Systems, Devices, and/or Methods Regarding Specific Precursors or Tube Control Agent for the Synthesis of Carbon Nanofiber and Nanotube

Abstract

Certain exemplary embodiments can comprise, via a tube control agent (TCA) and a metallic catalyst, producing a carbon nanotube. At least some carbon used to form the carbon nanotube can be obtained from a plant, a cellulose product, and/or a cellulosic product. At least some of the carbon can be converted into powder.

1 . A method comprising a plurality of activities, comprising:
 via a carbon nanotube, a carbon nano fiber, or functionalized nano carbon fabricating an item comprising:
 components adapted for use as armor or a covering that at least partially resists penetration by a projectile, radiation, chemical agents, or biological agents; 
 thin film prepared by the solvent evaporation of the foregoing 
 adhesive surfaces; 
 apparel, footwear, or fabrics adapted for use as a tarp, weather-resistant covering, or sail; 
 substrates adapted for acoustic, infrared, ultraviolet, or other electromagnetic radiation detection; 
 substrates adapted to form tires, railroad bogies, friction control, or vibration control devices; 
 load-bearing lines adapted for use in parachutes, draglines, cargo containers, netting, or connecting lines; 
 moorings adapted for land-based, aquatic, aerial, or outer space applications; 
 structures adapted for load-bearing or retention applications in construction, including buildings, scaffolds, marine vessel hulls, components, or fittings; 
 construction materials adapted for use in structures; 
 metallic alloys adapted for use in structures, said metallic alloys comprising nano carbon structures and at least one metal; 
 ceramic composites adapted for use in structures, said ceramic composites comprising nano carbon structures and at least one ceramic material; 
 a structure comprising a heat resistant composite adapted to resist thermal decomposition to at least 1500 degrees Celsius; 
 superconductor composites adapted for use in structures, said superconductor composites prepared at temperature higher than 1500 degrees Celsius, said superconductor composites comprising nano carbon structures and at least one superconducting material; 
 high temperature composites adapted for use in structures; 
 aircraft or aerospace fuselages or structures, or land-based vehicle components, including body parts, engine components, or brake linings; 
 rotation parts adapted for use in at least one of: 
 vehicles; 
 transportation devices, 
 rotating equipment; or 
 rotating tools; 
 bearings; 
 composites adapted for use in paints adapted to resist scratches and wear caused by an impact or collision; 
 colorants adapted for use in ceramic coloration process, processing at high heat condition; 
 composites adapted for use in brick; 
 composites adapted for use in biomechanical devices; surgical implants; tissue-engineering structures including bone, tendon, muscle, nerve, skin implants or surrogates; wound-healing structures, or molecular capture devices adapted for timed drug delivery; 
 nano-cantilevers adapted for biosensing, cell growth, or orthopedic, vascular, or neural prostheses; 
 filters, barriers, or wipes; 
 sheets, substrates, nanowires, ultrathin films, or photon detectors adapted for conducting electricity or acting as batteries, membrane fuel cells, supercapacitors, superconductors, electromagnetic or electro-optical actuators, or microelectromechanical devices; 
 sheets or structures with variable optical properties; 
 sheets adapted for use as heat conductors, heat sinks, building and reinforcing material, automotive, marine, or aviation or aerospace panels; 
 tubular or I-beam cross sectional items adapted for use as conduits or structural members; or 
 an electron source adapted for use in:
 electron microscopy; 
 field emission lighting; 
 x-ray source; 
 space propulsion; 
 traveling wave tube amplifiers; 
 air remediation; 
 water remediation; or 
 cold field emission; 
 
   said carbon nanotube produced via a tube control agent (TCA) and a metallic catalyst, at least some carbon used to form said carbon nanotube obtained from starch, a bean bearing plant, cloth, wood, a plant, cellulose or a cellulosic product; said at least some carbon converted into powder by at least one of: mechanical milling, biochemical reaction, and chemical reaction.   
     
     
         2 . The method of  claim 1 , further comprising:
 via a process utilizing said TCA and said metal catalyst, controlling a length and diameter of said, carbon nanotube, said carbon nano fiber, or said functionalized nano carbon.   
     
     
         3 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein:
 said at least some carbon used to form said carbon nanotube is obtained from starch.   
     
     
         4 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein:
 said at least some carbon used to form said carbon nanotube is obtained from said bean bearing plant.   
     
     
         5 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein:
 said at least some carbon used to form said carbon nanotube is obtained from cloth.   
     
     
         6 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein:
 said at least some carbon used to form said carbon nanotube is obtained from wood.   
     
     
         7 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein:
 said at least some carbon used to form said carbon nanotube is obtained from said plant.   
     
     
         8 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein:
 said at least some carbon used to form said carbon nanotube is obtained from cellulose.   
     
     
         9 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein:
 said at least some carbon used to form said carbon nanotube is obtained from said cellulosic product.   
     
     
         10 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein:
 said TCA comprises a unit having a structure formula:   
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       in which each of R 1 , R 2 , and R 3  is selected from hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxy, alkylenyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylenyl, aryl, with or without hetero atoms, with or without substituent groups including —OH, —SH, —NO 2 , —CN, —NR 4 R 5 , —NR 6 H, —NH 2 , —COOH, —CO, —COOR S , —O—, —CHO, —S—, —SO3H, —SO2, —SOCl 2 , halogen (—Cl, —Br, —I, —F), —N═N—, —PR 8 R 9 , or—COCl. 
     
     
         11 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein:
 said TCA comprises a unit having a structure formula:   
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       in which each of R 1  and R 2  is selected from hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxy, alkylenyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylenyl, aryl, with or without hetero atoms, with or without substituent groups including —OH, —SH, —NO 2 , —CN, —NR 3 R 4 , —NR 5 H, —NH 2 , —COOH, —CO, —COOR 6 , —O—, —CHO, —S—, —SO3H, —SO2, —SOCl 2 , halogen (—Cl, —Br, —I, —F), —N═N—, —PR 7 R 8 , or —COCl. 
     
     
         12 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein:
 said TCA comprises a unit having a structure formula:   
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       in which R 1  is selected from hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxy, alkylenyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylenyl, aryl, with or without hetero atoms, with or without substituent groups including —OH, —SH, —NO 2 , —CN, —NR 2 R 3 , —NR 4 H, —NH 2 , —COOH, —CO, —COOR 5 , —O—, —CHO, —S—, —SO3H, —SO2, —SOCl 2 , halogen (—Cl, —Br, —I, —F), —N═N—, —PR 6 R 7 , or —COCl. 
     
     
         13 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein:
 said TCA comprises a unit having a structure formula:   
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       in which said formula comprises a 3 member ring, 4 member ring, 5 member ring, 6 member ring, 7 member ring, or  8  member ring having substituent groups including hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxy, alkylenyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylenyl, or aryl, with or without hetero atoms, with or without substituent groups including —OH, —SH, —NO 2 , —CN, —NR 1 R 2 , —NR 3 H, —NH 2 , —COOH, —CO, —COOR 4 , —O—, —CHO, —S—, —SO3H, —SO2, —SOCl 2 , halogen (—Cl, —Br, —I, —F), —N═N—, —PR 5 R 6 , —COCl, wherein member rings are saturated and unsaturated with a value of n between 1 and 6; said member rings comprising benzene, napthalene, anthracene, perylene, or perinone. 
     
     
         14 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein:
 at least some carbon used to form said carbon nanotube is obtained from an additive, said additive having a structure formula:   
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       in which each of R 1 , R 2 , and R 3  is selected from hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxy, alkylenyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylenyl, aryl, with or without hetero atoms, with or without substituent groups including —OH, —SH, —NO 2 , —CN, —NR 4 R 5 , —NR 6 H, —NH 2 , —COOH, —CO, —COOR S , —O—, —CHO, —S—, —SO3H, —SO2, —SOCl 2 , halogen (—Cl, —Br, —I, —F), —N═N—, —PR 8 R 9 , or —COCl. 
     
     
         15 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein:
 at least some carbon used to form said carbon nanotube is obtained from an additive, said additive having a structure formula:   
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       in which R is selected from hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxy, alkylenyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylenyl, aryl, with or without hetero atoms, with or without substituent groups including —OH, —SH, —NO 2 , —CN, —NR 2 R 3 , —NR 4 H, —NH 2 , —COOH, —CO, —COOR 5 , —O—, —CHO, —S—, —SO3H, —SO2, —SOCl 2 , halogen (—Cl, —Br, —I, —F), —N═N—, —PR 6 R 7 , or —COCl. 
     
     
         16 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein:
 at least some carbon used to form said carbon nanotube is obtained from an additive, said additive having a structure formula:   
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       in which each of R 1  and R 2  is selected from hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxy, alkylenyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylenyl, aryl, with or without hetero atoms, with or without substituent groups including —OH, —SH, —NO 2 , —CN, —NR 3 R 4 , —NR 5 H, —NH 2 , —COOH, —CO, —COOR 6 , —O—, —CHO, —S—, —SO3H, —SO2, —SOCl 2 , halogen (—Cl, —Br, —I, —F), —N═N—, —PR 7 R 8 , or —COCl. 
     
     
         17 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein:
 at least some carbon used to form said carbon nanotube is obtained from an additive, said additive having a structure formula:   
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       in which each of R 1 , R 2 , and R 3  is selected from hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxy, alkylenyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylenyl, aryl, with or without hetero atoms, with or without substituent groups including —OH, —SH, —NO 2 , —CN, —NR 4 R 5 , —NR 6 H, —NH 2 , —COOH, —CO, —COOR S , —O—, —CHO, —S—, —SO3H, —SO2, —SOCl 2 , halogen Cl, —Br, —I, —F), —PR 8 R 9 , or —COCl. 
     
     
         18 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein:
 at least some carbon used to form said carbon nanotube is obtained from an additive, said additive having a structure formula:   
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       in which each of R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , and R 5 , is selected from hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxy, alkylenyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylenyl, aryl, with or without hetero atoms, with or without substituent groups including —OH, —SH, —NO 2 , —CN, —NR 6 R 7 , —NR 8 H, —NH 2 , —COOH, —CO, —COOR S , —O—, —CHO, —S—, —SO3H, —SO2, —SOCl 2 , halogen (—Cl, —Br, —I, —F), —N═N—, —PR 10 R 11 , or —COCl. 
     
     
         19 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein:
 at least some carbon used to form said carbon nanotube is obtained from an additive, said additive having a structure formula:   
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       in which each of R 1 , R 2 , and R 3  is selected from hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxy, alkylenyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylenyl, aryl, with or without hetero atoms, with or without substituent groups including —OH, —SH, —NO 2 , —CN, —NR 4 R 5 , —NR 6 H, —NH 2 , —COOH, —CO, —COOR S , —O—, —CHO, —S—, —SO3H, —SO2, —SOCl 2 , halogen (—Cl, —Br, —I, —F), —N═N—, —PR 8 R 9 , or —COCl. 
     
     
         20 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein:
 at least some carbon used to form said carbon nanotube is obtained from an additive, said additive having a structure formula:   
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       in which each of R 1 , R 2 , and R 3  is selected from hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxy, alkylenyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylenyl, aryl, with or without hetero atoms, with or without substituent groups including —OH, —SH, —NO 2 , —CN, —NR 4 R 5 , —NR 6 H, —NH 2 , —COOH, —CO, —COOR 7 , —O—, —CHO, —S—, —SO3H, —SO2, —SOCl 2 , halogen (—Cl, —Br, —I, —F), —N═N—, —PR 8 R 9 , or —COCl. 
     
     
         21 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein:
 at least some carbon used to form said carbon nanotube is obtained from an additive, said additive having a structure formula:   
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       in which each of R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 , is selected from hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxy, alkylenyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylenyl, aryl, with or without hetero atoms, with or without substituent groups including —OH, —SH, —NO 2 , —CN, —NR 5 R 6 , —NRH, —NH 2 , —COOH, —CO, —COOR S , —O—, —CHO, —S—, —SO3H, —SO2, —SOCl 2 , halogen (—Cl, —Br, —I, —F), —N═N—, —PR 9 R 10 , or —COCl. 
     
     
         22 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein:
 at least some carbon used to form said carbon nanotube is obtained from an additive, said additive having a structure formula:   
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       in which each of R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , and R 6  is selected from hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxy, alkylenyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylenyl, aryl, with or without hetero atoms, with or without substituent groups including —OH, —SH, —NO 2 , —CN, —NR 7 R 8 , —NR 9 H, —NH 2 , —COOH, —CO, —COOR 10 , —O—, —CHO, —S—, —SO3H, —SO2, —SOCl 2 , halogen (—Cl, —Br, —I, —F), —N═N—, —PR 11 R 12 , or —COCl. 
     
     
         23 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein:
 at least some carbon used to form said carbon nanotube is obtained from an additive, said additive having a structure formula:   
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       in which each of R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , and R 5 , is selected from hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxy, alkylenyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylenyl, aryl, with or without hetero atoms, with or without substituent groups including —OH, —SH, —NO 2 , —CN, —NR 6 R 7 , —NR 8 H, —NH 2 , —COOH, —CO, —COOR S , —O—, —CHO, —S—, —SO3H, —SO2, —SOCl 2 , halogen (—Cl, —Br, —I, —F), —N═N—, —PR 10 R 11 , or —COCl. 
     
     
         24 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein:
 at least some carbon used to form said carbon nanotube is obtained from an additive, said additive having a structure formula:   
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       in which each of R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , and R 6  is selected from hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxy, alkylenyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylenyl, aryl, with or without hetero atoms, with or without substituent groups including —OH, —SH, —NO 2 , —CN, —NR 7 R 8 , —NR 9 H, —NH 2 , —COOH, —CO, —COOR 10 , —O—, —CHO, —S—, —SO3H, —SO2, —SOCl 2 , halogen (—Cl, —Br, —I, —F), —N═N—, —PR 11 R 12 , or —COCl. 
     
     
         25 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein:
 at least some carbon used to form said carbon nanotube is obtained from an additive, said additive having a structure formula:   
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       in which each of R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 , is selected from hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxy, alkylenyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylenyl, aryl, with or without hetero atoms, with or without substituent groups including —OH, —SH, —NO 2 , —CN, —NR 5 R 6 , —NRH, —NH 2 , —COOH, —CO, —COOR S , —O—, —CHO, —S—, —SO3H, —SO2, —SOCl 2 , halogen (—Cl, —Br, —I, —F), —N═N—, —PR 9 R 10 , or —COCl. 
     
     
         26 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein:
 at least some carbon used to form said carbon nanotube is obtained from an additive, said additive having a structure formula:   
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       in which each of R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , and R 6  is selected from hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxy, alkylenyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylenyl, aryl, with or without hetero atoms, with or without substituent groups including —OH, —SH, —NO 2 , —CN, —NR 7 R 8 , —NR 9 H, —NH 2 , —COOH, —CO, —COOR 10 , —O—, —CHO, —S—, —SO3H, —SO2, —SOCl 2 , halogen (—Cl, —Br, —I, —F), —PR 11 R 12 , or —COCl. 
     
     
         27 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein:
 at least some carbon used to form said carbon nanotube is obtained from an additive, said additive having a structure formula:   
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       in which each of R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , and R 6  is selected from hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxy, alkylenyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylenyl, aryl, with or without hetero atoms, with or without substituent groups including —OH, —SH, —NO 2 , —CN, —NR 7 R 8 , —NR 9 H, —NH 2 , —COOH, —CO, —COOR 10 , —O—, —CHO, —S—, —SO3H, —SO2, —SOCl 2 , halogen (—Cl, —Br, —I, —F), or —COCl. 
     
     
         28 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein:
 at least some carbon used to form said carbon nanotube is obtained from an additive, said additive having a structure formula:   
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       in which each of R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 , and R 9  is selected from hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxy, alkylenyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylenyl, aryl, with or without hetero atoms, with or without substituent groups including —OH, —SH, —NO 2 , —CN, —NR 10 R 11 , —NR 12 H, —NH 2 , —COOH, —CO, —COOR 13 , —O—, —CHO, —S—, —SO3H, —SO2, —SOCl 2 , halogen (—Cl, —Br, —I, —F), —N═N—, —PR 14 R 15 , or —COCl. 
     
     
         29 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein:
 said metallic catalyst is a metal salt.   
     
     
         30 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein:
 said metallic catalyst is an organometallic compound.   
     
     
         31 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein:
 at least some carbon used to form said carbon nanotube is obtained from animal fatty acids.   
     
     
         32 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein:
 at least some carbon used to form said carbon nanotube is obtained from plant oils.   
     
     
         33 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein:
 said carbon nanotube is characterized by Bragg diffraction pattern peaks appearing at 2 theta (2θ) of approximately 26°, 43.5°.   
     
     
         34 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein:
 said carbon nanotube is characterized by Bragg diffraction pattern peaks appearing  2  theta (2θ) of approximately 44.5°, 51.6°.   
     
     
         35 . A method comprising a plurality of activities, comprising:
 via a carbon nanotube, fabricating a composite adapted for use in biomechanical devices; surgical implants; tissue-engineering structures including bone, tendon, muscle, nerve, skin implants or surrogates; wound-healing structures, or molecular capture devices adapted for timed drug delivery, said carbon nanotube produced via a tube control agent (TCA) and a metallic catalyst, at least some carbon used to form said carbon nanotube obtained from starch, bean, cloth, wood, plant, cellulose or cellulosic products, said at least some carbon converted into powder by at least one of: mechanical milling, biochemical reaction, and chemical reaction.   
     
     
         36 . A method comprising a plurality of activities, comprising:
 via a carbon nanotube, fabricating a composite adapted for use in a rotation part, said carbon nanotube produced via a tube control agent (TCA) and a metallic catalyst, at least some carbon used to form said carbon nanotube obtained from starch, bean, cloth, wood, plant, cellulose or cellulosic products, said at least some carbon converted into powder by at least one of: mechanical milling, biochemical reaction, and chemical reaction.