Fish protein hydrolysate having a bone-stimulating and maintaining activity, nutraceutical and pharmacological compositions comprising such a hydrolysate and method for obtaining same

Abstract

The present invention relates to a fish protein hydrolysate having a biological activity of interest, in particular an effect on the stimulation and maintenance of bone. The fish protein hydrolysate is characterized in that it is obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis of at least one protein source selected from the fish species Micromesistius poutassou, Clupea harengus, Scomber scombrus, Sardina pilchardus, Trisopterus esmarki, Trachurus spp, Gadus morhua, Pollachius virens, Melanogrammus aeglefinus and Coryphaenoides rupestris , and the species of fish belonging to the order Siluriformes, said enzymatic hydrolysis being carried out by means of an endopeptidase enzyme derived from Bacillus subtilis . The protein hydrolysate according to the invention makes it possible to maintain the bone mass or to stimulate bone growth through stimulation of osteoblast cell growth and inhibition of osteoclast cell growth.

1 . Fish protein hydrolysate characterised in that it is obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis of at least one source of proteins chosen from the group composed of the fish  Micromesistius poutassou, Clupea harengus, Scomber scombrus, Sardina pilchardus, Trisopterus esmarki, Tracharus  spp,  Gadus morhua, Pollachius virens, Melanogrammus aeglefinus, Coryphaenoides rupestris , and fish species belonging to the order Siluriformes, the said enzymatic hydrolysis being carried out by means of an endopeptidase enzyme derived from  Bacillus subtilis  and in that it has:
 the following molecular profile distribution: from 33% to 39% molecules with a molecular weight of less than 300 Da, from 34% to 37% molecules the molecular weight of which is between 300 and 1000 Da, from 21% to 24% molecules the molecular weight of which is between 1000 and 3000 Da, from 3% to 4% molecules the molecular weight of which is between 3000 and 5000 Da and 1% to 2% molecules the molecular weight of which is between 5000 and 10000 Da,   a lipid content of less than 1% as a percentage of raw product,   a glucid content of less than 4% as a percentage of raw product,   a protein content of more than 80% as a percentage of raw product,   a mineral matter content of between 5% and 10% as a percentage of raw product.   
     
     
         2 . Fish protein hydrolysate according to  claim 1 , characterised in that it has the following amino acid composition: Glutamic acid 16.9%, Aspartic acid 11.7%, Lysine 10%, Leucine 8.2%, Arginine 6.3%, Alanine 6.8%, Valine 4.8%, Isoleucine 4.4%, Glycine 5%, Threonine 4.5%, Serine 4.4%, Tyrosine 3.2%, Phenylalanine 3.9%, Methionine 2.6%, Proline 3.4%, Histidine 2%, Cystine 1%, Tryptophan 0.8%, as a percentage by weight with respect to the total weight of amino acids. 
     
     
         3 . Fish protein hydrolysate according to  claim 1 , characterised in that the said fish protein source comprises a pulp obtained from the fillet of the said fish or fishes. 
     
     
         4 . Method of obtaining a fish protein hydrolysate as defined in  claim 3 , characterised in that it comprises:
 the grinding of at least one protein source chosen from the group composed of the fish species  Micromesistius poutassou, Clupea harengus, Scomber scombrus, Sardina pilchardus, Trisopterus esmarki, Tracharus  spp,  Gadus morhua, Pollachius vixens, Melanogrammus aeglefinus, Coryphaenoides rupestris , and fish belonging to the order Siluriformes, in the presence of water, so as to recover the pulp from the said fish or fishes,   the enzymatic hydrolysis of the said protein source at a temperature of between 50° and 75° C., for 1 to 5 hours, after the addition of an enzyme derived from  Bacillus licheniformis , so as to obtain a reaction mixture,   stoppage of the said enzymatic hydrolysis by deactivation of the said enzymes after raising the temperature of the said reaction mixture to a level not below 70° C., for 8 to 20 minutes,   the separation of the protein hydrolysate obtained from the rest of the reaction mixture.   
     
     
         5 . Method according to  claim 4 , characterised in that the said enzymatic hydrolysis is carried out in accordance with an enzyme/protein source ratio between 0.01% and 2%, preferentially equal to 0.75%, at a hydrolysis temperature of 55° C. 
     
     
         6 . Method according to  claim 4 , characterised in that the said grinding of the said protein source is carried out using the fillet of the said fish or fishes. 
     
     
         7 . Food product characterised in that it comprises a fish protein hydrolysate as defined in  claim 1 . 
     
     
         8 . Food supplement characterised in that it comprises a fish protein hydrolysate as defined in  claim 1 . 
     
     
         9 . Pharmaceutical composition characterised in that it comprises a fish protein hydrolysate as defined in  claim 1 . 
     
     
         10 . Composition characterised in that it comprises a fish protein hydrolysate as defined in  claim 1 . 
     
     
         11 . Medication characterised in that it comprises a fish protein hydrolysate as defined in  claim 1 . 
     
     
         12 . Use of a fish protein hydrolysate as defined in  claim 1  for manufacturing a medication intended for the treatment or prevention of an illness chosen from osteoporosis, for example post menopausal, bone demineralisation, calcic malabsorption, malabsorption of vitamin D or bone metabolism ailments. 
     
     
         13 . Fish protein hydrolysate according to  claim 1  for use thereof in the treatment or prevention of an illness chosen from osteoporosis, for example post menopausal, bone demineralisation, calcic malabsorption, malabsorption of vitamin D or bone metabolism ailments. 
     
     
         14 . Fish protein hydrolysate according to  claim 1  for use thereof in the stimulation of the growth of osteoblasts and the inhibition of the growth