Chromophore and polymer capable of detecting the presence of various neurotoxins and method of use

Abstract

Applicants have produced a chromophore and a polymer that are highly sensitive to the presence of various agents, including organophosphates, pesticides, neurotoxins, metal ions, some explosives, and biological toxins. The detection is accomplished by detecting a change in the fluorescence characteristics of the chromophore or polymer when in the presence of the agent to be detected. The chromophore and polymer may be incorporated into sensors of various types, and they are adaptable for potential field use in areas where detection of these types of agents is desired.

1 - 15 . (canceled) 
     
     
         16 . A method of detecting a harmful compound comprising:
 contacting a polymer comprising a structure selected from the group consisting of
 (a) -(-PZ-PPP-) n -, 
 (b) -(-PZ-Ar-) n -, and 
 (c) -(-PZ-PPP-Ph-) n -, 
   wherein PZ is amino pyrazine, pyrazine, amino pyridine, or any amine-containing aromatic moiety; PPP is poly paraphenylene; Ar is thiophene, pyridine, bipyridine, or any heteroaromatic system; Ph is phenyl or an Ar group; and n is an integer between 1 and 100,   with a substance suspected of containing a halogen-substituted compound;   allowing the polymer to contact the substance for a time period sufficient for the polymer to bind a halogen-substituted compound that may be present; and   monitoring the polymer to determine whether there is a change in the fluorescence characteristics of the polymer.   
     
     
         17 . The method of  claim 16  wherein the substance is an organophosphate selected from the group consisting of sarin, cyclosarin, soman, tabun, diisopropylfluorophosphate, diethylchlorophosphate, VE, VG, VM, VX, metrifionate, pyridostigmine, and physostigmine. 
     
     
         18 . The method of  claim 16  wherein the substance is a plastic explosive or trinitrotoluene. 
     
     
         19 . The method of  claim 16  wherein the substance is a metal ion selected from the group consisting of iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, a transition metal ion, and a main group metal ion. 
     
     
         20 . The method of  claim 16  wherein the polymer is monitored to detect a loss of the polymer's fluorescence in the presence of ultraviolet light. 
     
     
         21 . The method of  claim 16  wherein the polymer is monitored by noting a change in the electrical activity of the polymer. 
     
     
         22 . The method of  claim 16  wherein a halogen-substituted compound that is present is detected in a time period of less than five seconds. 
     
     
         23 . A method of detecting a harmful compound comprising:
 contacting a chromophore comprising the following structure:   
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           wherein R is H, NH 2 , an aliphatic chain, or an amino group, 
         
         with a substance suspected of containing a compound having a substituent selected from the group consisting of halogen, methoxy, and combinations thereof; 
         allowing the chromophore to contact the substance for a time period sufficient for the polymer to bind a compound that may be present; and 
         monitoring the chromophore to determine whether there is a change in the fluorescence characteristics of the chromophore. 
       
     
     
         24 . The method of  claim 23  wherein the compound is an organophosphate selected from the group consisting of sarin, cyclosarin, soman, tabun, diisopropylfluorophosphate, diethylchlorophosphate, VE, VG, VM, VX, metrifionate, pyridostigmine, and physostigmine. 
     
     
         25 . The method of  claim 23  wherein the compound is a plastic explosive or trinitrotoluene. 
     
     
         26 . The method of  claim 23  wherein the compound is a metal ion selected from the group consisting of iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, a transition metal ion, and a main group metal ion. 
     
     
         27 . The method of  claim 23  wherein the chromophore is monitored by noting the presence of fluorescence of the chromophore under ultraviolet light. 
     
     
         28 . The method of  claim 23  wherein the compound is monitored by noting a change in the electrical activity of the chromophore. 
     
     
         29 . The method of  claim 23  wherein a compound having a substituent selected from the group consisting of methoxy, halogen, or both is detected in a time period of less than five seconds. 
     
     
         30 . A method of detecting a harmful compound comprising:
 contacting a composition comprising a polymer comprising:   a structure selected from the group consisting of
 (a) -(-PZ-PPP-) n -, 
 (b) -(-PZ-Ar-) n -, and 
 (c) -(-PZ-PPP-Ph-) n -, 
   wherein PZ is amino pyrazine, pyrazine, amino pyridine, or any amine-containing aromatic moiety; PPP is poly paraphenylene; Ar is thiophene, pyridine, bipyridine, or any heteroaromatic system; Ph is phenyl or an Ar group; and n is an integer between 1 and 100,   and a chromophore comprising the following structure:   
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           wherein R is H, NH 2 , an aliphatic chain, or an amino group, 
         
         with a substance suspected of containing a compound having a substituent selected from the group consisting of halogen, methoxy, and combinations thereof; 
         allowing the composition to contact the substance for a time period sufficient for at least one of the polymer or the chromophore to bind a compound that may be present; and 
         monitoring the composition to determine whether there is a change in the fluorescence characteristics of the chromophore. 
       
     
     
         31 - 37 . (canceled)