Liquid conductivity additives for nonaqueous hydraulic oils

Abstract

Composition comprising nonaqueous hydraulic oils or lubricants and one or more conductivity additives which form clear solutions or mixtures with the hydraulic oil and optionally further customary additives for increasing the conductivity of nonaqueous hydraulic oils and/or lubricants.

1 . Composition comprising nonaqueous hydraulic oils or lubricants and one or more conductivity additives which form clear solutions or mixtures with the hydraulic oil and optionally further customary additives. 
     
     
         2 . Composition according to  claim 1 , characterized in that the conductivity additive is liquid and of ionic structure and contains ions with organic radicals. 
     
     
         3 . Composition according to  claim 1 , characterized in that the ionic conductivity additive comprises at least one cation and/or one anion with organic radicals. 
     
     
         4 . Composition according to  claim 1 , characterized in that the ionic conductivity additive in the cation and/or anion contains at least one organic radical with at least 8 carbon atoms, where the sum of the carbon atoms of all radicals is at least 14. 
     
     
         5 . Composition according to  claim 1 , comprising, as a conductivity additive, a compound of the formulae (I), (II) or (III)
   [A] n   + [Y] n−   (I)   
       in which
 n is 1, 2, 3 or 4, 
 [A] +  is a quaternary ammonium cation, an oxonium cation, a sulphonium cation or a phosphonium cation and 
 [Y] n−  is an n-valent anion and/or mixed salts of the general formulae (II)
   [A 1 ] + [A 2 ] + [Y] 2−   (IIa), 
   [A 1 ] + [A 2 ] + [A 3 ] + [Y] 3−   (IIb), or 
   [A 1 ] + [A 2 ] + [A 3 ] + [A 4 ] +[Y]   4−   (IIc), 
 
 
       where
 [A 1 ] + , [A 2 ] +  [A 3 ] +  and [A 4 ] +  are each independently selected from the groups specified for [A] + , 
 [Y] n−  is as defined for formula (I) and/or 
 
       mixed salts of the general formulae (III)
   [A 1 ] + [A 2 ] + [A 3 ] + [M 1 ] + [Y] 4−   (IIIa), 
   [A 1 ] + [A 2 ] + [M 1 ] + [M 2 ] + [Y] 4−   (IIIb), 
   [A 1 ] + [M 1 ] + [M 2 ] + [M 3 ] + [Y] 4−   (IIIc), 
   [A 1 ] + [A 2 ] + [M 1 ] + [Y] 3−   (IIId), 
   [A 1 ] + [M 1 ] + [M 2 ] + [Y] 3−   (IIIe), 
   [A 1 ] + [M 1 ] + [Y] 2−   (IIIf), 
   [A 1 ] + [A 2 ]+[M 4 ] 2+ [Y] 4−   (IIIg), 
   [A 1 ] + [M 1 ] + [M 4 ] 2+ [Y] 4−   (IIIh), 
   [A 1 ] + [M 5 ] 3+ [Y] 4−   (IIIi), or 
   [A 1 ] + [M 4 ] 2+ [Y] 3−   (IIIj), 
 
       where
 [A 1 ] + , [A 2 ] +  or [A 3 ] +  are each independently selected from the groups specified for [A] + , 
 [Y] n−  is as defined for formula (I) and 
 [M 1 ] + , [M 2 ] + , [M 3 ] +  are each monovalent metal cations, 
 [M 4 ] 2+  are divalent metal cations and 
 [M 5 ] 3+  are trivalent metal cations 
 
       or mixtures of all formulae (I) to (III). 
     
     
         6 . Composition according to  claim 5  comprising, as a cation [A + ], structural elements of the general formulae (IV) to (VIII)
   R 1 R 2 R 3 R 4 N +   (IV)     R 1 R 2 N + ═CR 3 R 4   (V)     R 1 R 2 R 3 R 4 P +   (VI)     R 1 R 2 P + ═CR 3 R 4   (VII)     R 1 R 2 R 3 S +   (VIII)   
       in which
 R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4  are the same or different and are each hydrogen, a linear or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon radical which has 1 to 30 carbon atoms and may contain double bonds, with the proviso that at least one radical is not hydrogen, a cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon radical which has 5 to 40 carbon atoms and may contain double bonds, an aromatic hydrocarbon radical having 6 to 40 carbon atoms, an alkylaryl radical having 7 to 40 carbon atoms, a linear or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon radical which has 2 to 30 carbon atoms, may contain double bonds and is interrupted by one or more heteroatoms such as oxygen, NH, NR′ where R′ is a C 1 -C 30 -alkyl radical which may contain double bonds, a linear or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon radical which has 2 to 30 carbon atoms, may contain double bonds and is interrupted by one or more functionalities selected from the group of —O—C(O)—, —(O)C—O—, —NH—C(O)—, —(O)C—NH, —(CH 3 )N—C(O)—, —(O)C—N(CH 3 )—, —S(O 2 )—O—, —O—S(O 2 )—, —S(O 2 )—NH—, —NH—S(O 2 )—, —S(O 2 )—N(CH 3 )—, —N(CH 3 )—S(O 2 )—, a linear or branched aliphatic or cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon radical which has 1 to 30 carbon atoms, may contain double bonds and is functionalized terminally with OH, OR′, NH 2 , N(H)R′, N(R′) 2  in which R′ is a C 1 -C 30 -alkyl radical which may contain double bonds, or a polyether of blockwise or random construction according to —(R 5 —O) n —R 6 , 
 
       where
 R 5  is a linear or branched hydrocarbon radical containing 2 to 4 carbon atoms, 
 n is 1 to 100 and 
 R 6  is hydrogen, a linear or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon radical which has 1 to 30 carbon atoms and may contain double bonds, a cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon radical which has 5 to 40 carbon atoms and may contain double bonds, an aromatic hydrocarbon radical having 6 to 40 carbon atoms, an alkylaryl radical having 7 to 40 carbon atoms or a —C(O)—R 7  radical where 
 R 7  is a linear or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon radical which has 1 to 30 carbon atoms and may contain double bonds, a cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon radical which has 5 to 40 carbon atoms and may contain double bonds, an aromatic hydrocarbon radical having 6 to 40 carbon atoms, an alkylaryl radical having 7 to 40 carbon atoms. 
 
     
     
         7 . Composition according to  claim 6 , characterized in that the metal cations [M 1 ] + , [M 2 ] + , [M 3 ] + , [M 4 ] 2+  and [M 5 ] 3+  are selected from the metal cations of groups 1, 2, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 and 13 of the Periodic Table in the IUPAC nomenclature. 
     
     
         8 . Composition according to  claim 7 , characterized in that the anions [Y] n−  are selected from the group of the halides, carboxylates, phosphates, thiocyanates, isothiocyanates, dicyanamides, sulphates, alkylsulphates, sulphonates, alkylsulphonates, tetrafluoroborate, hexafluoro-phosphate, bis(trifluoromethylsulphonyl)imide, dialkylphosphates, isostearates, alkylbenzylsulphonates, bis(alkyl)phosphinates, phosphatides, decanoates. 
     
     
         9 . Composition according to  claim 5 , characterized in that the anions [Y] n−  are combined with cations [A 1 ] + , [A 2]   +  [A 3 ] +  and [A 4 ] +  in the form of substituted ammonium, phosphonium, pyridinium or imidazolium cations. 
     
     
         10 . Composition according to  claim 9 , characterized in that the conductivity additive or the mixture of conductivity additives is composed of at least one quaternary nitrogen and/or phosphorus compound and/or sulphur compound and at least one anion [Y] n−  and the melting point of the composition is below about +250° C. 
     
     
         11 . Composition according to  claim 10 , characterized in that the conductivity additive or mixtures thereof is/are liquid at room temperature. 
     
     
         12 . A method of increasing the electrical conductivity in hydraulic and/or lubricant system which comprises of adding an effective amount of the composition of  claim 1  to a hydraulic and/or lubricant system. 
     
     
         13 . The method of  claim 12 , wherein the one or more hydraulic oils or lubricants comprise of one or more compounds selected from N,N-di(tallowyloxyethyl)-N,N-dimethylammonium chloride; N,N-di(canolyloxyethyl)-N,N-dimethylammonium chloride; N,N-di(tallowyloxyethyl)-N-methyl,N-(2-hydroxyethyl)ammonium methylsulphate; N,N-di(canolyloxyethyl)-N-methyl,N-(2-hydroxyethyl) ammonium methylsulphate; N,N-di(tallowylamidoethyl)-N-methyl,N-(2-hydroxyethyl)ammonium methylsulphate; N,N-di(2-tallowyloxy-2-oxo-ethyl)-N,N-dimethylammonium chloride; N,N-di(2-canolyloxy-2-oxo-ethyl)-N,N-dimethylammonium chloride; N,N-di(2-tallowyloxyethylcarbonyloxyethyl)-N,N-dimethylammonium chloride; N,N-di(2-canolyloxyethylcarbonyloxyethyl)-N,N-dimethylammonium chloride; N(2-tallowoyloxy-2-ethyl)-N-(2-tallowyloxy-2-oxo-ethyl)-N,N-dimethylammonium chloride; N(2-canolyloxy-2-ethyl)-N(2-canolyloxy-2-oxo-ethyl)-N,N-dimethylammonium chloride; N,N,N-tri(tallowyloxyethyl)-N-methylammonium chloride; N,N,N-tri(canolyloxyethyl)-N-methylammonium chloride; 1,2-ditallowyloxy-3-N,N,N-trimethylammoniopropyl chloride, 1,2-dicanolyloxy-3-N,N,N-trimethylammoniopropyl chloride, ditallowdimethylammonium chloride, ditallowdimethylammonium methylsulphate, dimethylammonium chloride of di(hydrogenated tallow) distearyldimethylammonium chloride and/or dibehenyldimethylammonium chloride as a conductivity additive, in hydraulic systems or lubricant systems. 
     
     
         14 . The method of  claim 12 , wherein the composition further comprises as a conductivity additive, compounds which contain, as cations, structure fragmente which derive from saturated or unsaturated cyclic compounds and from aromatic compounds having in each case at least one trivalent nitrogen atom in a 4- to 10-membered, which may optionally be substituted, in hydraulic systems or lubricant systems. 
     
     
         15 . The method of  claim 14 , wherein the cation of the conductivity additive has the structure of the formulae (IX), (X) and (XI), where the heterocyclic rings may optionally also contain a plurality of heteroatoms, such as nitrogen, oxygen or sulphur, and 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         R 1  and R 2  are the same or different; R 1 ,R 2  are the same or different with the proviso that at least one radical is not hydrogen, and are each hydrogen, a linear or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon radical which has 1 to 30 carbon atoms and may contain double bonds, a cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon radical which has 5 to 40 carbon atoms and may contain double bonds, an aromatic hydrocarbon radical having 6 to 40 carbon atoms, an alkylaryl radical having to 40 carbon atoms, a linear or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon radical which has 2 to 30 carbon atoms, may contain double bonds and is interrupted by one or more heteroatoms (oxygen, NH, NR′ where R′ is a C 1 -C 30 -alkyl radical which may contain double bonds, especially —CH 3 ), a linear or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon radical which has 2 to 30 carbon atoms, may contain double bonds and is interrupted by one or more functionalities selected from the group of —O—C(O)—, —(O)C—O—, —NH—C(O)—, —(O)C—NH, —(CH 3 )N—C(O)—, —(O)C—N(CH 3 )—, —S(O 2 )—O—, —O—S (O 2 )—, —S(O 2 ) —NH—, —NH—S(O 2 )—, —S(O 2 )—N(CH 3 )—, —N(CH 2 )—S(O 2 )—, a linear or branched aliphatic or cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon radical which has 1 to 30 carbon atoms, may contain double bonds and is functionalized terminally with OH, OR′, NH 2 , N(H)R′, N(R′) 2  in which R′ is a C 1 -C 30 -alkyl radical which may contain double bonds, or a polyether of blockwise or random construction according to —(R 5 —O) n —R 6 , 
       
       where
 R 5  is a linear or branched hydrocarbon radical containing 2 to 4 carbon atoms, 
 n is 1 to 100, preferably 2 to 60, and 
 R 6  is hydrogen, a linear or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon radical which has 1 to 30 carbon atoms and may contain double bonds, a cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon radical which has 5 to 40 carbon atoms and may contain double bonds, an aromatic hydrocarbon radical having 6 to 40 carbon atoms, an alkylaryl radical having 7 to 40 carbon atoms or a —C(O)—R 7  radical where 
 R 7  is a linear or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon radical which has 1 to 30 carbon atoms and may contain double bonds, a cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon radical which has 5 to 40 carbon atoms and may contain double bonds, an aromatic hydrocarbon radical having 6 to 40 carbon atoms, an alkylaryl radical having 7 to 40 carbon atoms. 
 R is a hydrogen, a linear or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon radical which has 1 to 30 carbon atoms and may contain double bonds, a cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon radical which has 5 to 40 carbon atoms and may contain double bonds, an aromatic hydrocarbon radical having 6 to 40 carbon atoms or an alkylaryl radical having 7 to 40 carbon atoms, and 
 X is an oxygen atom, a sulphur atom or a substituted nitrogen atom (X=O, S, NR′) and the cyclic nitrogen compounds may be unsubstituted (R=H), monosubstituted or else polysubstituted by the R radical, where, in the case of polysubstitution by R, the individual R radicals may be the same or different, in hydraulic systems or lubricant systems. 
 
     
     
         16 . The method of  claim 14 , wherein the cations of the conductivity additive can be derived from saturated acyclic, saturated or unsaturated cyclic compounds and from aromatic compounds having in each case more than one trivalent nitrogen atom in a 4- to 10-membered, heterocyclic ring and may be substituted both on the carbon atoms and on the nitrogen atoms and may optionally be fused by substituted benzene rings and/or cyclohexane rings to form polycyclic structures, in hydraulic systems or lubricant systems.