Solar collector for evaporation of aqueous solutions

Abstract

The invention is related to solar collectors intended to perform technological processes and specifically, to solar collectors used for concentration by evaporation of aqueous solutions. The proposed solar collector concentrates the aqueous solution by combination of heating the upper thin layer of this solution (this heating is accompanied with evaporation a significant part of this layer) and carrying away of the obtained vapors from the internal space of the solar collector by air stream introduced constantly into the internal space. In another version of this invention the obtained vapors are condensing on the surface of cooling water flowing through the solar collector.

1 . A solar collector intended for concentration of aqueous solution accompanied with removal of water vapors and other volatile substances from said aqueous solution; said solar collector consists of:
 a horizontal trough, which comprises, in turn, a base wall, two opposite sidewalls and two opposite end walls;   glazing covering the aperture of said horizontal trough;   a metal horizontal sheet, which is mounted in said trough and divides its internal space into a upper section and a lower section; the upper side of said metal horizontal sheet is provided with a selective coating and the lower side of said metal horizontal sheet is provided with coating with high emittance in the infrared range of spectrum;   said lower section of said horizontal trough is filled up to a certain level with said aqueous solution to be partially evaporated;   two inlet connections and two outlet connections are installed in said opposite end walls of said horizontal trough and serve for supply the aqueous solution to be partially evaporated and the air into the lower section of the trough, and removal of the concentrated aqueous solution and the humidified hot air from said horizontal trough; wherein said inlet connection for air supply is arranged above the level of the aqueous solution in the trough; said outlet connection for air removal is arranged above the level of the aqueous solution in said horizontal trough.   
     
     
         2 . A solar collector intended for concentration of aqueous solution accompanied with removal of water vapors and other volatile substances from said aqueous solution as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein said horizontal trough is oriented in direction west-east. 
     
     
         3 . A solar collector intended for concentration of aqueous solution accompanied with removal of water vapors and other volatile substances from said aqueous solution as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein a longitudinal tracking reflector is mounted along the horizontal trough. 
     
     
         4 . A solar collector intended for concentration of aqueous solution accompanied with removal of water vapors and other volatile substances from said aqueous solution as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein the one end wall of the horizontal trough is provided with two inlet connections for supply the aqueous solution to be partially evaporated and the air, and the opposite end wall is provided with two outlet connections for removal of the concentrated aqueous solution and the humidified hot air from said horizontal trough. 
     
     
         5 . A solar collector intended for concentration of aqueous solution accompanied with removal of water vapors and other volatile substances from said aqueous solution as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein the one end wall of the horizontal trough is provided with the inlet connection for supply the aqueous solution to be partially evaporated and the outlet connection for removal of the humidified hot air from said horizontal trough, and the opposite end wall is provided with the outlet connection for removal of the concentrated aqueous solution and with the inlet connection for air supply into said horizontal trough. 
     
     
         6 . A solar collector intended for concentration of aqueous solution accompanied with removal of water vapors and other volatile substances from said aqueous solution as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein there is a floating grid, which floats on the layer of said aqueous solution to be concentrated. 
     
     
         7 . A solar collector intended for concentration of aqueous solution accompanied with removal of water vapors and other volatile substances from said aqueous solution, wherein said solar collector consists of
 a horizontal trough, which comprises in turn a base wall, two opposite sidewalls and two opposite end walls;   glazing covering the aperture of said horizontal trough;   a metal horizontal sheet, which is mounted in said horizontal trough and divides its internal space into a upper section and a lower section; the upper side of said metal horizontal sheet is provided with a selective coating and the lower side of said metal horizontal sheet is provided with coating with high emittance in the infrared range of spectrum;   an inlet connection and an outlet connection are installed in said opposite end walls of said horizontal trough and serve for supply the air into the lower section of the trough and removal the humidified hot air from said horizontal trough;   a breadth from fabric is pulled by fastenings between the opposite end walls of said solar collector;   an array of horizontal cross-bars is installed between the opposite sidewall said cross-bars are supporting said breadth;   an array of distributing pipes, which are arranged above said breadth and said supporting cross-bars; said distributing pipes serve for supply the aqueous solution to be partially evaporated on said breadth;   an array of transverse ribs is mounted on the base wall of the horizontal trough; said transverse ribs form two types of sub-trays; said first type of said sub-trays serves for collecting the concentrated aqueous solution and said second type of said sub-trays serves for collecting of condensate; said side walls of said sub-trays are provided with openings for drainage of condensate and concentrated aqueous solution.   
     
     
         8 . A solar collector intended for concentration of aqueous solution accompanied with removal of water vapors and other volatile substances from said aqueous solution as claimed in  claim 7 , wherein there are wicks, which are joined with the breadth at the places of its maximum deflection. 
     
     
         9 . A solar collector intended for concentration of aqueous solution accompanied with removal of water vapors and other volatile substances from said aqueous solution as claimed in  claim 7 , wherein the sub-trays, of the second type are provided additionally with inlet connections for supply of chilling water, and the horizontal trough is provided with an opening for equalizing the pressure in the lower section of the solar collector with the ambient pressure. 
     
     
         10 . A solar collector intended for concentration of aqueous solution accompanied with removal of water vapors and other volatile substances from said aqueous solution, wherein said solar collector consists of:
 a horizontal trough, which comprises in turn a base wall, two opposite sidewalls and two opposite end walls;   glazing covering the aperture of said horizontal trough;   a metal horizontal sheet, which is mounted in said horizontal trough and divides its internal space into a upper section and a lower section; the upper side of said metal horizontal sheet is provided with a selective coating and the lower side of said metal horizontal sheet is provided with coating with high emittance in the infrared range of spectrum;   said lower section of said horizontal trough is filled up to a certain level with said aqueous solution to be partially evaporated;   an inlet connection and an outlet connection are installed in said opposite end walls of said horizontal trough and serve for supply of the air into the lower section of the trough and removal of the humidified hot air from said horizontal trough;   a breadth from fabric is pulled by fastenings between the opposite sidewalls in the lower section of said solar collector;   two distributing pipes are situated above the longitudinal margins of said breadth;   two longitudinal ribs on the internal side of said base wall form two types of sub-trays; a central sub-tray, which serves for collecting the concentrated aqueous solution and two lateral sub-trays, which serve for collecting condensate; said central and lateral sub-trays are provided with openings for drainage of concentrated aqueous solution and condensate.   
     
     
         11 . A solar collector intended for concentration of aqueous solution accompanied with removal of water vapors and other volatile substances from said aqueous solution as claimed in  claim 10 , wherein the trough is tilted and there is the sole longitudinal distributing pipe, which supplying the aqueous solution to be partially evaporated and concentrated on the upper margin of the breadth;
 base wall is provided with one longitudinal rib, which forms two types of sub-trays; one sub-tray serves for collecting the concentrated aqueous solution and the second one—for collecting the condensate; said sub-trays are provided with openings for drainage of said condensate and said concentrated aqueous solution.   
     
     
         12 . A solar collector intended for concentration of aqueous solution accompanied with removal of water vapors and other volatile substances from said aqueous solution as claimed in  claim 11 , wherein the breadth is placed on the internal surface of the base wall and there is a sole opening for drainage of said condensate and said concentrated aqueous solution. 
     
     
         13 . A solar collector intended for concentration of aqueous solution accompanied with removal of water vapors and other volatile substances from said aqueous solution as claimed in  claim 11 , wherein the tilted trough is oriented in direction east-west. 
     
     
         14 . A solar collector intended for concentration of aqueous solution accompanied with removal of water vapors and other volatile substances from said aqueous solution as claimed in  claim 11 , wherein a longitudinal tracking reflector is positioned along the tilted trough. 
     
     
         15 . A solar collector designed as it is claimed in  claim 1 , wherein said solar collector is intended for water heating.