Induction of pluripotent stem cells into mesodermal lineages

Abstract

The present invention provides a method of inducing mesoderm derived cells from pluripotent stem cells. In contrast to methods known in the art that are often designed to replicate in vivo events of mesoderm induction, the present invention provides a unique, yet simple, method whereby pluripotent stem cells are mesodermally primed in the presence of factors that concomitantly inhibit the spontaneous differentiation of endoderm and ectoderm during expansion and suspension steps. Exposure and/or adherence of primed aggregates to a extracellular matrix that promotes the commitment and survival of induced mesoderm progenitors, followed by exposure to various mesoderm associated factors, allows for the subsequent induction of such cells into terminally differentiated lineages, such as cardiomyocytes. End products of this induction system will ultimately provide an unlimited source of mesoderm-derived cell types for therapeutic and pharmacological purposes.

1 . An in vitro method of directly differentiating endothelial cells from human pluripotent cells, the method comprising:
 expanding the pluripotent cells in the presence of a mesodermal priming medium;   suspending the expanded cells in the priming medium for a predetermined time period resulting in the formation of mesoderm aggregates, wherein mesoderm aggregates comprise a relatively pure population of mesoderm progenitor cells; and   exposing the mesoderm progenitor cells to a MesA factor that promotes endothelial cell differentiation.   
     
     
         2 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the mesodermal priming medium is serum free. 
     
     
         3 . The method of  claim 2 , wherein the mesodermal priming medium further comprises a serum replacement. 
     
     
         4 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the mesodermal priming medium comprises Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF). 
     
     
         5 . The method of  claim 4 , wherein the Fibroblast Growth Factor is basic Fibroblast Growth Factor (bFGF). 
     
     
         6 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the mesodermal priming medium comprises a Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) inhibitor. 
     
     
         7 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the mesodermal priming medium comprises an inhibitor of BMP activity. 
     
     
         8 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the mesodermal priming medium comprises a mesoderm inducing factor. 
     
     
         9 . The method of  claim 8 , wherein the inducing factor is Fibroblast Growth Factor. 
     
     
         10 . The method of  claim 8 , wherein the mesodermal priming medium further comprises a factor that inhibits non-mesoderm differentiation. 
     
     
         11 . The method of  claim 10 , wherein the factor is Fibroblast Growth Factor. 
     
     
         12 . The method of  claim 9 , wherein the Fibroblast Growth Factor is basic Fibroblast Growth Factor. 
     
     
         13 . The method of  claim 11 , wherein the Fibroblast Growth Factor is basic Fibroblast Growth Factor. 
     
     
         14 . The method of  claim 10 , wherein the factor is a Bone Morphogenetic Protein inhibitor. 
     
     
         15 . The method of  claim 10 , wherein the factor inhibits Bone Morphogenetic Protein activity. 
     
     
         16 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the mesodermal priming medium further comprises fibroblast conditioned medium. 
     
     
         17 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the suspending and exposing steps are essentially free of feeder cells. 
     
     
         18 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the predetermined time is at least one day. 
     
     
         19 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the predetermined time is 3 days. 
     
     
         20 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the formation of mesoderm aggregates comprises a step that promotes cell-cell contacts between the expanded cells, wherein the cell-cell contacts promote mesoderm induction and endothelial cell differentiation. 
     
     
         21 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the mesoderm progenitor cells have the potential to differentiate to cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, mesodermal mesenchyme, hematopoietic cells, skeletal muscle cells, adipocytes, chondrocytes, osteocytes, and other mesoderm-derived cell types. 
     
     
         22 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the MesA factor comprises a Bone Morphogenetic Protein. 
     
     
         23 . The method of  claim 22 , wherein the Bone Morphogenetic Protein is Bone Morphogenetic Protein-4 (BMP-4). 
     
     
         24 . The method of  claim 23 , wherein the MesA factor promotes vasculogenesis. 
     
     
         25 . The method of  claim 22 , wherein the MesA factor further induces at least one additional mesoderm derived cell type. 
     
     
         26 . The method of  claim 25 , wherein the cell type comprises smooth muscle cells. 
     
     
         27 . The method of  claim 23 , wherein the MesA factor further induces at least one additional mesoderm derived cell type. 
     
     
         28 . The method of  claim 27 , wherein the cell type comprises smooth muscle cells. 
     
     
         29 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the efficacy of a potential MesA factor to promote the endothelial cell differentiation is experimentally determined and optimized by exposing the mesoderm progenitor cells to varying concentrations of the potential MesA factor and assessing the outcome. 
     
     
         30 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the efficacy of the MesA factor is modulated by the concentration of the MesA factor. 
     
     
         31 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the efficacy of the MesA factor is modulated by exposing the mesoderm progenitor cells to at least one additional MesA factor. 
     
     
         32 . An in vitro method of directly differentiating endothelial cells from human pluripotent stem cells, the method comprising:
 inducing the pluripotent cells into a relatively pure population of mesoderm progenitor cells; and   exposing the mesoderm progenitor cells to a MesA factor that promotes endothelial cell differentiation.   
     
     
         33 . The method of  claim 32 , wherein the inducing step comprises the steps of:
 expanding and priming the pluripotent stem cells in culture medium comprising a mesoderm inducing factor; and   suspending the primed cells in culture medium comprising a mesoderm inducing factor.   
     
     
         34 . The method of  claim 33 , wherein the mesoderm inducing factor comprises Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF). 
     
     
         35 . The method of  claim 34 , wherein the Fibroblast Growth Factor is basic Fibroblast Growth Factor. 
     
     
         36 . The method of  claim 33 , wherein the culture medium comprises a Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) inhibitor. 
     
     
         37 . The method of  claim 33 , wherein the culture medium comprises an inhibitor of Bone Morphogenetic Protein activity. 
     
     
         38 . The method of  claim 33 , wherein the mesoderm inducing factor inhibits non-mesoderm differentiation. 
     
     
         39 . The method of  claim 33 , wherein the culture medium is serum free. 
     
     
         40 . The method of  claim 39 , wherein the culture medium further comprises a serum replacement. 
     
     
         41 . The method of  claim 33 , wherein the inducing step further comprises exposing the primed cells to a compound that promotes the commitment and survival of the mesoderm progenitor cells. 
     
     
         42 . The method of  claim 41 , wherein the compound comprises a component of extracellular matrix. 
     
     
         43 . The method of  claim 41 , wherein the compound comprises fibronectin. 
     
     
         44 . The method of  claim 33 , wherein the suspending step is essentially free of feeder cells. 
     
     
         45 . The method of  claim 33 , wherein the culture medium further comprises fibroblast conditioned medium. 
     
     
         46 . The method of  claim 33 , wherein the inducing step further comprises culture conditions that promote cell-cell contacts between the primed cells, wherein the cell-cell contacts promote mesoderm induction and endothelial cell differentiation. 
     
     
         47 . The method of  claim 33 , wherein the inducing step further comprises the formation of aggregates, wherein the formation of aggregates promotes mesoderm induction and endothelial cell differentiation. 
     
     
         48 . The method of  claim 32 , wherein the mesoderm progenitor cells have the potential to differentiate to cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, mesodermal mesenchyme, hematopoietic cells, skeletal muscle cells, adipocytes, chondrocytes, osteocytes, and other mesoderm-derived cell types. 
     
     
         49 . The method of  claim 32 , wherein the MesA factor comprises a Bone Morphogenetic Protein. 
     
     
         50 . The method of  claim 49 , wherein the Bone Morphogenetic Protein is Bone Morphogenetic Protein-4. 
     
     
         51 . The method of  claim 50 , wherein the MesA factor promotes vasculogenesis. 
     
     
         52 . The method of  claim 49 , wherein the MesA factor further induces at least one additional mesoderm derived cell type. 
     
     
         53 . The method of  claim 52 , wherein the cell type comprises smooth muscle cells. 
     
     
         54 . The method of  claim 50 , wherein the MesA factor further induces at least one additional mesoderm derived cell type. 
     
     
         55 . The method of  claim 54 , wherein the cell type comprises smooth muscle cells. 
     
     
         56 . The method of  claim 32 , wherein the efficacy of a potential MesA factor to promote endothelial cell differentiation is experimentally determined and optimized by exposing the mesoderm progenitor cells to varying concentrations of the potential MesA factor and assessing the outcome. 
     
     
         57 . The method of  claim 32 , wherein the efficacy of the MesA factor is modulated by the concentration of the MesA factor. 
     
     
         58 . The method of  claim 32 , wherein the efficacy of the MesA factor is modulated by exposing the mesoderm progenitor cells to at least one additional MesA factor.