Exendins and exendin agonist analogs to regulate gastrointestinal motility

Abstract

Methods for reducing gastric motility and delaying gastric emptying for therapeutic and diagnostic purposes are disclosed which comprise administration of an effective amount of an exendin or an exendin agonist. Methods for treating conditions associated with elevated, inappropriate, or undesired post-prandial blood glucose levels are disclosed which comprise administration of an effective amount of an exendin or an exendin agonist alone or in conjunction with other anti-gastric emptying agents.

1 . A method for treating a gastrointestinal disorder in a patient in need thereof comprising administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of an exendin-4 peptide to treat the patient for the gastrointestinal disorder. 
     
     
         2 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the gastrointestinal disorder is a spasm. 
     
     
         3 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the gastrointestinal disorder is associated with acute diverticulitis. 
     
     
         4 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the gastrointestianl disorders is a disorder of the biliary tract. 
     
     
         5 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the gastrointestinal disorder is a disorder of the Sphincter of Oddi. 
     
     
         6 . A method for treating a gastrointestinal disorder in a patient in need thereof comprising administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of a peptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 36 to treat the patient for the gastrointestinal disorder; wherein SEQ ID NO: 36 is: 
       
         
           
                 
                 
               
                   Xaa 1  Xaa 2  Xaa 3  Gly Thr Xaa 4  Xaa 5  Xaa 6  Xaa 7  Xaa 8  Ser Lys Gln Xaa 9   
                     
                 
                    1                  5                     10 
                 
                     
                 
                   Glu Glu Glu Ala Val Arg Leu Xaa 10  Xaa 11  Xaa 12  Xaa 13  Leu Lys Asn Gly 
                 
                   15                  20                       25 
                 
                     
                 
                   Gly Xaa 14  Ser Ser Gly Ala Xaa 15  Xaa 16  Xaa 17  Xaa 18 -Z 
                 
                   30                    35 
                 
             
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
               
            
           
         
       
       wherein
 Xaa 1  is His, Arg or Tyr; 
 Xaa 2  is Ser, Gly, Ala or Thr; 
 Xaa 3  is Asp or Glu; 
 Xaa 4  is Phe, Tyr or naphthylalanine; 
 Xaa 5  is Thr or Ser; 
 Xaa 6  is Ser or Thr; 
 Xaa 7  is Asp or Glu; 
 Xaa 8  is Leu, Ile, Val, pentylglycine or Met; 
 Xaa 9  is Leu, Ile, pentylglycine, Val or Met; 
 Xaa 10  is Phe, Tyr or naphthylalanine; 
 Xaa 11  is Ile, Val, Leu, pentylglycine, tert-butylglycine or Met; 
 Xaa 12  is Glu or Asp; 
 Xaa 13  is Trp, Phe, Tyr, or naphthylalanine; 
 Xaa 14 , Xaa 15 , Xaa 16  and Xaa 17  are independently Pro, homoproline, 3Hyp, 4Hyp, thioproline, N-alkylglycine, N-alkylpentylglycine or N-alkylalanine; 
 Xaa 18  is Ser, Thr or Tyr; and 
 Z is —OH or —NH 2 ; 
 
       with the proviso that the peptide does not comprise the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 or SEQ ID NO: 2. 
     
     
         7 . The method of  claim 6 , wherein: Xaa 1  is His or Arg; Xaa 2  is Gly; Xaa 3  is Asp or Glu; Xaa 4  is Phe or napthylalanine; Xaa 5  is Thr or Ser; Xaa 6  is Ser or Thr; Xaa 7  is Asp or Glu; Xaa 8  is Leu or pentylglycine; Xaa 9  is Leu or pentylglycine; Xaa 10  is Phe or naphthylalanine; Xaa 11  is Ile, Val or t-butylglycine; Xaa 12  is Glu or Asp; Xaa 13  is Trp or Phe; Xaa 14 , Xaa 15 , Xaa 16 , and Xaa 17  are independently Pro, homoproline, thioproline, or N-methylalanine; and Xaa 18  is Ser or Tyr. 
     
     
         8 . The method of  claim 6 , wherein the gastrointestinal disorder is a spasm. 
     
     
         9 . The method of  claim 6 , wherein the gastrointestinal disorder is associated with acute diverticulitis. 
     
     
         10 . The method of  claim 6 , wherein the gastrointestianl disorders is a disorder of the biliary tract. 
     
     
         11 . The method of  claim 6 , wherein the gastrointestinal disorder is a disorder of the Sphincter of Oddi. 
     
     
         12 . A method for treating post-prandial hyperglycemia, post-prandial dumping syndrome, impaired glucose tolerance, ingestion of a toxin, or a gastrointestinal spasm in a patient in need thereof comprising administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of an exendin or an exendin agonist analog to treat the patient for post-prandial hyperglycemia, post-prandial dumping syndrome, impaired glucose tolerance, ingestion of a toxin, or the gastrointestinal spasm. 
     
     
         13 . The method of  claim 12 , wherein the exendin or the exendin agonist analog is a peptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1, 2, or 37. 
     
     
         14 . The method of  claim 12 , wherein the exendin or the exendin agonist analog is a peptide having at least 90% sequence similarity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2. 
     
     
         15 . The method of  claim 12 , wherein the exendin or the exendin agonist analog is a peptide comprising the amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 5-35. 
     
     
         16 . The method of  claim 12 , wherein the exendin or the exendin agonist analog is a peptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5, 6, 17, 18, 19, 22, 24, 31, 32, or 35. 
     
     
         17 . The method of  claim 12 , wherein the gastrointestinal disorder is a spasm. 
     
     
         18 . The method of  claim 12 , wherein the gastrointestinal disorder is associated with acute diverticulitis. 
     
     
         19 . The method of  claim 12 , wherein the gastrointestianl disorders is a disorder of the biliary tract. 
     
     
         20 . The method of  claim 12 , wherein the gastrointestinal disorder is a disorder of the Sphincter of Oddi.