US2011296886A1PendingUtilityA1

Reaction products and methods for making and using the same

51
Individually held — no corporate assignee on recordPriority: Apr 30, 2010Filed: Apr 29, 2011Published: Dec 8, 2011
Est. expiryApr 30, 2030(~3.8 yrs left)· nominal 20-yr term from priority
Inventors:Kurt D. GabrielsonMary L. Epling
C05G 3/90C05C 3/00C05C 9/02C05C 9/00Y02P60/21
51
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Claims

Abstract

Reaction products and methods for making and using the same are provided. In at least one specific embodiment, the fertilizer can include a nitrogen source comprising urea, ammonia, ammonium nitrate, or any combination thereof and a reaction product of formaldehyde, an ammonia source, and a nitrification inhibitor.

Claims

exact text as granted — not AI-modified
1 . A fertilizer, comprising:
 a nitrogen source comprising urea, ammonia, ammonium nitrate, or any combination thereof; and   a reaction product of formaldehyde, an ammonia source, and a nitrification inhibitor.   
     
     
         2 . The fertilizer of  claim 1 , wherein the nitrification inhibitor comprises 2-chloro-6-trichloromethyl-pyridine, 5-ethoxy-3-trichloromethyl-1,2,4-thiadiazol, dicyandiamide, 2-amino-4-chloro-6-methyl-pyrimidine, 1,3-benzothyiazole-2-thiol, 4-amino-N-1,3-thiazol-2-ylbenzenesulfonamide, thiourea; guanidine, 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate, 2,4-diamino-6-trichloromethyl-5-triazine, polyetherionophores, 4-amino-1,2,4-triazole, 3-mercapto-1,2,4-triazole, potassium azide, carbon bisulfide, sodium trithiocarbonate, ammonium dithiocarbamate, 2,3, dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-7-benzofuranol methyl-carbamate, N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-N-(methoxyacetyl)-alanine methyl ester, ammonium thiosulfate, 1-hydroxypyrazole, 2-methylpyrazole-1-carboxamide, derivatives thereof, and any combination thereof. 
     
     
         3 . The fertilizer of  claim 1 , wherein a molar ratio of the formaldehyde to ammonia in the reaction product ranges from about 3:1 to about 9:1 and a molar ratio of the formaldehyde to nitrification inhibitor in the reaction product ranges from about 1:1 to about 3:1. 
     
     
         4 . The fertilizer of  claim 1 , wherein reacting the formaldehyde, ammonia source, and nitrification inhibitor comprises:
 combining the formaldehyde and the nitrification inhibitor at a molar ratio from about 1:1 to about 3:1 to produce a first mixture;   heating the first mixture to a temperature ranging from about 50° C. to about 80° C.;   introducing ammonium chloride to the first mixture to produce a second mixture, wherein the total amount of ammonium chloride introduced to the first mixture provides a formaldehyde to ammonia molar ratio ranging from about 3:1 to about 9:1;   heating the second mixture to a temperature ranging from about 70° C. to about 90° C.; and   cooling the second mixture to produce the reaction product.   
     
     
         5 . The fertilizer of  claim 1 , wherein the reaction product comprises from about 30 mol % to about 70 mol % formaldehyde, from about 5 mol % to about 25 mol % ammonia, and from about 15 mol % to about 45 mol % nitrification inhibitor, based on a total weight of the formaldehyde, the ammonia, and the nitrification inhibitor. 
     
     
         6 . The fertilizer of  claim 1 , wherein a molar ratio of the formaldehyde to ammonia in the reaction product ranges from about 1:1 to about 8:1 and a molar ratio of the formaldehyde to nitrification inhibitor in the reaction product ranges from about 1:1 to about 7:1. 
     
     
         7 . The fertilizer of  claim 1 , wherein the reaction product is produced by reacting the formaldehyde, ammonia source, and nitrification inhibitor in water under alkaline reaction conditions to yield an aqueous reaction product. 
     
     
         8 . The fertilizer of  claim 1 , wherein the ammonia source comprises one or more ammonium salts, aqueous ammonia, anhydrous ammonia, or any combination thereof. 
     
     
         9 . The fertilizer of  claim 1 , wherein a concentration of the reaction product in the fertilizer ranges from about 0.1 wt % to about 20 wt %, based on a total amount of nitrogen in the nitrogen source. 
     
     
         10 . The fertilizer of  claim 1 , wherein a concentration of the reaction product in the fertilizer ranges from about 1 wt % to about 15 wt %, based on a total amount of nitrogen in the nitrogen source. 
     
     
         11 . The fertilizer of  claim 1 , wherein the reaction product further comprises a urease inhibitor reacted with the formaldehyde, ammonia source, and nitrification inhibitor, and wherein the urease inhibitor comprises N-(n-butyl)thiophosphoric triamide, N-(n-butly)phosphoric triamide, thiophosphoryl triamide, phenyl phosphorodiamidate, cyclohexyl phosphoric triamide, cyclohexyl thiophosphoric triamide, phosphoric triamide, hydroquinone, p-benzoquinone, hexamidocyclotriphosphazene, thiopyridines, thiopyrimidines, thiopyridine-N-oxides, N,N-dihalo-2-imidazolidinone, N-halo-2-oxazolidinone, derivatives thereof, or any combination thereof. 
     
     
         12 . The fertilizer of  claim 1 , further comprising one or more urease inhibitors. 
     
     
         13 . The fertilizer of  claim 1 , wherein the reaction product further comprises urea reacted with the formaldehyde, ammonia source, and nitrification inhibitor. 
     
     
         14 . The fertilizer of  claim 1 , wherein the nitrogen source comprises anhydrous ammonia. 
     
     
         15 . A method for making a fertilizer, comprising:
 reacting formaldehyde, an ammonia source, and a nitrification inhibitor under conditions sufficient to produce a reaction product; and   combining the reaction product with a nitrogen source to produce a fertilizer, wherein the nitrogen source comprises urea, ammonia, ammonium nitrate, or any combination thereof.   
     
     
         16 . The method of  claim 15 , further comprising reacting at least one of urea and a urease inhibitor with the formaldehyde, ammonia source, and nitrification inhibitor to produce the reaction product. 
     
     
         17 . The method of  claim 15 , wherein the nitrification inhibitor comprises 2-chloro-6-trichloromethyl-pyridine; 5-ethoxy-3-trichloromethyl-1,2,4-thiadiazol; dicyandiamide; 2-amino-4-chloro-6-methyl-pyrimidine; 1,3-benzothiazole-2-thiol; 4-amino-N-1,3-thiazol-2-ylbenzenesulfonamide; thiourea; guanidine; 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate; 2,4-diamino-6-trichloromethyl-5-triazine; polyetherionophores; 4-amino-1,2,4-triazole; 3-mercapto-1,2,4-triazole; potassium azide; carbon bisulfide; sodium trithiocarbonate; ammonium dithiocarbamate; 2,3, dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-7-benzofuranol methyl-carbamate; N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-N-(methoxyacetyl)-alanine methyl ester; ammonium thiosulfate; 1-hydroxypyrazole; 2-methylpyrazole-1-carboxamide; derivatives thereof, or any combination thereof. 
     
     
         18 . The method of  claim 15 , wherein an amount of the reaction product in the fertilizer ranges from about 0.5 wt % to about 20 wt %, based on a total amount of nitrogen in the nitrogen source. 
     
     
         19 . The method of  claim 15 , wherein the nitrogen source is disposed within a soil and the reaction product is combined with the nitrogen source within the soil. 
     
     
         20 . The method of  claim 15 , wherein a molar ratio of the formaldehyde to ammonia in the reaction product ranges from about 3:1 to about 9:1 and a molar ratio of the formaldehyde to nitrification inhibitor in the reaction product ranges from about 1:1 to about 3:1. 
     
     
         21 . The method of  claim 15 , wherein reacting the formaldehyde, ammonia source, and nitrification inhibitor comprises:
 combining the formaldehyde and the nitrification inhibitor at a molar ratio from about 1:1 to about 3:1 to produce a first mixture;   heating the first mixture to a temperature ranging from about 50° C. to about 80° C.;   introducing ammonium chloride to the first mixture to produce a second mixture, wherein the total amount of ammonium chloride introduced to the first mixture provides a formaldehyde to ammonia molar ratio ranging from about 3:1 to about 9:1;   heating the second mixture to a temperature ranging from about 70° C. to about 90° C.; and   cooling the second mixture to produce the reaction product.   
     
     
         22 . The method of  claim 15 , wherein the reaction product comprises from about 30 mol % to about 70 mol % formaldehyde, from about 5 mol % to about 25 mol % ammonia, and from about 15 mol % to about 45 mol % nitrification inhibitor, based on a total weight of the formaldehyde, the ammonia, and the nitrification inhibitor. 
     
     
         23 . The method of  claim 15 , wherein a molar ratio of the formaldehyde to ammonia in the reaction product ranges from about 1:1 to about 8:1 and a molar ratio of the formaldehyde to nitrification inhibitor in the reaction product ranges from about 1:1 to about 7:1. 
     
     
         24 . The method of  claim 15 , wherein the reaction product is produced by reacting the formaldehyde, ammonia source, and nitrification inhibitor in water under alkaline reaction conditions to yield an aqueous reaction product. 
     
     
         25 . The method of  claim 15 , wherein the ammonia source comprises one or more ammonium salts, aqueous ammonia, anhydrous ammonia, or any combination thereof. 
     
     
         26 . The method of  claim 15 , wherein a concentration of the reaction product in the fertilizer ranges from about 0.1 wt % to about 20 wt %, based on a total amount of nitrogen in the nitrogen source. 
     
     
         27 . The method of  claim 15 , wherein a concentration of the reaction product in the fertilizer ranges from about 1 wt % to about 15 wt %, based on a total amount of nitrogen in the nitrogen source. 
     
     
         28 . The method of  claim 15 , wherein the reaction product further comprises a urease inhibitor reacted with the formaldehyde, ammonia source, and nitrification inhibitor, and wherein the urease inhibitor comprises N-(n-butyl)thiophosphoric triamide, N-(n-butly)phosphoric triamide, thiophosphoryl triamide, phenyl phosphorodiamidate, cyclohexyl phosphoric triamide, cyclohexyl thiophosphoric triamide, phosphoric triamide, hydroquinone, p-benzoquinone, hexamidocyclotriphosphazene, thiopyridines, thiopyrimidines, thiopyridine-N-oxides, N,N-dihalo-2-imidazolidinone, N-halo-2-oxazolidinone, derivatives thereof, or any combination thereof. 
     
     
         29 . The method of  claim 15 , further comprising combining one or more urease inhibitors with the reaction product and the nitrogen source. 
     
     
         30 . The method of  claim 15 , wherein the nitrogen source comprises anhydrous ammonia. 
     
     
         31 . A method for reducing nitrification in soil, comprising:
 reacting formaldehyde, an ammonia source, and a nitrification inhibitor under conditions sufficient to produce a reaction product;   applying the reaction product to a soil.   
     
     
         32 . The method of  claim 31 , wherein one or more nitrogen sources is disposed within the soil and the reaction product is combined with the one or more nitrogen sources within the soil. 
     
     
         33 . The method of  claim 32 , wherein the one or more nitrogen sources comprise urea, ammonia, ammonium nitrate, or any combination thereof. 
     
     
         34 . The method of  claim 31 , further comprising disposing one or more nitrogen sources on the soil, within the soil, or both, wherein the one or more nitrogen sources comprise animal manure, animal urine, or a combination thereof. 
     
     
         35 . The method of  claim 34 , wherein the reaction product is applied to the soil after the one or more nitrogen sources, before the one or more nitrogen sources, or both. 
     
     
         36 . The method of  claim 31 , wherein the amount of reaction product applied to the soil ranges from about 1 kg/ha to about 50 kg/ha. 
     
     
         37 . The method of  claim 32 , wherein an amount of the reaction product applied to the soil ranges from about 1 wt % to about 25 wt %, based on a total amount of nitrogen in the one or more nitrogen sources. 
     
     
         38 . The method of  claim 31 , further comprising reacting urea with the formaldehyde, ammonia source, and nitrification inhibitor to produce the reaction product. 
     
     
         39 . The method of  claim 31 , further comprising reacting a urease inhibitor with the formaldehyde, ammonia source, and nitrification inhibitor, and wherein the urease inhibitor comprises N-(n-butyl)thiophosphoric triamide, N-(n-butly)phosphoric triamide, thiophosphoryl triamide, phenyl phosphorodiamidate, cyclohexyl phosphoric triamide, cyclohexyl thiophosphoric triamide, phosphoric triamide, hydroquinone, p-benzoquinone, hexamidocyclotriphosphazene, thiopyridines, thiopyrimidines, thiopyridine-N-oxides, N,N-dihalo-2-imidazolidinone, N-halo-2-oxazolidinone, derivatives thereof, or any combination thereof. 
     
     
         40 . The method of  claim 31 , further comprising combining a urease inhibitor with the reaction product.

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