Planar antenna and method of manufacturing the same

Abstract

Disclosed is an aqueous dispersion containing polysaccharide particulate gels, which is characterized by containing particulate gels substantially composed of a polysaccharide. The aqueous dispersion containing polysaccharide particulate gels is also characterized in that shapes of the particulate gels are maintained even after the particulate gels are heated for 30 minutes at 95° C. in an aqueous medium. Namely, disclosed is an aqueous dispersion containing polysaccharide particulate gels, wherein the particulate gels are composed of a polysaccharide and have shapes that can be maintained even after 30-minute heating in an aqueous medium of 95° C.

1 . An aqueous dispersion comprising a polysaccharide particulate gel, wherein the shape of the particulate gel is maintained after the particulate gel has been heated for 30 minutes in an aqueous medium of 95° C. 
     
     
         2 . The aqueous dispersion comprising a polysaccharide particulate gel according to  claim 1 , wherein the particulate gel that has been irradiated with ionizing radiation in an aqueous medium. 
     
     
         3 . The aqueous dispersion comprising a polysaccharide particulate gel according to  claim 1 , wherein the particulate gel is 500 μm or smaller in particle diameter. 
     
     
         4 . The aqueous dispersion comprising a polysaccharide particulate gel according to  claim 2 , wherein the ionizing radiation is comprises γ rays or electron rays. 
     
     
         5 . A method for producing an aqueous dispersion comprising a polysaccharide particulate gel, comprising:
 heating a polysaccharide in an aqueous medium to or above a gel transition temperature of the polysaccharide, thereby dissolving the polysaccharide in the aqueous medium,   cooling the polysaccharide dissolved in the aqueous medium to or below the gel transition temperature while applying an external force, thereby making the polysaccharide into a particulate gel, and   irradiating the particulate gel in the aqueous medium with ionizing radiation, thereby obtaining the aqueous dispersion comprising the polysaccharide particulate gel.   
     
     
         6 . The production method according to  claim 5 , wherein the ionizing radiation comprises γ rays or electron rays. 
     
     
         7 . A humectant comprising an aqueous dispersion comprising a polysaccharide particulate gel, wherein the shape of the particulate gel is maintained after the particulate gel has been heated for 30 minutes in an aqueous medium of 95° C., the content of the particulate gel is 0.01 to 5% by weight of humectant, and the average particle diameter of the particulate gel is 1 to 200 μm. 
     
     
         8 . The humectant comprising a polysaccharide particulate gel according to  claim 7 , further comprising glycerine and/or an alkyl parahydroxybenzoate having an alkyl group having one or two carbon atoms. 
     
     
         9 . An ophthalmic composition comprising a polysaccharide particulate gel, wherein the composition comprises an aqueous dispersion comprising a polysaccharide particulate gel according to, wherein the shape of the particulate gel is maintained after the particulate gel has been heated for 30 minutes in an aqueous medium of 95° C., the content of the particulate gel is 0.0001 to 1% by weight of humectant, and the average particle diameter of the particulate gel is 0.1 to 100 μm. 
     
     
         10 . An ophthalmic solution comprising the ophthalmic composition comprising a polysaccharide particulate gel according to  claim 9 . 
     
     
         11 . The aqueous dispersion comprising a polysaccharide particulate gel according to  claim 1 , wherein the polysaccharide particulate gel comprises a polysaccharide. 
     
     
         12 . The aqueous dispersion comprising a polysaccharide particulate gel according to  claim 11 , wherein the polysaccharide is selected from the group consisting of agar, agarose, agaropectin, starch, amylose, amylopectin, isolichenan, laminaran, lichenan, glucan, inulin, levan, fructan, galactan, mannan, xylan, arabinan, pentozan, alginic acid, pectinic acid, fucoidan, ascophyllan, carrageenan, pectin, locust bean gum, guar gum, tara gum, arabic gum, and combinations thereof.