Organic el display

Abstract

An organic EL element includes a pair of electrodes and an emitting layer interposed therebetween. The emitting layer is made of a mixture containing a host material and a dopant material. In the emitting layer, a concentration profile of the dopant material along a thickness direction includes at least two relative maximums or at least two relative minimums.

1 . A method of manufacturing an organic EL element, comprising:
 providing a structure including a substrate and a first electrode, the first electrode being positioned above the substrate and having first and second ends;   forming an emitting layer above the first electrode, the forming the emitting layer including alternately performing first and second operations each at least two times, the first operation including depositing first and second materials in this order above the first electrode from the first end to the second end, the second operation including depositing the second and first materials in this order above the first electrode from the second end to the first end, the first material being one of host and dopant materials, the second material being the other of the host and dopant materials; and   forming a second electrode above the emitting layer.   
     
     
         2 . The method according to  claim 1 , wherein each of the first and second operations includes heating the first material contained in a first crucible at a first temperature to vaporize the first material through a first nozzle toward the first electrode, and heating the second material contained in a second crucible at a second temperature to vaporize the second material through a second nozzle toward the first electrode. 
     
     
         3 . The method according to  claim 2 , wherein the first operation further includes relatively moving the first and second crucibles with respect to the first electrode in a forward direction, and the second operation further includes relatively moving the first and second crucibles with respect to the first electrode in a reverse direction, the forward direction being opposite to an alignment direction of the first and second nozzles, the reverse direction being equal to the alignment direction. 
     
     
         4 . The method according to  claim 3 , wherein each of the first and second operations is performed such that the first nozzle emits the vaporized first material within a first angular range as a first divergent flow and the second nozzle emits the vaporized second material within a second angular range as a second divergent flow, the second angular range being different from the first angular range. 
     
     
         5 . The method according to  claim 4 , wherein each of the first and second operations is performed such that the first divergent flow is inclined toward the reverse direction and the second divergent flow is inclined toward the forward direction. 
     
     
         6 . The method according to  claim 5 , wherein each of the first and second operations is performed such that a first area on which the first material is deposited at a certain time and a second area on which the second material is deposited at said certain time partially overlap each other. 
     
     
         7 . The method according to  claim 1 , wherein each of the first and second operations is performed such that a first nozzle emits the first material within a first angular range as a first divergent flow and a second nozzle emits the second material within a second angular range as a second divergent flow, the second angular range being different from the first angular range. 
     
     
         8 . The method according to  claim 7 , wherein each of the first and second operations is performed such that the first divergent flow is inclined toward a reverse direction and the second divergent flow is inclined toward a forward direction opposite to the reverse direction. 
     
     
         9 . The method according to  claim 8 , wherein each of the first and second operations is performed such that a first area on which the first material is deposited at a certain time and a second area on which the second material is deposited at said certain time partially overlap each other. 
     
     
         10 . The method according to  claim 1 , wherein each of the first and second operations is performed such that a first area on which the first material is deposited at a certain time and a second area on which the second material is deposited at said certain time partially overlap each other. 
     
     
         11 . The method according to  claim 1 , wherein the dopant material is an organic material different from an organometallic compound. 
     
     
         12 . A method of manufacturing an organic EL element, comprising:
 providing a structure including a substrate and a first electrode, the first electrode being positioned above the substrate and having first and second ends;   forming an emitting layer above the first electrode, the forming the emitting layer including sequentially performing first and second operations, each of the first and second operations including emitting a first divergent flow of a first material within a first angular range through a first nozzle toward the first electrode and emitting a second divergent flow of a second material within a second angular range through a second nozzle toward the first electrode while relatively moving the first and second nozzles with respect to the first electrode in a forward or reverse direction, the first material being one of host and dopant materials, the second material being the other of the host and dopant materials, the second angular range being different from the first angular range, the forward and reverse directions being opposite to each other, and the first and second nozzles being moved in the forward direction in the first operation and moved in the reverse direction in the second operation; and   forming a second electrode above the emitting layer.   
     
     
         13 . The method according to  claim 12 , wherein each of the first and second operations further includes heating the first material contained in a first crucible at a first temperature to vaporize the first material, and heating the second material contained in a second crucible at a second temperature to vaporize the second material. 
     
     
         14 . The method according to  claim 13 , wherein each of the first and second operations is performed such that the first divergent flow is inclined toward the reverse direction and the second divergent flow is inclined toward the forward direction. 
     
     
         15 . The method according to  claim 14 , wherein each of the first and second operations is performed such that a first area on which the first material is deposited at a certain time and a second area on which the second material is deposited at said certain time partially overlap each other. 
     
     
         16 . The method according to  claim 15 , wherein the first and second operations are alternately performed each at least two times. 
     
     
         17 . The method according to  claim 12 , wherein each of the first end second operations is performed such that a first area on which the first material is deposited at a certain time and a second area on which the second material is deposited at said certain time partially overlap each other. 
     
     
         18 . The method according to  claim 12 , wherein the first and second operations are alternately performed each at least two times. 
     
     
         19 . The method according to  claim 12 , wherein the dopant material is an organic material different from an organometallic compound.