Personal Spirometer

Abstract

A portable hand-held spirometer is disclosed for use in taking respiratory tests and storing and displaying test results. The configuration of the spirometer includes handgrips that are positioned to ensure that the user is properly positioned to provide maximum breathing required for valid test results to be obtained. The spirometer also includes a progressively illuminated indicator that can be viewed by the user during a test to provide an indication in real-time to the user of the expected/desired duration of the exhalation or inhalation test. The indicator is completely illuminated only when the measured accumulated volume of air passing through the spirometer equals a predicted volume determined based on the age, gender, height, weight and ethnicity of the user stored in the spirometer. The structures and arrangement of a turbine assembly and sensors is also disclosed. Further, a method of receiving, storing and displaying information on the spirometer via a color touch screen display is also disclosed.

1 . A portable, hand-held personal spirometer, comprising:
 a casework housing having front and rear panels, proximal and distal ends, and opposite side edges;   an opposed pair of handgrips formed by said housing at said opposite side edges;   a pair of finger-receiving throughholes extending through said housing adjacent each of said handgrips permitting each of said handgrips to be gripped by a hand of a user such that the hand of the user is able to fully encircle, extend around, and gird said handgrip;   an air flow tube mounted to said housing and extending underneath said front panel across said housing in a direction from said proximal end to said distal end, said air flow tube being located centrally between said opposed pair of handgrips and being spaced from each of said handgrips; and   a mouthpiece connected to said air flow tube and extending from said proximal end of said housing.   
     
     
         2 . A portable, hand-held spirometer according to  claim 1 , wherein each of said air flow tube and said handgrips is elongate and has a central longitudinally-extending axis, and wherein said central longitudinally-extending axis of said air flow tube is substantially coplanar with said central longitudinally-extending axes of said handgrips. 
     
     
         3 . A portable, hand-held spirometer according to  claim 2 , wherein said central longitudinally-extending axis of said air flow tube and said central longitudinally-extending axes of said handgrips are substantially parallel. 
     
     
         4 . A portable, hand-held spirometer according to  claim 3 , wherein each of said handgrips includes an outer covering of an elastically-deformable, squeezable material. 
     
     
         5 . A portable, hand-held spirometer according to  claim 1 , further comprising an electronic display screen mounted on said front panel above said air flow tube and between said pair of finger-receiving throughholes. 
     
     
         6 . A portable, hand-held spirometer according to  claim 5 , wherein said display screen is a color touch screen LCD display. 
     
     
         7 . A portable, hand-held spirometer according to  claim 1 , further comprising an accumulated volume indicator on said front panel of said housing in a position viewable by the user when taking a respiratory test, said indicator progressively becoming illuminated along its length during a respiratory test based on an amount of accumulated volume of air passing through said air flow tube measured in real-time by the spirometer such that said indicator becomes fully illuminated when the accumulated volume of air measured in real-time by the spirometer equals a Predicted Forced Vital Capacity (PFVC) or a Predicted Inspiratory Vital Capacity (PIVC) of the user. 
     
     
         8 . A portable, hand-held spirometer according to  claim 7 , further comprising a microprocessor that is mounted within said housing, receives information concerning the flow of air through said air flow tube during a respiratory test, determines values for said PFVC or PIVC based on information of the user's age, gender, height, weight and ethnicity, and controls illumination of said indicator based on a calculated percentage of said PFVC or PIVC formed by the accumulated volume of air measured in real-time by the spirometer during a respiratory test. 
     
     
         9 . A portable, hand-held spirometer according to  claim 7 , further comprising a speaker that provides an audible indication to the user during a respiratory test concerning the amount of accumulated volume of air passing through said air flow tube measured in real-time by the spirometer 
     
     
         10 . A portable, hand-held spirometer according to  claim 1 , further comprising a turbine assembly within said air flow tube, said turbine assembly including a vane mounted for spinning rotation in said air flow tube, said vane being caused to rotate by air flowing through said air flow tube and a speed of rotation of said vane corresponding to a speed of air flowing through said air flow tube at any instance in time. 
     
     
         11 . A portable, hand-held spirometer according to  claim 10 , further comprising a pair of sensors arranged on opposite sides of said air flow tube adjacent said vane, one of said pair of sensors being a transmitter for directing a beam of electromagnetic radiation transversely across and through said air flow tube such that the beam is interruptible by rotation of said vane, and the other of said sensors being a receiver for detecting whether or not the beam passes by said vane at any point in time, said receiver generating and outputting an electronic digital signal corresponding to when the beam was received and when the beam was interrupted throughout a duration of a respiratory test. 
     
     
         12 . A portable, hand-held spirometer according to  claim 11 , wherein said transmitter is a diode, said receiver is a phototransistor, and said electromagnetic radiation is infrared radiation. 
     
     
         13 . A portable, hand-held spirometer according to  claim 12 , further comprising a shroud extending in front of each of said sensors and having a narrow opening limiting the beam of infrared radiation to a narrow spherical cone with a predetermined effective angle and limiting the receipt of reflections by the receiver. 
     
     
         14 . A personal spirometer, comprising:
 a portable, hand-held casework housing having front and rear panels, proximal and distal ends, and opposite side edges, said housing forming an opposed pair of handgrips at said opposite side edges and a pair of finger-receiving throughholes extending through said housing adjacent each of said handgrips permitting each of said handgrips to be gripped by a hand of a user such that the hand of the user is able to fully encircle, extend around, and gird said handgrip;   an air flow tube mounted to said housing and extending underneath said front panel across said housing in a direction from said proximal end to said distal end and being located centrally between said opposed pair of handgrips;   a mouthpiece connected to said air flow tube and extending from said proximal end of said housing;   an electronic touch screen display mounted on said front panel above said air flow tube and between said pair of finger-receiving throughholes;   an accumulated volume indicator on said front panel in a position viewable by the user when taking a respiratory test, said indicator progressively becoming illuminated during a respiratory test based on an amount of accumulated volume of air passing through said air flow tube measured in real-time by the spirometer such that said indicator becomes fully illuminated when the accumulated volume of air measured in real-time by the spirometer equals a Predicted Forced Vital Capacity (PFVC) or a Predicted Inspiratory Vital Capacity (PIVC) of the user; and   a microprocessor mounted within said housing, said microprocessor automatically determining values for said PFVC or PIVC based on information of the user's age, gender, height, weight and ethnicity and automatically controlling illumination of said indicator based on a calculated percentage of said PFVC or PIVC formed by the accumulated volume of air measured in real-time by the spirometer during a respiratory test.   
     
     
         15 . A spirometer according to  claim 14 , wherein each of said air flow tube and said handgrips is elongate and has a central longitudinally-extending axis, wherein said central longitudinally-extending axis of said air flow tube is substantially coplanar with said central longitudinally-extending axes of said handgrips, wherein said central longitudinally-extending axis of said air flow tube and said central longitudinally-extending axes of said handgrips are substantially parallel, and wherein each of said handgrips includes an outer covering of an elastically deformable squeezable material. 
     
     
         16 . A spirometer according to  claim 15 , further comprising:
 a turbine assembly including a vane mounted for spinning rotation in said air flow tube, said vane being caused to rotate by air flowing through said air flow tube and a speed of rotation of said vane corresponding to a speed of air flowing through said air flow tube at any instance in time; and   a pair of sensors arranged on opposite sides of said air flow tube adjacent said vane, one of said pair of sensors being a transmitter for directing a beam of electromagnetic radiation transversely across and through said air flow tube such that the beam is interruptible by rotation of said vane, and the other of said sensors being a receiver for detecting whether or not the beam passes by said vane at any point in time;   an electronic digital signal corresponding to when the beam was received by said receiver and when the beam was interrupted throughout duration of a respiratory test being generated by said receiver and is communicated to said microprocessor for calculating the accumulated volume of air flow.   
     
     
         17 . A spirometer according to  claim 16 , further comprising a shroud extending in front of each of said sensors and having a narrow opening limiting the beam to a narrow spherical cone with a predetermined effective angle and restricting receipt of the beam to an angle that reduces receipt of reflections. 
     
     
         18 . A method of receiving, processing and displaying information on a portable, hand-held personal spirometer, comprising the steps of:
 storing information concerning the age, gender, height, weight and ethnicity of a user on a microcontroller unit contained within the spirometer with data entry via a color touch-screen display of the spirometer;   scheduling and storing alarms in the microcontroller unit with data entry via the color touch-screen display with respect to date and time of day when respiratory tests should be taken by the user and when medications should be taken by the user;   automatically issuing alarms via the microcontroller unit from the spirometer to remind the user of scheduled respiratory tests and times to take medication;   measuring air flow through an air flow tube of the spirometer in real-time during a respiratory test and providing via sensors an electronic digital signal to the microcontroller unit with respect to measured air flow;   calculating and storing values within the microcontroller unit of different test parameters provided by the respiratory test results; and   displaying information concerning test results and test result trends in numerical data form and graphical form to the user via the color touch screen display, the particular test parameters, test results, test result trends and display format being selectable by the user via use of the touch screen display.   
     
     
         19 . A method according to  claim 18 , further comprising the step of displaying a home page display on the touch screen display having a plurality of icons that, when activated by being touched by the user, activate a function of the spirometer, the functions including uploading data to a host computer, running a respiratory test, viewing test result trends, managing medications, and setting alarms. 
     
     
         20 . A method according to  claim 18 , wherein the microcontroller unit determines predicted values of the test parameters based on the stored information of the user's age, gender, height, weight and ethnicity, determines and displays a percentage of the predicted value for each test parameter measured, and determines and displays a severity of each test parameter measured. 
     
     
         21 . A method according to  claim 20 , wherein, when test results are displayed on the touch screen display, the test results are color-coded such that any test result determined to be of high severity by the microcontroller unit is automatically displayed in red or in flashing red to alert the user of the high severity of the test result. 
     
     
         22 . A method according to  claim 18 , further comprising the step of managing medicines via the touch-screen display, including displaying a scrollable list of prescribed medicines along with dosage and start and end dates stored by the microcontroller unit, selecting a particular medicine on the display screen so that the microcontroller unit automatically displays scheduled times and dates to take the medicine, entering a new medication to the list of prescribed medicines, checking the medication schedule, viewing the medication history for medications already taken, and logging an entry with respect to providing an acknowledgement that a medication was taken.