitudinal segment is substantially equal to the at least one outer diameter of the proximal end of the third longitudinal segment. 
   
   
       17 . The friction stir welding pin according to  claim 16  further comprising a plurality of threaded segments circumscribing the outer surface of the pin for a portion of the length of the pin and at least two thread-less longitudinal sections spanning the entire length of the pin that form equidistance spaces between the plurality of threaded segments. 
   
   
       18 . The friction stir welding pin according to  claim 17  wherein at least one threaded segment of the plurality of threaded segments is left-handed threads and another at least one threaded segment of the plurality of threaded segments is right-handed threads. 
   
   
       19 . The friction stir welding pin according to  claim 17  wherein all the threaded segments of the plurality of threaded segments are all left-handed threads or all right-handed. 
   
   
       20 . The friction stir welding pin according to  claim 12  wherein at least one segment comprises a plurality of outer diameter that increase or decrease relative to each other at a linear rate. 
   
   
       21 . The friction stir welding pin according to  claim 12  wherein at least one segment comprises a plurality of outer diameters that increase or decrease relative to each other at a non-linear rate. 
   
   
       22 . The friction stir welding pin according to  claim 20  further comprising at least one segment comprises a plurality of outer diameters that increase or decrease relative to each other at a non-linear rate.