Polymer having a sulfonic group or a sulfonate group and an amide group and method of producing same

Abstract

A polymer is provided in which a sulfonic group or a derivative thereof is introduced. The polymer includes a unit represented by the following chemical formula (1): wherein R represents -A 1 -SO 2 R 1 ; A l is selected from an alkylene group, a heterocyclic ring, an aromatic ring; and —SO 2 R 1 is a sulfonic group or of a derivative of a sulfonic acid.

1 . A polymer which contains one or more units each having a structure represented by chemical formula (1): 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein R represents -A 1 -SO 2 R 1 ; R 1w , R 1x , and R 1y  are selected from combinations described in the following items (i) and (ii); for the item (i), A 1  and R 1  are selected from combinations described in the following items (i-A) to (i-G); for the item (ii), A 1  and R 1  are selected from combinations described in the following item (ii-A): 
         (i) R 1w  and R 1x  each represent a hydrogen atom, and R 1y  represents a CH 3  group or a hydrogen atom; 
         (i-A) A 1  represents a methylene group, an ethylene group, a linear or branched alkylene group having 3 carbon atoms, an alkylene group having 4 carbon atoms selected from the chemical formulae (101), an alkylene group having 5 carbon atoms selected from the chemical formulae (402), a linear or branched alkylene group having 6 to 8 carbon atoms, an unsubstituted aromatic ring structure represented by the chemical formula (104a) or (104b), or an unsubstituted heterocyclic structure; and R 1  represents a halogen atom or OR 1a  where R 1a  represents a substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic hydrocarbon structure, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring structure, or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic structure; 
         (i-B) A 1  represents an unsubstituted aromatic ring structure represented by the chemical formula (105); and R 1  represents a halogen atom or OR 1a  where R 1a  represents a methyl group, a linear or branched alkyl group having 3 to 8 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring structure, or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic structure; 
         (i-C) A 1  represents a branched alkylene group having 4 carbon atoms represented by the chemical formula (106); and R 1  represents a halogen atom or OR 1a  where R 1a  represents a linear or branched alkyl group having 3 carbon atoms, a branched alkyl group having 4 carbon atoms, a linear or branched alkyl group having 5 to 8 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring structure, or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic structure; 
         (i-D) A 1  represents a branched alkylene group having 4 carbon atoms represented by the chemical formula (107); and R 1  represents a halogen atom or OR 1a  where R 1a  represents a linear or branched alkyl group having 2 to 8 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring structure, or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic structure; 
         (i-E) A 1  represents a substituted aromatic ring structure; and R 1  represents OH, a halogen atom, ONa, OK, or OR 1a  where R 1a  represents a substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic hydrocarbon structure, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring structure, or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic structure; 
         (i-F) A 1  represents a substituted heterocyclic structure; and R 1  represents OH, a halogen atom, ONa, OK, or OR 1a  where R 1a  represents a substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic hydrocarbon structure, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring structure, or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic structure; 
         (i-G) A 1  represents an unsubstituted naphthalene structure; and R 1  represents a halogen atom or OR 1a  where R 1a  represents a substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic hydrocarbon structure, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring structure, or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic structure. 
         (ii) R 1w , and R 1x  each independently represent a halogen atom or a hydrogen atom; R 1y  represents a CH 3  group, a halogen atom, or a hydrogen atom; at least one of R 1w , R 1x , and R 1y  represents a halogen atom; 
         (ii-A) A 1  represents a substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic hydrocarbon structure, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring structure, or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic structure; and R 1  represents OH, a halogen atom, ONa, OK, or OR 1a  where R 1a  represents a substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic hydrocarbon structure, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring structure, or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic structure; 
       
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
     
     
         2 . A polymer according to  claim 1 , wherein the structure represented by the chemical formula (1) corresponds to chemical formula (2): 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein R represents -A 2 -SO 2 R 2 ; R 2w  and R 2x  each represent a hydrogen atom, and R 2y  represents a CH 3  group or a hydrogen atom; A 2  represents a methylene group, an ethylene group, a linear or branched alkylene group having 3 carbon atoms, an alkylene group having 4 carbon atoms represented by one of the chemical formulae (401), an alkylene group having 5 carbon atoms represented by one of the chemical formulae (502), a linear or branched alkylene group having 6 to 8 carbon atoms, an unsubstituted aromatic ring structure represented by the chemical formula (409a) or (409b), or an unsubstituted heterocyclic structure; R 2  represents a halogen atom or OR 2a . R 2a  represents a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group; 
       
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
     
     
         3 . A polymer according to  claim 1 , wherein the structure represented by the chemical formula (1) corresponds to chemical formula (5): 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein R represents -A 5 -SO 2 R 5 ; R 5w  and R 5x  each represent a hydrogen atom, and R 5y  represents a CH 3  group or a hydrogen atom; A 5  represents an unsubstituted aromatic ring structure represented by the chemical formula (110); R 5  represents a halogen atom or OR 5a  where R 5a  represents a methyl group, a linear or branched alkyl group having 3 to 8 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group: 
       
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
     
     
         4 . A polymer according to  claim 1 , wherein the structure represented by the chemical formula (1) corresponds to chemical formula (6): 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein R represents -A 6 -SO 2 R 6 ; R 6w  and R 6x  each represent a hydrogen atom, and R 6y  represents a CH 3  group or a hydrogen atom; A 6  represents a branched alkylene group having 4 carbon atoms represented by the chemical formula (406); R 6  represents a halogen atom or OR 6a  where R 6a  represents a linear or branched alkyl group having 3 carbon atoms, a branched alkyl group having 4 carbon atoms, a linear or branched alkyl group having 5 to 8 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group: 
       
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
     
     
         5 . A polymer according to  claim 1 , wherein the structure represented by the chemical formula (1) corresponds to chemical formula (7): 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein R represents -A 7 -SO 2 R 7 ; R 7w  and R 7x  each represent a hydrogen atom, and R 7y  represents a CH 3  group or a hydrogen atom; A 7  represents a branched alkylene group having 4 carbon atoms represented by the chemical formula (407); R 7  represents a halogen atom or OR 7a  where R 7a  represents a linear or branched alkyl group having 2 to 8 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group: 
       
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
     
     
         6 . A polymer according to  claim 1 , wherein the structure represented by the chemical formula (1) corresponds to the chemical formula (8): 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein R 203w  and R 203x  each represent a hydrogen atom, and R 203y  represents a CH 3  group or a hydrogen atom; at least one of R 203a , R 203b , R 203c , R 203d , and R 203e  represents SO 2 R 203f  (R 203f  represents OH, a halogen atom, ONa, OK, or OR 203h  where R 203h  represents a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group); each of R 203a , R 203b , R 203c , R 203d , and R 203e  is selected from a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an OH group, an NH 2  group, an NO 2  group, COOR 203g  (R 203g  represents an H atom, an Na atom, or a K atom), an acetamide group, an OPh group, an NHPh group, a CF 3  group, a C 2 F 5  group, and a C 3 F 7  group; up to three of R 203a , R 203b , R 203c , R 203d , and R 203e  can represent hydrogen atoms. 
       
     
     
         7 . A polymer according to  claim 1 , wherein the structure represented by the chemical formula (1) corresponds to the chemical formula (507): 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein R represents -A 507 -SO 2 R 507 ; R 507w  and R 507x  each represent a hydrogen atom, and R 507y  represents a CH 3  group or a hydrogen atom; A 507  represents a substituted heterocyclic structure; R 507  represents OH, a halogen atom, ONa, OK, or OR 507a  where R 507a  represents a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group. 
       
     
     
         8 . A polymer according to  claim 1 , wherein the structure represented by the chemical formula (1) corresponds to the chemical formula (509a) or (509b): 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein R 509w  and R 509x  each represent a hydrogen atom, and R 509y  represents a CH 3  group or a hydrogen atom; one of R 509a , R 509b , R 509c , R 509d , R 509e , R 509f  and R 509g  represents SO 2 R 509o  (R 509o  represents a halogen atom or OR 509s  where R 509s  represents a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group); the others represent hydrogen atoms; 
       
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein R 509v  and R 509u  each represent a hydrogen atom, and R 509z  represents a CH 3  group or a hydrogen atom; one of R 509h , R 509i , R 509j ,R 509k , R 509l , R 509m  and R 509n  represents SO 2 R 509q  (R 509q  represents a halogen atom or OR 509t  where R 509t  represents a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group); the others represent hydrogen atoms. 
       
     
     
         9 . A polymer according to  claim 1 , characterized in that the structure represented by the chemical formula (1) corresponds to the chemical formula (9a) or (9b). 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         (In the formula, R 10w  and R 10x  each represent a hydrogen atom, and R 10y  represents a CH 3  group or a hydrogen atom. At least one of R 10a , R 10b , R 10c , R 10d , R 10e , R 10f  and R 10g  represents SO 2 R 10o  (R 10o  represents OH, a halogen atom, ONa, OK, or OR 10s . R 10s  represents a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group.). Each of R 10a , R 10b , R 10c , R 10d , R 10e  and R 10f , and R 10g  is selected from a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an OH group, an NH 2  group, an NO 2  group, COOR 10p  (R 10p  represents an H atom, an Na atom, or a K atom.), an acetamide group, an OPh group, an NHPh group, a CF 3  group, a C 2 F 5  group, and a C 3 F 7  group. Up to five of R 10a , R 10b , R 10c , R 10d , R 10e  and R 10f  and R 10g  can represent hydrogen atoms.) 
       
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         (In the formula, R 10v  and R 10u  each represent a hydrogen atom, and R 10z  represents a CH 3  group or a hydrogen atom. At least one of R 10h , R 10i , R 10j , R 10k , R 10l , R 10m  and R 10n  represents SO 2 R 10q  (R 10q  represents OH, a halogen atom, ONa, OK, or OR 10t . R 10t  represents a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group.). Each of R 10h , R 10i , R 10j , R 10k , R 10l , R 10m  and R 10n  is selected from a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an OH group, an NH 2  group, an NO 2  group, COOR 10r  (R 10r  represents an H atom, an Na atom, or a K atom.), an acetamide group, an OPh group, an NHPh group, a CF 3  group, a C 2 F 5  group, and a C 3 F 7  group. Up to five of R 10h , R 10i , R 10j , R 10k , R 10l , R 10m  and R 10n  can represent hydrogen atoms.) 
       
     
     
         10 . A polymer according to  claim 6 , wherein the structure represented by the chemical formula (1) corresponds to the chemical formula (10): 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein R 16w  and R 16x  each represent a hydrogen atom, and R 16y  represents a CH 3  group or a hydrogen atom; R 16a  represents OH, a halogen atom, ONa, OK, or OR 16b  where R 16b  represents a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group. 
       
     
     
         11 . A polymer according to  claim 8 , wherein the structure represented by the chemical formula (1) corresponds to the chemical formula (11): 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein R 17w  and R 17x  each represent a hydrogen atom, and R 17y  represents a CH 3  group or a hydrogen atom; R 17a  represents a halogen atom or OR 17b  where R 17b  represents a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group. 
       
     
     
         12 . A polymer according to  claim 6 , wherein the structure represented by the chemical formula (1) corresponds to the chemical formula (12): 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein R 18w  and R 18x  each represent a hydrogen atom, and R 18y  represents a CH 3  group or a hydrogen atom; R 18a  represents OH, a halogen atom, ONa, OK, or OR 18b  where R 18b  represents a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group. 
       
     
     
         13 . A polymer according to  claim 8 , wherein the structure represented by the chemical formula (1) corresponds to the chemical formula (13): 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein R 19w  and R 19x  each represent a hydrogen atom, and R 19y  represents a CH 3  group or a hydrogen atom; R 19a  represents OH, a halogen atom, ONa, OK, or OR 19b  where R 19b  represents a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group. 
       
     
     
         14 . A polymer according to  claim 1 , wherein the structure represented by the chemical formula (1) corresponds to the chemical formula (301) : 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein R represents -A 301 -SO 2 R 301 ; R 301w  and R 301x  each independently represent a halogen atom or a hydrogen atom, and R 301y  represents a CH 3  group, a halogen atom, or a hydrogen atom; at least one of R 301w , R 301x , and R 301y  represents a halogen atom; A 301  represents a substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic hydrocarbon structure, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring structure, or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic structure; R 301  represents OH, a halogen atom, ONa, OK, or OR 301a  where R 301a  represents a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group. 
       
     
     
         15 . A polymer according to any one of  claims 1  to  14 , which further contains at least one unit derived from a vinyl-based monomer represented by chemical formula (108) in addition to the unit represented by the chemical formula (1): 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein R 108w  and R 108x  each independently represent a halogen atom or a hydrogen atom, and R 108y  represents a CH 3  group, a halogen atom, or a hydrogen atom; R 108  represents a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic hydrocarbon structure, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring structure, a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic structure, a halogen atom, —CO—R 108a , —O—R 108b , —COO—R 108c , —OCO—R 108d , —CONR 108e R 108f , —CN, or a ring structure containing an N atom; R 108a , R 108b , R 108c , R 108d , R 108e , and R 108f  each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic hydrocarbon structure, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring structure, or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic structure. 
       
     
     
         16 . A polymer according to any one of  claims 1  to  15 , which has a number average molecular weight of 1,000 to 1,000,000. 
     
     
         17 . A compound represented by chemical formula (617): 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein R represents -A 617 -SO 2 R 617 ; R 617w , R 617x , and R 617y  are selected from combinations described in the following items (i) and (ii); for the item (i), A 617  and R 617  are selected from combinations described in the following items (i-A) to (i-G); for the item (ii), A 617  and R 617  are selected from combinations described in the following item (ii-A): 
         (i) R 617w  and R 617x  each represent a hydrogen atom, and R 617y  represents a CH 3  group or a hydrogen atom; 
         (i-A) A 617  represents a methylene group, an ethylene group, a linear or branched alkylene group having 3 carbon atoms, an alkylene group having 4 carbon atoms selected from the chemical formulae (601), an alkylene group having 5 carbon atoms selected from the chemical formulae (602), a linear or branched alkylene group having 6 to 8 carbon atoms, an unsubstituted aromatic ring structure represented by the chemical formula (604a) or (604b), or an unsubstituted heterocyclic structure; R 617  represents a halogen atom or OR 617a  where R 617a  represents a substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic hydrocarbon structure, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring structure, or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic structure; 
         (i-B) A 617  represents an unsubstituted aromatic ring structure represented by the chemical formula (605); R 617  represents a halogen atom or OR 617a . R 617a  represents a methyl group, a linear or branched alkyl group having 3 to 8 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring structure, or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic structure; 
         (i-C) A 617  represents a branched alkylene group having 4 carbon atoms represented by the chemical formula (606); R 617  represents a halogen atom or OR 617a . R 617a  represents a linear or branched alkyl group having 3 carbon atoms, a branched alkyl group having 4 carbon atoms, a linear or branched alkyl group having 5 to 8 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring structure, or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic structure; 
         (i-D) A 617  represents a branched alkylene group having 4 carbon atoms represented by the chemical formula (607); R 617  represents a halogen atom or OR 617a  where R 617a  represents a linear or branched alkyl group having 2 to 8 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring structure, or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic structure; 
         (i-E) A 617  represents a substituted aromatic ring structure; R 617  represents OH, a halogen atom, ONa, OK, or OR 617a  where R 617a  represents a substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic hydrocarbon structure, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring structure, or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic structure; 
         (i-F) A 617  represents a substituted heterocyclic structure; R 617  represents OH, a halogen atom, ONa, OK, or OR 617a  where R 617a  represents a substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic hydrocarbon structure, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring structure, or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic structure; 
         (i-G) A 617  represents an unsubstituted naphthalene structure; R 617  represents a halogen atom or OR 617a  where R 617a  represents a substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic hydrocarbon structure, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring structure, or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic structure; 
         (ii) R 617w  and R 617x  each independently represent a halogen atom or a hydrogen atom; R 617y  represents a CH 3  group, a halogen atom, or a hydrogen atom. At least one of R 617w , R 617x  and R 617y  represents a halogen atom; 
         (ii-A) A 617  represents a substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic hydrocarbon structure, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring structure, or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic structure; R 617  represents OH, a halogen atom, ONa, OK, or OR 617a  where R 617a  represents a substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic hydrocarbon structure, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring structure, or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic structure; 
       
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
     
     
         18 . A compound according to  claim 17 , wherein the compound represented by the chemical formula (617) has a structure represented by the chemical formula (618): 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein R represents -A 618 -SO 2 R 618 ; R 618w , R 618x , and R 618y  are selected from combinations described in the following items (i) and (ii); for the item (i), A 618  and R 618  are selected from combinations described in the following items (i-A) to (i-D); for the item (ii), A 618  and R 618  are selected from combinations described in the following item (ii-A): 
         (i) R 618w  and R 618x  each represent a hydrogen atom, and R 618y  represents a CH 3  group or a hydrogen atom; 
         (i-A) A 618  represents a methylene group, an ethylene group, a linear or branched alkylene group having 3 carbon atoms, an alkylene group having 4 carbon atoms selected from the chemical formulae (701), an alkylene group having 5 carbon atoms selected from the chemical formulae (702), a linear or branched alkylene group having 6 to 8 carbon atoms, an unsubstituted aromatic ring structure, or an unsubstituted heterocyclic structure; R 618  represents a halogen atom or OR 618a  where R 618a  represents a methyl group, an ethyl group, or a phenyl group; 
         (i-B) A 618  represents a branched alkylene group having 4 carbon atoms represented by the chemical formula (706); R 618  represents a halogen atom or OR 618a  where R 618a  represents a phenyl group. 
         (i-C) A 618  represents a branched alkylene group having 4 carbon atoms represented by the chemical formula (707); R 618  represents a halogen atom, OK, or OR 618a  where R 618a  represents an ethyl group or a phenyl group; 
         (i-D) A 618  represents a substituted aromatic ring structure or a substituted heterocyclic structure; R 618  represents OH, a halogen atom, ONa, OK, or OR 618a  where R 618a  represents a methyl group, an ethyl group, or a phenyl group; 
         (ii) R 618w  and R 618x  each independently represent a halogen atom or a hydrogen atom; R 618y  represents a CH 3  group, a halogen atom, or a hydrogen atom; at least one of R 618w , R 618x , and R 618y  represents a halogen atom; 
         (ii-A) A 618  represents a substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic hydrocarbon structure, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring structure, or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic structure; R 618  represents OH, a halogen atom, ONa, OK, or OR 618a  where R 618a  represents a methyl group, an ethyl group, or a phenyl group; 
       
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
     
     
         19 . A method for producing a polymer having a unit represented by the chemical formula (1), which comprises polymerizing a compound represented by the chemical formula (617): 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein R represents -A 617 -SO 2 R 617 ; R 617w , R 617x , and R 617y  are selected from combinations described in the following items (i) and (ii); for the item (i), A 617  and R 617  are selected from combinations described in the following items (i-A) to (i-G); for the item (ii), A 617  and R 617  are selected from combinations described in the following item (ii-A): 
         (i) R 617w  and R 617x  each represent a hydrogen atom, and R 617y  represents a CH 3  group or a hydrogen atom; 
         (i-A) A 617  represents a methylene group, an ethylene group, a linear or branched alkylene group having 3 carbon atoms, an alkylene group having 4 carbon atoms selected from the chemical formulae (601), an alkylene group having 5 carbon atoms selected from the chemical formulae (602), a linear or branched alkylene group having 6 to 8 carbon atoms, an unsubstituted aromatic ring structure represented by the chemical formula (604a) or (604b), or an unsubstituted heterocyclic structure; R 617  represents a halogen atom or OR 617a  where R 617a  represents a substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic hydrocarbon structure, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring structure, or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic structure; 
         (i-B) A 617  represents an unsubstituted aromatic ring structure represented by the chemical formula (605); R 617  represents a halogen atom or OR 617a  where R 617a  represents a methyl group, a linear or branched alkyl group having 3 to 8 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring structure, or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic structure; 
         (i-C) A 617  represents a branched alkylene group having 4 carbon atoms represented by the chemical formula (606); R 617  represents a halogen atom or OR 617a  where R 617a  represents a linear or branched alkyl group having 3 carbon atoms, a branched alkyl group having 4 carbon atoms, a linear or branched alkyl group having 5 to 8 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring structure, or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic structure; 
         (i-D) A 617  represents a branched alkylene group having 4 carbon atoms represented by the chemical formula (607); R 617  represents a halogen atom or OR 617a  where R 617a  represents a linear or branched alkyl group having 2 to 8 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring structure, or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic structure; 
         (i-E) A 617  represents a substituted aromatic ring structure; R 617  represents OH, a halogen atom, ONa, OK, or OR 617a  where R 617a  represents a substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic hydrocarbon structure, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring structure, or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic structure; 
         (i-F) A 617  represents a substituted heterocyclic structure; R 617  represents OH, a halogen atom, ONa, OK, or OR 617a  where R 617a  represents a substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic hydrocarbon structure, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring structure, or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic structure; 
         (i-G) A 617  represents an unsubstituted naphthalene structure; R 617  represents a halogen atom or OR 617a  where R 617a  represents a substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic hydrocarbon structure, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring structure, or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic structure; 
         (ii) R 617w  and R 617x  each independently represent a halogen atom or a hydrogen atom; R 617y  represents a CH 3  group, a halogen atom, or a hydrogen atom; at least one of R 617w , R 617x , and R 617y  represents a halogen atom; 
         (ii-A) A 617  represents a substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic hydrocarbon structure, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring structure, or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic structure; R 617  represents OH, a halogen atom, ONa, OK, or OR 617a  where R 617a  represents a substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic hydrocarbon structure, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring structure, or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic structure; 
       
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein R represents -A 1 -SO 2 R 1 ; R 1w , R 1x , and R 1y  are selected from combinations described in the following items (i) and (ii); for the item (1), A 1  and R 1  are selected from combinations described in the following items (i-A) to (i-G); 
         for the item (ii), A 1  and R 1  are selected from combinations described in the following item (ii-A): 
         (i) R 1w  and R 1x  each represent a hydrogen atom, and R 1y  represents a CH 3  group or a hydrogen atom; 
         (i-A) A 1  represents a methylene group, an ethylene group, a linear or branched alkylene group having 3 carbon atoms, an alkylene group having 4 carbon atoms selected from the chemical formulae (101), an alkylene group having 5 carbon atoms selected from the chemical formulae (402), a linear or branched alkylene group having 6 to 8 carbon atoms, an unsubstituted aromatic ring structure represented by the chemical formula (104a) or (104b), or an unsubstituted heterocyclic structure; R 1  represents a halogen atom or OR 1a  where R 1a  represents a substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic hydrocarbon structure, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring structure, or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic structure; 
         (i-B) A 1  represents an unsubstituted aromatic ring structure represented by the chemical formula (105); R 1  represents a halogen atom or OR 1a  where R 1a  represents a methyl group, a linear or branched alkyl group having 3 to 8 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring structure, or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic structure; 
         (i-C) A 1  represents a branched alkylene group having 4 carbon atoms represented by the chemical formula (106); R 1  represents a halogen atom or OR 1a  where R 1a  represents a linear or branched alkyl group having 3 carbon atoms, a branched alkyl group having 4 carbon atoms, a linear or branched alkyl group having 5 to 8 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring structure, or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic structure; 
         (i-D) A 1  represents a branched alkylene group having 4 carbon atoms represented by the chemical formula (107); R 1  represents a halogen atom or OR 1a  where R 1a  represents a linear or branched alkyl group having 2 to 8 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring structure, or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic structure; 
         (i-E) A 1  represents a substituted aromatic ring structure; R 1  represents OH, a halogen atom, ONa, OK, or OR 1a  where R 1a  represents a substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic hydrocarbon structure, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring structure, or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic structure; 
         (i-F) A 1  represents a substituted heterocyclic structure; R 1  represents OH, a halogen atom, ONa, OK, or OR 1a  where R 1a  represents a substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic hydrocarbon structure, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring structure, or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic structure; 
         (i-G) A 1  represents an unsubstituted naphthalene structure; R 1  represents a halogen atom or OR 1a  where R 1a  represents a substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic hydrocarbon structure, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring structure, or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic structure; 
         (ii) R 1w  and R 1x  each independently represent a halogen atom or a hydrogen atom; R 1y  represents a CH 3  group, a halogen atom, or a hydrogen atom; at least one of R 1w , R 1x , and R 1y  represents a halogen atom; 
         (ii-A) A 1  represents a substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic hydrocarbon structure, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring structure, or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic structure; R 1  represents OH, a halogen atom, ONa, OK, or OR 1a  where R 1a  represents a substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic hydrocarbon structure, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring structure, or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic structure; 
       
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
     
     
         20 . A method of producing a polymer having a unit represented by chemical formula (16), which comprises subjecting a polymer having a unit represented by the chemical formula (14) and at least one kind of amine compound represented by chemical formula (15) to condensation reaction: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein R 20w  and R 20x  each independently represent a halogen atom or a hydrogen atom; R 20y  represents a CH 3  group, a halogen atom, or a hydrogen atom; R 20  represents an H atom, an Na atom, or a K atom;
   H 2 N- A 21 -SO 2 R 21    (15) 
 
         wherein R 21  represents OH, a halogen atom, ONa, OK, or OR 21a ; A 21  and R 21a  each independently represent a substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic hydrocarbon structure, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring structure, or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic structure; 
       
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein R represents -A 22 -SO 2 R 22 ; R 22w  and R 22x  each independently represent a halogen atom or a hydrogen atom; R 22y  represents a CH 3  group, a halogen atom, or a hydrogen atom; R 22  represents OH, a halogen atom, ONa, OK, or OR 22a ; A 22  and R 22a  each independently represent a substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic hydrocarbon structure, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring structure, or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic structure. 
       
     
     
         21 . A method of producing a polymer according to  claim 20 , wherein a condensation agent is used to form an amide bond in an identical reaction field. 
     
     
         22 . A method of producing a polymer according to  claim 21 , wherein the condensation agent is a phosphoric acid-based condensation agent. 
     
     
         23 . A method of producing a polymer according to  claim 22 , wherein the condensation agent is selected from the group consisting of a phosphite-based condensation agent, a phosphorus chloride-based condensation agent, a phosphoric anhydride-based condensation agent, a phosphate-based condensation agent, and a phosphoric amide-based condensation agent. 
     
     
         24 . A method of producing a polymer according to any one of  claims 20  to  23 , wherein condensation reaction is performed in the presence of pyridine. 
     
     
         25 . A method of producing a polymer having a unit represented by chemical formula (18), which comprises esterifying a polymer having a unit represented by the chemical formula (17) by using an esterifying agent: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein R represents -A 23 -SO 2 R 23 ; R 23w  and R 23x  each independently represent a halogen atom or a hydrogen atom; R 23y  represents a CH 3  group, a halogen atom, or a hydrogen atom; R 23  represents OH, a halogen atom, ONa, or OK; A 23  represents a substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic hydrocarbon structure, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring structure, or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic structure; 
       
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein R represents -A 24 -SO 3 R 24 ; R 24w  and R 24x  each independently represent a halogen atom or a hydrogen atom; R 24y  represents a CH 3  group, a halogen atom, or a hydrogen atom; A 24  and R 24  each independently represent a substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic hydrocarbon structure, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring structure, or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic structure. 
       
     
     
         26 . A method of producing a polymer according to  claim 25 , wherein trimethylsilyldiazomethane or trimethyl orthoformate is used as the esterifying agent. 
     
     
         27 . A method of producing a polymer according to  claim 25 , wherein triethyl orthoformate is used as the esterifying agent. 
     
     
         28 . A charge control agent for controlling a charged state of powder, which contains a polymer having a unit having a structure represented by the chemical formula (19): 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein R represents -A 25 -SO 2 R 25 ; R 25w , R 25x , and R 25y  are selected from combinations described in the following items (i) and (ii); for the item (i), A 25  and R 25  are selected from combinations described in the following items (i-A) and (i-B); for the item (ii), A 25  and R 25  are selected from combinations described in the following item (ii-A): 
         (i) R 25w  and R 25x  each represent a hydrogen atom, and R 25y  represents a CH 3  group or a hydrogen atom; 
         (i-A) A 25  represents a substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic hydrocarbon structure; R 25  represents a halogen atom or OR 25a  where R 25a  represents a substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic hydrocarbon structure, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring structure, or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic structure; 
         (i-B) A 25  represents a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring structure, or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic structure; R 25  represents OH, a halogen atom, ONa, OK, or OR 25a  where R 25a  represents a substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic hydrocarbon structure, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring structure, or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic structure; 
         (ii) R 25w  and R 25x  each independently represent a halogen atom or a hydrogen atom; R 25y  represents a CH 3  group, a halogen atom, or a hydrogen atom; at least one of R 25w , R 25x  and R 25y  represents a halogen atom; 
         (ii-A) A 25  represents a substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic hydrocarbon structure, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring structure, or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic structure; R 25  represents OH, a halogen atom, ONa, OK, or OR 25a  where R 25a  represents a substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic hydrocarbon structure, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring structure, or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic structure. 
       
     
     
         29 . A charge control agent for controlling a charged state of powder, which contains at least one kind of polymer according to any one of  claims 1  to  16 . 
     
     
         30 . A charge control agent according to  claim 28  wherein the powder is toner for developing an electrostatic charge image. 
     
     
         31 . A toner for developing an electrostatic charge image, which contains at least:
 a binder resin;   a colorant; and   the charge control agent according to  claim 28 .   
     
     
         32 . An image forming method, comprising at least the steps of:
 externally applying a voltage to a charging member to charge an electrostatic latent image-bearing member;   forming an electrostatic charge image on the charged electrostatic latent image-bearing member;   developing the electrostatic charge image with toner for developing an electrostatic charge image to form a toner image on the electrostatic latent image-bearing member;   transferring the toner image on the electrostatic latent image-bearing member onto a recording material; and   fixing the toner image on the recording material under heating, wherein the toner for developing an electrostatic charge image according to  claim 31  is used.   
     
     
         33 . An image forming apparatus, comprising at least:
 means for externally applying a voltage from an outside to a charging member to charge an electrostatic latent image-bearing member;   means for forming an electrostatic charge image on the charged electrostatic latent image-bearing member;   means for developing the electrostatic charge image with toner for developing an electrostatic charge image to form a toner image on the electrostatic latent image-bearing member;   means for transferring the toner image on the electrostatic latent image-bearing member onto a recording material; and   means for fixing the toner image on the recording material under heating, wherein the toner for developing an electrostatic charge image according to  claim 31  is used.