Aviation-grade kerosene from independently produced blendstocks

Abstract

Aviation-grade kerosene comprising a first blendstock derived from non-petroleum feedstock and comprising primarily hydrocarbons selected from the group consisting of isoparaffins and normal paraffins, and a second blendstock comprising primarily hydrocarbons selected from the group consisting of cycloalkanes and aromatics.

1 . Aviation-grade kerosene comprising:
 a first blendstock derived from non-petroleum feedstock and comprising primarily hydrocarbons selected from the group consisting of isoparaffins and normal paraffins; and   a second blendstock comprising primarily hydrocarbons selected from the group consisting of cycloalkanes and aromatics.   
     
     
         2 . The aviation-grade kerosene of  claim 1  wherein the second blendstock is derived from feedstock comprising non-petroleum feedstock. 
     
     
         3 . The aviation-grade kerosene of  claim 1  that is capable of being blended with petroleum-derived jet fuel in any proportion such that the resulting blend meets fuel grade specification of the petroleum-derived jet fuel. 
     
     
         4 . The aviation-grade kerosene of  claim 3  comprising up to 95 volume percent of first blendstock and up to 35 volume percent of second blendstock. 
     
     
         5 . The aviation-grade kerosene of  claim 4 , comprising up to 95 volume percent first blendstock, from about 0 volume percent to about 30 volume percent cycloalkanes, and from about 0 volume percent to about 15 volume percent aromatics. 
     
     
         6 . The aviation-grade kerosene as in  claim 5  wherein fit-for-purpose requirements are met. 
     
     
         7 . The aviation-grade kerosene of  claim 6  wherein at least 50 weight percent of the kerosene is derived from coal, natural gas, or a combination thereof. 
     
     
         8 . The aviation-grade kerosene of  claim 6  wherein the second blendstock is derived from coal, biomass, oil-shale, tar, oil sands, or a combination thereof. 
     
     
         9 . The aviation-grade kerosene of  claim 6  wherein at least 50 weight percent of the kerosene is derived from biomass. 
     
     
         10 . The aviation-grade kerosene of  claim 1  wherein at least 10 weight percent of the kerosene is derived from non-cracked bio-oil. 
     
     
         11 . The aviation-grade kerosene of  claim 1  having a specific density in the range of from about 0.775 g/mL to about 0.84 g/mL. 
     
     
         12 . The aviation-grade kerosene of  claim 11  having a freeze point below −47° C. 
     
     
         13 . The aviation-grade kerosene of  claim 12  having a flash point of greater than 38° C. 
     
     
         14 . The aviation-grade kerosene of  claim 1  having a cetane number of greater than about 70. 
     
     
         15 . The aviation-grade kerosene of  claim 1  wherein the non-petroleum feedstock is selected from the group consisting of coal, natural gas, biomass, vegetable oils, biomass pyrolysis bio-oils, biologically-derived oils and combinations thereof. 
     
     
         16 . The aviation-grade kerosene of  claim 1  wherein the non-petroleum feedstock comprises at least one component selected from the group consisting of triglycerides and fatty acids. 
     
     
         17 . The aviation-grade kerosene of  claim 16  comprising from about 65 volume percent to about 95 volume percent first blendstock. 
     
     
         18 . The aviation-grade kerosene of  claim 17  wherein the second blendstock comprises pyrolysis products derived from pyrolysis of a second feedstock comprising at least one component selected from the group consisting of high-cycloalkane content oil shales and oil sands. 
     
     
         19 . The aviation-grade kerosene of  claim 17  wherein the non-petroleum feedstock comprises at least one component selected from the group consisting of triglycerides and fatty acids and wherein at least a portion of the second blendstock is produced by subjecting a portion of the non-petroleum feedstock to cyclization, reforming, or both. 
     
     
         20 . The aviation-grade kerosene of  claim 19  wherein the kerosene comprises about 65 volume percent first blendstock and about 35 volume percent second blendstock. 
     
     
         21 . The aviation-grade kerosene of  claim 1  wherein the non-petroleum feedstock comprises at least one component selected from the group consisting of natural gas, coal, and biomass and wherein the first blendstock comprises at least one Fischer-Tropsch conversion product thereof. 
     
     
         22 . The aviation-grade kerosene of  claim 1  wherein the second blendstock comprises at least one product of pyrolysis of a feedstock selected from the group consisting of coal, oil shale, oil sands, tar, biomass and combinations thereof. 
     
     
         23 . The aviation-grade kerosene of  claim 1  wherein the second blendstock comprises at least one product of pyrolysis of biomass-derived lignin. 
     
     
         24 . The aviation-grade kerosene of  claim 23  comprising from about 15 volume percent to about 30 volume percent of the second blendstock. 
     
     
         25 . The aviation-grade kerosene of  claim 23  wherein the first blendstock comprises at least one catalytic processing product of a component selected from the group consisting of triglycerides and fatty acids. 
     
     
         26 . The aviation-grade kerosene of  claim 23  wherein the non-petroleum feedstock comprises at least one component selected from the group consisting of natural gas, coal and biomass and wherein the first blendstock comprises at least one Fischer-Tropsch conversion product thereof. 
     
     
         27 . The aviation-grade kerosene of  claim 1  comprising about 95 volume percent of the first blendstock and about 5 volume percent of the second blendstock, wherein the second blendstock comprises primarily high density, low freeze point aromatics. 
     
     
         28 . The aviation-grade kerosene of  claim 1  comprising at least 50 weight percent of hydrocarbons selected from cycloalkanes and aromatics, said hydrocarbons derived from coal, biomass, or a combination thereof.