Monolithic column chromatography

Abstract

Provided herein are methods of liquid column chromatography in which preparative chromatography is performed in-line with analytical chromatography. In particular aspects a monolithic preparative column is used to purify an analyte of interest from a mixture of other substances by applying the mixture to the column, reversing the flow through the column to elute the analyte, which is applied to an analytical column provided in-line with the preparative column. In other aspects, a single monolithic column is used to perform both the preparative chromatography and analytical chromatography steps in succession. In another aspect, a chromatography system is provided to perform preparative and analytical chromatography using a single monolithic column.

1 . A chromatographic method for detecting one or more analytes in a body fluid sample containing one or more other substances, said method comprising:
 a) applying a body fluid sample to a monolithic chromatography column comprising a monolithic sorbent having macropores and mesopores;   b) applying a first mobile phase to said monolithic chromatography column after applying said body fluid sample under conditions such that one or more analytes are retained on said monolithic chromatography column and one or more other substances present in said body fluid sample are removed, wherein said one or more retained analytes have a molecular weight of less than about 5,000 Daltons;   c) eluting said one or more retained analytes by applying a second mobile phase to said monolithic chromatography column; and   d) detecting said one or more analytes eluted in step c).   
     
     
         2 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein said second mobile phase is applied to said monolithic chromatography column in the opposite direction of the flow of step (b). 
     
     
         3 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein said body fluid sample comprises an isolated body fluid selected from the group consisting of blood, plasma, serum, bile, saliva, urine, tears, synovial fluid, peritoneal fluid, bronchial-alveolar lavage, CSF, and perspiration. 
     
     
         4 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein said macropores have a median diameter of 0.1 to 50 μm. 
     
     
         5 . The method of  claim 4 , wherein said macropores have a median diameter of 2 to 20 μm. 
     
     
         6 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein said mesopores have a median diameter of 2 to 100 nm. 
     
     
         7 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein said mesopores comprise a fatty acid linked to said mesopore. 
     
     
         8 . The method of  claim 7 , wherein said fatty acid is selected from the group consisting of butyric acid (C4), caprylic acid (C8), and stearic acid (C18). 
     
     
         9 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein said one or more analytes retained on said first column have a molecular weight of less than about 1,000 Daltons. 
     
     
         10 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein said one or more analytes retained on said first column have a molecular weight of less than about 500 Daltons. 
     
     
         11 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein said other substances are proteins or proteinaceous material. 
     
     
         12 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the eluted one or more eluted analytes are directed to a mass spectrometer for detection in step d). 
     
     
         13 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein said body fluid sample applied to the chromatography column in step a) comprises an isolated body fluid mixed with one or more liquids. 
     
     
         14 . The method of  claim 1 , further comprising:
 directing said one or more analytes eluted in step c) to a packed capillary spray tip in-line with said first column for further separation prior to step d).   
     
     
         15 . The method of  claim 1 , further comprising:
 reapplying said one or more analytes eluted in step c) to said monolithic chromatography column under conditions whereby a second chromatographic separation is achieved prior to detection in step d).   
     
     
         16 . The method of  claim 15 , further comprising:
 reapplying the eluted one or more analytes from said second chromatographic separation to said monolithic column under conditions whereby a third chromatographic separation is achieved prior to detection in step d).   
     
     
         17 . A method for achieving a chromatographic separation of one or more analytes from one or more other substances in a body fluid sample, said method comprising:
 a) applying a body fluid sample to a monolithic chromatography column comprising a monolithic sorbent having macropores and mesopores;   b) applying a first mobile phase to said monolithic chromatography column after applying said body fluid sample under conditions such that said one or more analytes in the sample are retained on said monolithic chromatography column and one or more other substances are removed, wherein said one or more retained analytes have a molecular weight of less than 5,000 daltons; and   c) eluting said one or more retained analytes by applying a second mobile phase to said monolithic chromatography column.   
     
     
         18 . The method of  claim 17 , wherein said second mobile phase is applied to said monolithic chromatography column in the opposite direction of the flow of step (b). 
     
     
         19 . The method of  claim 17 , wherein said body fluid sample comprises an isolated body fluid selected from the group consisting of blood, plasma, serum, bile, saliva, urine, tears, synovial fluid, peritoneal fluid, bronchial-alveolar lavage, CSF, and perspiration. 
     
     
         20 . The method of  claim 17 , wherein said macropores have a median diameter of 0.1 to 50 μm. 
     
     
         21 . The method of  claim 17 , wherein said macropores have a median diameter of 2 to 20 μm. 
     
     
         22 . The method of  claim 17 , wherein said mesopores have a median diameter of 2 to 100 nm. 
     
     
         23 . The method of  claim 17 , wherein said mesopores comprise a fatty acid linked to said mesopore. 
     
     
         24 . The method of  claim 23 , wherein said fatty acid is selected from the group consisting of butyric acid (C4), caprylic acid (C8), and stearic acid (C18). 
     
     
         25 . The method of  claim 17 , wherein said one or more analytes retained on said first column have a molecular weight of less than 1,000 daltons. 
     
     
         26 . The method of  claim 17 , wherein said one or more analytes retained on said first column have a molecular weight of less than 500 daltons. 
     
     
         27 . The method of  claim 17 , wherein said other substances are proteins or proteinaceous material. 
     
     
         28 . The method of  claim 17 , wherein said body fluid sample applied to the monolithic chromatography column in step a) comprises an isolated body fluid sample mixed with one or more liquids. 
     
     
         29 . The method of  claim 17 , wherein said one or more of said eluted analytes are directed to a second chromatography column for further chromatographic separation. 
     
     
         30 . The method of  claim 17 , wherein one or more of said eluted analytes are directed to a devise suitable for detecting said one or more eluted analytes. 
     
     
         31 . The method of  claim 30 , wherein said devise comprises a mass spectrometer. 
     
     
         32 . The method of  claim 17 , further comprising:
 reapplying said one or more analytes eluted in step c) to said monolithic chromatography column under conditions whereby a second chromatographic separation is achieved.   
     
     
         33 . The method of  claim 32 , wherein one or more of said eluted analytes are directed to a devise suitable for detecting said one or more eluted analytes following said second chromatographic separation. 
     
     
         34 . The method of  claim 33 , wherein said devise comprises a mass spectrometer. 
     
     
         35 . The method of  claim 32 , further comprising:
 reapplying the eluted one or more analytes from said second chromatographic separation to said monolithic column under conditions whereby a third chromatographic separation is achieved.   
     
     
         36 . The method of  claim 35 , wherein one or more of said eluted analytes are directed to a devise suitable for detecting said one or more eluted analytes following said second chromatographic separation. 
     
     
         37 . The method of  claim 36 , wherein said devise comprises a mass spectrometer.