US2012107275A1PendingUtilityA1

Fused heterocyclic derivatives and methods of use

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Assignee: ALBRECHT BRIAN KPriority: Jul 14, 2006Filed: Dec 12, 2011Published: May 3, 2012
Est. expiryJul 14, 2026(~0 yrs left)· nominal 20-yr term from priority
A61P 37/00A61P 5/00C07D 495/04C07D 498/04C07D 519/00A61P 3/00A61P 35/00C07D 471/04A61P 31/00C07D 487/04C07D 493/04
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Claims

Abstract

Selected compounds are effective for prophylaxis and treatment of diseases, such as HGF mediated diseases. The invention encompasses novel compounds, analogs, prodrugs and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, pharmaceutical compositions and methods for prophylaxis and treatment of diseases and other maladies or conditions involving, cancer and the like. The subject invention also relates to processes for making such compounds as well as to intermediates useful in such processes.

Claims

exact text as granted — not AI-modified
1 . A compound of formula I, II, III, IV, V, VI or VII 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         or an enantiomer, a diastereomer, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or a solvate thereof 
         wherein 
         J is N or CR 3 ; 
         W is N or CR 2b ; 
         W* is N or CR 2b ; 
         X is O or S; 
         Z and Z* are independently —O—, —S(O) v —, or —NR 5 —; 
         R a , R b , R c  and R d  are each independently H, halo, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocyclo, aryl, heteroaryl, —NO 2 , —CN, —NR 5 R 5a , —OR 4 , —C(═O)R 4 , —C(═O)OR 4 ; —C(═O)NR 5 R 5a , —N(R 5 )C(═O)NR 5 R 5a , —OC(═O)NR 5 R 5a , —S(O) v R 4 , —S(O) 2 NR 5 R 5a , —N(R 5 )SO 2 R 4  any of which may be optionally independently substituted with one or more R 10  groups as allowed by valance; 
         or R a  and R b  together with the carbon atom to which they are bonded may combine to form a 3-10 membered cycloalkyl, a 3-10membered cycloalkenyl ring, or a heterocyclo ring, any of which may be optionally substituted with one or more R 10  groups as allowed by valance; 
         or R c  and R d  together with the carbon atom to which they are bonded may combine to form a 3-10 membered cycloalkyl, a 3-10membered cycloalkenyl ring, or a heterocyclo ring, any of which may be optionally substituted with one or more R 10  groups as allowed by valance; 
         or R a  and/or R b  may combine with any R c  or R d  to form a partially or fully saturated 3-8 membered cycloalkyl ring or heterocyclo ring, either of which may be optionally substituted with one or more R 10  groups as allowed by valance; 
         or R a  and R b  may combine to form a carbonyl group; 
         or R c  and R d  attached to the same carbon atom may combine to form a carbonyl group; 
         R 1  is aryl, heteroaryl or heterocyclo any of which may be optionally independently substituted with one or more R 10  groups as allowed by valance; 
         R 2  is
 (i) H, halo, cyano, nitro, or 
 (ii) alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocyclo, aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, —OR 4 , —S(O) v R 4 , —NR 5 R 5a , —C(═O)R 4 , —C(═S)R 4 , —C(═O)OR 4 , —C(═S)OR 4 , —C(═O)NR 5 R 5a , —C(═S)NR 5 R 5a , —N(R 5 )C(═O)NR 5 R 5a , —N(R 5 )C(═S)NR 5 R 5a , —N(R 5 )C(═O)R 4 , —N(R 5 )C(═S)R 4 , —OC(═O)NR 5 R 5a , —OC(═S)NR 5 R 5a , —SO 2 NR 5 R 5a , —N(R 5 )SO 2 R 4 , —N(R 5 )SO 2 NR 5 R 5a , —N(R 5 )C(═O)OR 4 , —N(R 5 )C(═S)OR 4 , —N(R 5 )SO 2 R 4 , any of which may be optionally independently substituted with one or more R 10  as allowed by valance, 
 
         provided that in compounds of formula I when W and J are both N, R 2  is other than 
         (c) —NR 5 R 5a  where R 5  and R 5a  are independently H, alkyl, haloalkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclo, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, and cycloalkylalkyl; and 
         (d) phenyl substituted with a group 
       
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       where G 1  and G 2  are independently alkyl, cycloalkyl, or G 1  and G 2  together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached combine to form a 5- to 8-membered heterocyclo ring;
 R 2a , R 2b  and R 3  are independently selected at each occurrence from H, halo, cyano, nitro, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocyclo, aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, —S(O) v R 4 , —NR 5 R 5a , —C(═O)R 4 , —C(═S)R 4 , —C(═O)OR 4 , —C(═S)OR 4 , —C(═O)NR 5 R 5a , —C(═S)NR 5 R 5a , —N(R 5 )C(═O)NR 5 R 5a , —N(R 5 )C(═S)NR 5 R 5a , —N(R 5 )C(═O)R 4 , —N(R 5 )C(═S)R 4 , —OC(═O)NR 5 R 5a , —OC(═S)NR 5 R 5a , —SO 2 NR 5 R 5a , —N(R 5 )SO 2 R 4 , —N(R 5 )SO 2 NR 5 R 5a , —N(R 5 )C(═O)OR 4 , —N(R 5 )C(═S)OR 4 , —N(R 5 )SO 2 R 4 , any of which may be optionally independently substituted with one or more R 10  groups as allowed by valance; 
 R 4  is independently selected at each occurrence from H, alkyl, haloalkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclo, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, and cycloalkylalkyl, any of which may be optionally independently substituted as allowed by valance with one or more R 10  groups; 
 R 5  and R 5a  are independently selected at each occurrence from H, alkyl, haloalkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclo, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, and cycloalkylalkyl, any of which may be optionally substituted as allowed by valance with one or more R 10 ; 
 or R 5  and R 5a  may combine to form a heterocyclo ring optionally substituted with one or more R 10 ; 
 R 10  at each occurrence is independently, halo, cyano, nitro, oxo, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocyclo, aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, -(alkylene) m -OR 4 , -(alkylene) m -S(O) v R 4 , -(alkylene) m -NR 5 R 5a , -(alkylene) m -C(═O)R 4 , -(alkylene) m -C(═S)R 4 , -(alkylene) m -C(═O)OR 4 , -(alkylene) m -OC(═O)R 4 , -(alkylene) m -C(═S)OR 4 , -(alkylene) m -C(═O)NR 5 R 5a , -(alkylene) m -C(═S)NR 5 R 5a , -(alkylene) m -N(R 5 )C(═O)NR 5 R 5a , -(alkylene) m -N(R 5 )C(═S)NR 5 R 5a , -(alkylene) m -N(R 5 )C(═O)R 4 , -(alkylene) m -N(R 5 )C(═S)R 4 , -(alkylene) m -OC(═O)NR 5 R 5a , -(alkylene) m -OC(═S)NR 5 R 5a , -(alkylene) m -SO 2 NR 5 R 5a , -(alkylene) m -N(R 5 )SO 2 R 4 , -(alkylene) m -N(R 5 )SO 2 NR 5 R 5a , -(alkylene) m -N(R 5 )C(═O)OR 4 , -(alkylene) m -N(R 5 )C(═S)OR 4 , or -(alkylene) m -N(R 5 )SO 2 R 4 ; 
 wherein said alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocyclo, aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, and heterocycloalkyl groups may be further independently substituted with one or more -(alkylene) m -OR 4 , -(alkylene) m -S(O) v R 4 , -(alkylene) m -NR 5 R 5a , -(alkylene) m -C(═O)R 4 , -(alkylene) m -C(═S)R 4 , -(alkylene) m -C(═O)OR 4 , -(alkylene) m -OC(═O)R 4 , -(alkylene) m -C(═S)OR 4 , -(alkylene) m -C(═O)NR 5 R 5a , -(alkylene) m -C(═S)NR 5 R 5a , -(alkylene) m -N(R 5 )C(═O)NR 5 R 5a , -(alkylene) m -N(R 5 )C(═S)NR 5 R 5a , -(alkylene) m -N(R 5 )C(═O)R 4 , -(alkylene) m -N(R 5 )C(═S)R 4 , -(alkylene) m -OC(═O)NR 5 R 5a , -(alkylene) m -OC(═S)NR 5 R 5a , -(alkylene) m -SO 2 NR 5 R 5a , -(alkylene) m -N(R 5 )SO 2 R 4 , -(alkylene) m -N(R 5 )SO 2 NR 5 R 5a , -(alkylene) m -N(R 5 )C(═O)OR 4 , -(alkylene) m -N(R 5 )C(═S)OR 4 , or -(alkylene) m -N(R 5 )SO 2 R 4 ; 
 and further wherein any two R 10  groups attached to the same atom or attached to adjacent atoms may combine to form an optionally substituted 3- to 8 membered ring system; 
 m is 0 or 1; 
 n is 0, 1 or 2; 
 q and t are each independently 0 or 1; 
 v is 0, 1 or 2. 
 
     
     
         2 . A compound of  claim 1  wherein R 1  is phenyl, naphthyl, benzodioxolyl, benzooxazolyl, benzoisoxazolyl, pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazidinyl, isoquinolinyl, quinolinyl, quinazolinyl, quinazolinonyl, quinoxalinyl, naphthyridinyl, benzotriazinyl, triazolopyridinyl, triazolopyrimidinyl, triazolopyridazinyl, imidazopyridinyl, imidazopyrimidinyl, imidazopyridazinyl, pyrrolopyridinyl, pyrrolopyrimidinyl, pyrrolopyridazinyl, pyrazolopyridinyl, pyrazolopyrimidinyl, pyrazolopyridazinyl, cinnolinyl, thienopyridinyl, thienopyrimidinyl, thienopyridazinyl, furopyridinyl, furopyrimidinyl, furopyrazidinyl, benzofuranyl, benzoimidazolyl, indolyl, benzoisoxazolyl, benzothiazolyl, or benzoisothiazolyl any of which may be optionally independently substituted with one or more R 10  groups as allowed by valance. 
     
     
         3 . A compound of  claim 2  wherein R 2  is H, halo, cyano, alkynyl, —C(═O)NR 5 R 5a , —N(R 5 )C(═O)R 4 , —N(R 5 )C(═O)OR 4 , phenyl, naphthyl, pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, furanyl, thienyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, pyridinyl, tetrahydropyridinyl, pyridinonyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, indolyl, isoindolyl, indolinyl, indolinonyl, isoidolinyl, isoindolinonyl, dihydrobenzofuranyl, dihydroisobenzofuranyl, benzofuranyl, isobenzofuranyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, quinazolinyl, quinazolinonyl, tetrahydroquinolinyl, tetrahydroisoquinolinyl, dihydroquinolinonyl, dihydroisoquinolinonyl, quinoxalinyl, tetrahydroquinoxalinyl, benzomorpholinyl, dihydrobenzodioxinyl, imidazopyridinyl, naphthyridinyl, benzotriazinyl, triazolopyridinyl, triazolopyrimidinyl, triazolopyridazinyl, imidazopyridinyl, imidazopyrimidinyl, imidazopyridazinyl, pyrrolopyridinyl, pyrrolopyrimidinyl, pyrrolopyridazinyl, pyrazolopyridinyl, pyrazolopyrimidinyl, pyrazolopyridazinyl, cinnolinyl, thienopyrrolyl, tetrahydrothienopyrrolyl, dihydrothienopyrrolonyl, thienopyridinyl, thienopyrimidinyl, thienopyridazinyl, furopyridinyl, furopyrimidinyl, furopyrazidinyl, benzofuranyl, benzoimidazolyl, benzoisoxazolyl, benzothiazolyl, or benzoisothiazolyl any of which may be optionally independently substituted with one or more R 10  groups as allowed by valance. 
     
     
         4 . A compound of  claim 1  wherein R 1  is selected from 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         where m* is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, as allowed by valence. 
       
     
     
         5 . A compound of  claim 3  wherein R 2  is
 (a) halo, alkynyl, —C(═O)NR 5 R 5a , —N(R 5 )C(═O)R 4  or —N(R 5 )C(═O)OR 4  any of which may be optionally independently substituted with one or more R 10  groups as allowed by valance; or 
 (b) an aryl, heteroaryl or heterocyclo ring system selected from 
 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       where m* is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, as allowed by valence. 
     
     
         6 . A compound of any of  claim 1  having a formula IA, IB, IC, ID, or IIA 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         or an enantiomer, a diastereomer, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof 
       
     
     
         7 . A compound of  claim 6  wherein R 1  groups are either unsubstituted or independently substituted as allowed by valance with one or more halo, cyano, nitro, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkyl, -(alkylene) m -OR 4 , -(alkylene) m -NR 5 R 5a , -(alkylene) m -C(═O)R 4 , -(alkylene) m -C(═O)OR 4 , -(alkylene) m -OC(═O)R 4 , -(alkylene) m -C(═O)NR 5 R 5a , -(alkylene) m -N(R 5 )C(═O)NR 5 R 5a , -(alkylene) m -N(R 5 )C(═O)R 4 , -(alkylene) m -OC(═O)NR 5 R 5a , or -(alkylene) m -N(R 5 )C(═O)OR 4 . 
     
     
         8 . A compound of  claim 7  wherein R 1  groups are selected from 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         where R 10a , R 10b , R 10y  and R 10z  are independently absent, halo, cyano, nitro, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkyl, -(alkylene) m -OR 4 , -(alkylene) m -NR 5 R 5a , -(alkylene) m -C(═O)R 4 , -(alkylene) m -C(═O)OR 4 , -(alkylene) m -OC(═O)R 4 , -(alkylene) m -C(═O)NR 5 R 5a , -(alkylene) m -N(R 5 )C(═O)NR 5 R 5a , -(alkylene) m -N(R 5 )C(═O)R 4 , -(alkylene) m -OC(═O)NR 5 R 5a , or -(alkylene) m -N(R 5 )C(═O)OR 4 ; 
         or where R 10a  and R 10b  combine to form an optionally substituted 3- to 8-membered ring system. 
       
     
     
         9 . A compound of  claim 8  wherein R 1  is 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
     
     
         10 . A compound having the following formula IE, IF, IIB or IIC 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         or an enantiomer, a diastereomer, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof wherein 
         q is 0, 1, 2 or 3; 
         n* is 0, 1 or 2; 
         t* is 0 or 1 
         U 1 , U 2 , U 3  and U 4  are each independently C, or N; 
         Z* is —O—, —S(O) v , or —NH; 
         R a , R b , R c  and R d  are each independently H, halo, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocyclo, aryl, heteroaryl, —NO 2 , —CN, —NR 5 R 5a , —OR 4 , —C(═O)R 4 , —C(═O)OR 4 ; —C(═O)NR 5 R 5a , —N(R 5 )C(═O)NR 5 R 5a , —OC(═O)NR 5 R 5a , —S(O) v R 4 , —S(O) 2 NR 5 R 5a , —N(R 5 )SO 2 R 4  any of which may be optionally independently substituted with one or more R 10  groups as allowed by valance; 
         or R a  and R b  together with the carbon atom to which they are bonded may combine to form a 3-10 membered cycloalkyl, a 3-10membered cycloalkenyl ring, or a heterocyclo ring, any of which may be optionally substituted with one or more R 10  groups as allowed by valance; 
         or R c  and R d  together with the carbon atom to which they are bonded may combine to form a 3-10 membered cycloalkyl, a 3-10membered cycloalkenyl ring, or a heterocyclo ring, any of which may be optionally substituted with one or more R 10  groups as allowed by valance; 
         or R a  and/or R b  may combine with any R c  or R d  to form a partially or fully saturated 3-8 membered cycloalkyl ring or heterocyclo ring, either of which may be optionally substituted with one or more R 10  groups as allowed by valance; 
         or R a  and R b  may combine to form a carbonyl group; 
         or R c  and R d  attached to the same carbon atom may combine to form a carbonyl group; 
         R 2  is
 (i) H, halo, cyano, nitro, or 
 (ii) alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocyclo, aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, —OR 4 , —S(O) v R 4 , —C(═O)R 4 , —C(═S)R 4 , —C(═O)OR 4 , —C(═S)OR 4 , —C(═O)NR 5 R 5a , —C(═S)NR 5 R 5a , —N(R 5 )C(═O)NR 5 R 5a , —N(R 5 )C(═S)NR 5 R 5a , —N(R 5 )C(═O)R 4 , —N(R 5 )C(═S)R 4 , —OC(═O)NR 5 R 5a , —OC(═S)NR 5 R 5a , —SO 2 NR 5 R 5a , —N(R 5 )SO 2 R 4 , —N(R 5 )SO 2 NR 5 R 5a , —N(R 5 )C(═O)OR 4 , —N(R 5 )C(═S)OR 4 , —N(R 5 )SO 2 R 4 , any of which may be optionally independently substituted with one or more R 10  as allowed by valance, 
 
         provided that in compounds of formula IE, R 2  is not a phenyl substituted with a group 
       
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       where G 1  and G 2  are independently alkyl, cycloalkyl, or G 1  and G 2  together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached combine to form a 5- to 8-membered heterocyclo ring;
 R 2a  and R 2b  are independently selected from H, halo, alkyl, haloalkyl, cyano, nitro, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino and alkoxy; 
 R 4  is independently selected at each occurrence from H, alkyl, haloalkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclo, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, and cycloalkylalkyl, any of which may be optionally independently substituted as allowed by valance with one or more R 10  groups; 
 R 5  and R 5a  are independently selected at each occurrence from H, alkyl, haloalkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclo, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, and cycloalkylalkyl, any of which may be optionally substituted as allowed by valance with one or more R 10 ;
 or R 5  and R 5a  may combine to form a heterocyclo ring optionally substituted with one or more R 10 ; 
 
 R 10  and R 10c  at each occurrence are independently, halo, cyano, nitro, oxo, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocyclo, aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, -(alkylene) m -OR 4 , -(alkylene) m -S(O) v R 4 , -(alkylene) m -NR 5 R 5a , -(alkylene) m -C(═O)R 4 , -(alkylene) m -C(═S)R 4 , -(alkylene) m -C(═O)OR 4 , -(alkylene) m -OC(═O)R 4 , -(alkylene) m -C(═S)OR 4 , -(alkylene) m C(═O)NR 5 R 5a , -(alkylene) m C(═S)NR 5 R 5a , -(alkylene) m -N(R 5 )C(═O)NR 5 R 5a , -(alkylene) m -N(R 5 )C(═S)NR 5 R 5a , -(alkylene) m -N(R 5 )C(═O)R 4 , -(alkylene) m -N(R 5 )C(═S)R 4 , -(alkylene) m -OC(═O)NR 5 R 5a , -(alkylene) m -OC(═S)NR 5 R 5a , -(alkylene) m -SO 2 NR 5 R 5a , -(alkylene) m -N(R 5 )SO 2 R 4 , -(alkylene) m -N(R 5 )SO 2 NR 5 R 5a , -(alkylene) m -N(R 5 )C(═O)OR 4 , -(alkylene) m -N(R 5 )C(═S)OR 4 , or -(alkylene) m -N(R 5 )SO 2 R 4 ; 
 wherein said alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocyclo, aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, and heterocycloalkyl groups may be further independently substituted with one or more -(alkylene) m -OR 4 , -(alkylene) m -S(O) v R 4 , -(alkylene) m -NR 5 R 5a , -(alkylene) m -C(═O)R 4 , -(alkylene) m -C(═S)R 4 , -(alkylene) m -C(═O)OR 4 , -(alkylene) m -OC(═O)R 4 , -(alkylene) m -C(═S)OR 4 , -(alkylene) m -C(═O)NR 5 R 5a , -(alkylene) m -C(═S)NR 5 R 5a , -(alkylene) m -N(R 5 )C(═O)NR 5 R 5a , -(alkylene) m -N(R 5 )C(═S)NR 5 R 5a , -(alkylene) m -N(R 5 )C(═O)R 4 , -(alkylene) m -N(R 5 )C(═S)R 4 , -(alkylene) m -OC(═O)NR 5 R 5a , -(alkylene) m -OC(═S)NR 5 R 5a , -(alkylene) m -SO 2 NR 5 R 5a , -(alkylene) m -N(R 5 )SO 2 R 4 , -(alkylene) m -N(R 5 )SO 2 NR 5 R 5a , -(alkylene) m -N(R 5 )C(═O)OR 4 , -(alkylene) m -N(R 5 )C(═S)OR 4 , or -(alkylene) m -N(R 5 )SO 2 R 4 ; 
 v is 0, 1 or 2. 
 
     
     
         11 . A compound of  claim 10  having formula IEi, IEii, IEiii, IEiv, IFi, IFii, IFiii or IFiv 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         or an enantiomer, a diastereomer, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof. 
       
     
     
         12 . A compound of  claim 11  wherein R 2  is H, halo, cyano, alkynyl, —C(═O)NR 5 R 5a , —N(R 5 )C(═O)R 4 , —N(R 5 )C(═O)OR 4 , phenyl, naphthyl, pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, furanyl, thienyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, pyridinyl, tetrahydropyridinyl, pyridinonyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, indolyl, isoindolyl, indolinyl, indolinonyl, isoidolinyl, isoindolinonyl, dihydrobenzofuranyl, dihydroisobenzofuranyl, benzofuranyl, isobenzofuranyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, quinazolinyl, quinazolinonyl, tetrahydroquinolinyl, tetrahydroisoquinolinyl, dihydroquinolinonyl, dihydroisoquinolinonyl, quinoxalinyl, tetrahydroquinoxalinyl, benzomorpholinyl, dihydrobenzodioxinyl, imidazopyridinyl, naphthyridinyl, benzotriazinyl, triazolopyridinyl, triazolopyrimidinyl, triazolopyridazinyl, imidazopyridinyl, imidazopyrimidinyl, imidazopyridazinyl, pyrrolopyridinyl, pyrrolopyrimidinyl, pyrrolopyridazinyl, pyrazolopyridinyl, pyrazolopyrimidinyl, pyrazolopyridazinyl, cinnolinyl, thienopyrrolyl, tetrahydrothienopyrrolyl, dihydrothienopyrrolonyl, thienopyridinyl, thienopyrimidinyl, thienopyridazinyl, furopyridinyl, furopyrimidinyl, furopyrazidinyl, benzofuranyl, benzoimidazolyl, benzoisoxazolyl, benzothiazolyl, or benzoisothiazolyl any of which may be optionally independently substituted with one or more R 10  groups as allowed by valance. 
     
     
         13 . A compound of  claim 11  wherein R 2  is
 (a) halo, alkynyl, —C(═O)NR 5 R 5a , —N(R 5 )C(═O)R 4  or —N(R 5 )C(═O)OR 4  any of which may be optionally independently substituted with one or more R 10  groups as allowed by valance; or 
 (b) an aryl, heteroaryl or heterocyclo ring system selected from 
 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       where m* is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, as allowed by valence. 
     
     
         14 . A compound of  claim 13  wherein R 10c  at each occurrence is independently absent, halo, cyano, nitro, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkyl, -(alkylene) m -OR 4 , -(alkylene) m -NR 5 R 5a , -(alkylene) m -C(═O)R 4 , -(alkylene) m -C(═O)OR 4 , -(alkylene) m -OC(═O)R 4 , -(alkylene) m -C(═O)NR 5 R 5a , -(alkylene) m -N(R 5 )C(═O)NR 5 R 5a , -(alkylene) m -N(R 5 )C(═O)R 4 , -(alkylene) m -OC(═O)NR 5 R 5a , or -(alkylene) m -N(R 5 )C(═O)OR 4 . 
     
     
         15 . A compound of  claim 10  wherein n* is 0 or 1 and t* is 1; 
     
     
         16 . A compound of  claim 10  wherein n* is 1 and t* is 0. 
     
     
         17 . A compound of  claim 10  selected from 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. 
       
     
     
         18 . A compound of  claim 10  selected from 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. 
       
     
     
         19 . A compound of  claim 1  having the following formula IEA or IFA 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         or an enantiomer, a diastereomer or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof 
         wherein 
         q is 0, 1, 2 or 3; 
         n* is 0, 1 or 2; 
         t* is 0 or 1 
         U 1 , U 2 , U 3  and U 4  are each independently C, or N; 
         Z* is —O—, —S(O) v , or —NH; 
         R a , R b , R c  and R d  are each independently H, halo, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocyclo, aryl, heteroaryl, —NO 2 , —CN, —NR 5 R 5a , —OR 4 , —C(═O)R 4 , —C(═O)OR 4 ; —C(═O)NR 5 R 5a , —N(R 5 )C(═O)NR 5 R 5a , —OC(═O)NR 5 R 5a , —S(O) v R 4 , —S(O) 2 NR 5 R 5a , —N(R 5 )SO 2 R 4  any of which may be optionally independently substituted with one or more R 10  groups as allowed by valance; 
         or R a  and R b  together with the carbon atom to which they are bonded may combine to form a 3-10 membered cycloalkyl, a 3-10membered cycloalkenyl ring, or a heterocyclo ring, any of which may be optionally substituted with one or more R 10  groups as allowed by valance; 
         or R c  and R d  together with the carbon atom to which they are bonded may combine to form a 3-10 membered cycloalkyl, a 3-10membered cycloalkenyl ring, or a heterocyclo ring, any of which may be optionally substituted with one or more R 10  groups as allowed by valance; 
         or R a  and/or R b  may combine with any R c  or R d  to form a partially or fully saturated 3-8 membered cycloalkyl ring or heterocyclo ring, either of which may be optionally substituted with one or more R 10  groups as allowed by valance; 
         or R a  and R b  may combine to form a carbonyl group; 
         or R c  and R d  attached to the same carbon atom may combine to form a carbonyl group; 
         R 2  is
 (i) H, halo, cyano, nitro, or 
 (ii) alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocyclo, aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, —OR 4 , —S(O) v R 4 , —C(═O)R 4 , —C(═S)R 4 , —C(═O)OR 4 , —C(═S)OR 4 , —C(═O)NR 5 R 5a , —C(═S)NR 5 R 5a , —N(R 5 )C(═O)NR 5 R 5a , —N(R 5 )C(═S)NR 5 R 5a , —N(R 5 )C(═O)R 4 , —N(R 5 )C(═S)R 4 , —OC(═O)NR 5 R 5a , —OC(═S)NR 5 R 5a , —SO 2 NR 5 R 5a , —N(R 5 )SO 2 R 4 , —N(R 5 )SO 2 NR 5 R 5a , —N(R 5 )C(═O)OR 4 , —N(R 5 )C(═S)OR 4 , —N(R 5 )SO 2 R 4 , any of which may be optionally independently substituted with one or more R 10  as allowed by valance, 
 
         provided that in compounds of formula IEA, R 2  is not a phenyl substituted with a group 
       
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           where G 1  and G 2  are independently alkyl, cycloalkyl, or G 1  and G 2  together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached combine to form a 5- to 8-membered heterocyclo ring; 
         
         R 2a  and R 2b  are independently selected from H, halo, alkyl, haloalkyl, cyano, nitro, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino and alkoxy; 
         R 4  is independently selected at each occurrence from H, alkyl, haloalkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclo, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, and cycloalkylalkyl, any of which may be optionally independently substituted as allowed by valance with one or more R 10  groups; 
         R 5  and R 5a  are independently selected at each occurrence from H, alkyl, haloalkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclo, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, and cycloalkylalkyl, any of which may be optionally substituted as allowed by valance with one or more R 10 ;
 or R 5  and R 5a  may combine to form a heterocyclo ring optionally substituted with one or more R 10 ; 
 
         R 10  and R 10c  at each occurrence are independently, halo, cyano, nitro, oxo, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocyclo, aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, -(alkylene) m -OR 4 , -(alkylene) m -S(O) v R 4 , -(alkylene) m -NR 5 R 5a , -(alkylene) m -C(═O)R 4 , -(alkylene) m -C(═S)R 4 , -(alkylene) m -C(═O)OR 4 , -(alkylene) m -OC(═O)R 4 , -(alkylene) m -C(═S)OR 4 , -(alkylene) m -C(═O)NR 5 R 5a , -(alkylene) m -C(═S)NR 5 R 5a , -(alkylene) m -N(R 5 )C(═O)NR 5 R 5a , -(alkylene) m -N(R 5 )C(═S)NR 5 R 5a , -(alkylene) m -N(R 5 )C(═O)R 4 , -(alkylene) m -N(R 5 )C(═S)R 4 , -(alkylene) m -OC(═O)NR 5 R 5a , -(alkylene) m -OC(═S)NR 5 R 5a , -(alkylene) m -SO 2 NR 5 R 5a , -(alkylene) m -N(R 5 )SO 2 R 4 , -(alkylene) m -N(R 5 )SO 2 NR 5 R 5a , -(alkylene) m -N(R 5 )C(═O)OR 4 , -(alkylene) m -N(R 5 )C(═S)OR 4 , or -(alkylene) m -N(R 5 )SO 2 R 4 ; 
         wherein said alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocyclo, aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, and heterocycloalkyl groups may be further independently substituted with one or more -(alkylene) m -OR 4 , -(alkylene) m -S(O) v R 4 , -(alkylene) m -NR 5 R 5a , -(alkylene) m -C(═O)R 4 , -(alkylene) m -C(═S)R 4 , -(alkylene) m -C(═O)OR 4 , -(alkylene) m -OC(═O)R 4 , -(alkylene) m -C(═S)OR 4 , -(alkylene) m -C(═O)NR 5 R 5a , -(alkylene) m -C(═S)NR 5 R 5a , -(alkylene) m -N(R 5 )C(═O)NR 5 R 5a , -(alkylene) m -N(R 5 )C(═S)NR 5 R 5a , -(alkylene) m -N(R 5 )C(═O)R 4 , -(alkylene) m -N(R 5 )C(═S)R 4 , -(alkylene) m -OC(═O)NR 5 R 5a , -(alkylene) m -OC(═S)NR 5 R 5a , -(alkylene) m -SO 2 NR 5 R 5a , -(alkylene) m -N(R 5 )SO 2 R 4 , -(alkylene) m -N(R 5 )SO 2 NR 5 R 5a , -(alkylene) m -N(R 5 )C(═O)OR 4 , -(alkylene) m -N(R 5 )C(═S)OR 4 , or -(alkylene) m -N(R 5 )SO 2 R 4 ; 
         v is 0, 1 or 2. 
       
     
     
         20 . A compound of  claim 19  having formula IEAi, IEAii, IEAiii, IFAi, IFAii or IFAiii 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         or an enantiomer, a diastereomer or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. 
       
     
     
         21 . A compound of  claim 20  wherein R 2  is
 (a) halo, alkynyl, —C(═O)NR 5 R 5a , —N(R 5 )C(═O)R 4  or —N(R 5 )C(═O)OR 4  any of which may be optionally independently substituted with one or more R 10  groups as allowed by valance; or 
 (b) an aryl, heteroaryl or heterocyclo ring system selected from 
 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       where m* is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, as allowed by valence. 
     
     
         22 . A compound of  claim 21  wherein R 10c  at each occurrence is independently H, halo, cyano, nitro, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkyl, -(alkylene) m -OR 4 , -(alkylene) m -NR 5 R 5a , -(alkylene) m -C(═O)R 4 , -(alkylene) m -C(═O)OR 4 , -(alkylene) m -OC(═O)R 4 , -(alkylene) m -C(═O)NR 5 R 5a , -(alkylene) m -N(R 5 )C(═O)NR 5 R 5a , -(alkylene) m -N(R 5 )C(═O)R 4 , -(alkylene) m -OC(═O)NR 5 R 5a , or -(alkylene) m -N(R 5 )C(═O)OR 4 . 
     
     
         23 . A compound of  claim 19  wherein n* is 0 or 1 and t* is 1; 
     
     
         24 . A compound of  claim 19  wherein n* is 1 and t* is 0. 
     
     
         25 . A compound of  claim 19  selected from 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. 
       
     
     
         26 . A compound of  claim 19  having a formula IG or IH 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein 
         U is CR 10c  or N; 
         Z* is absent, CH 2 , —O—, —S(O) v , or -, —NH 
         R a , R b , R c  and R d  are each independently H, halo, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocyclo, aryl, heteroaryl, —NO 2 , —CN, —NR 5 R 5a , —OR 4 , —C(═O)R 4 , —C(═O)OR 4 ; —C(═O)NR 5 R 5a , —N(R 5 )C(═O)NR 5 R 5a , —OC(═O)NR 5 R 5a , —S(O) v R 4 , —S(O) 2 NR 5 R 5a , —N(R 5 )SO 2 R 4  any of which may be optionally independently substituted with one or more R 10  groups as allowed by valance; 
         or R a  and R b  together with the carbon atom to which they are bonded may combine to form a 3-10 membered cycloalkyl, a 3-10membered cycloalkenyl ring, or a heterocyclo ring, any of which may be optionally substituted with one or more R 10  groups as allowed by valance; 
         or R c  and R d  together with the carbon atom to which they are bonded may combine to form a 3-10 membered cycloalkyl, a 3-10membered cycloalkenyl ring, or a heterocyclo ring, any of which may be optionally substituted with one or more R 10  groups as allowed by valance; 
         or R a  and/or R b  may combine with any R c  or R d  to form a partially or fully saturated 3-8 membered cycloalkyl ring or heterocyclo ring, either of which may be optionally substituted with one or more R 10  groups as allowed by valance; 
         or R a  and R b  may combine to form a carbonyl group; 
         or R c  and R d  attached to the same carbon atom may combine to form a carbonyl group; 
         R 2  is
 (i) H, halo, cyano, nitro, or 
 (ii) alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocyclo, aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, —OR 4 , —S(O) v R 4 , —C(═O)R 4 , —C(═S)R 4 , —C(═O)OR 4 , —C(═S)OR 4 , —C(═O)NR 5 R 5a , —C(═S)NR 5 R 5a , —N(R 5 )C(═O)NR 5 R 5a , —N(R 5 )C(═S)NR 5 R 5a , —N(R 5 )C(═O)R 4 , —N(R 5 )C(═S)R 4 , —OC(═O)NR 5 R 5a , —OC(═S)NR 5 R 5a , —SO 2 NR 5 R 5a , —N(R 5 )SO 2 R 4 , —N(R 5 )SO 2 NR 5 R 5a , —N(R 5 )C(═O)OR 4 , —N(R 5 )C(═S)OR 4 , —N(R 5 )SO 2 R 4 , any of which may be optionally independently substituted with one or more R 10  as allowed by valance, 
 provided that in compounds of formula IG R 2  is not phenyl substituted with a group 
 
       
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           where G 1  and G 2  are independently alkyl, cycloalkyl, or G 1  and G 2  together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached combine to form a 5- to 8-membered heterocyclo ring; 
         
         R 2a  and R 2b  are independently selected from H, halo, alkyl, haloalkyl, cyano, nitro, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino and alkoxy; 
         R 4  is independently selected at each occurrence from H, alkyl, haloalkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclo, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, and cycloalkylalkyl, any of which may be optionally independently substituted as allowed by valance with one or more R 10  groups; 
         R 5  and R 5a  are independently selected at each occurrence from H, alkyl, haloalkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclo, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, and cycloalkylalkyl, any of which may be optionally substituted as allowed by valance with one or more R 10 ;
 or R 5  and R 5a  may combine to form a heterocyclo ring optionally substituted with one or more R 10 ; 
 
         R 10  at each occurrence are independently, halo, cyano, nitro, oxo, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocyclo, aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, -(alkylene) m -OR 4 , -(alkylene) m -S(O) v R 4 , -(alkylene) m -NR 5 R 5a , -(alkylene) m -C(═O)R 4 , -(alkylene) m -C(═S)R 4 , -(alkylene) m -C(═O)OR 4 , -(alkylene) m -OC(═O)R 4 , -(alkylene) m -C(═S)OR 4 , -(alkylene) m -C(═O)NR 5 R 5a , -(alkylene) m -C(═S)NR 5 R 5a , -(alkylene) m -N(R 5 )C(═O)NR 5 R 5a , -(alkylene) m -N(R 5 )C(═S)NR 5 R 5a , -(alkylene) m -N(R 5 )C(═O)R 4 , -(alkylene) m -N(R 5 )C(═S)R 4 , -(alkylene) m -OC(═O)NR 5 R 5a , -(alkylene) m -OC(═S)NR 5 R 5a , -(alkylene) m -SO 2 NR 5 R 5a , -(alkylene) m -N(R 5 )SO 2 R 4 , -(alkylene) m -N(R 5 )SO 2 NR 5 R 5a , -(alkylene) m -N(R 5 )C(═O)OR 4 , -(alkylene) m -N(R 5 )C(═S)OR 4 , or -(alkylene) m -N(R 5 )SO 2 R 4 ; 
         wherein said alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocyclo, aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, and heterocycloalkyl groups may be further independently substituted with one or more -(alkylene) m -OR 4 , -(alkylene) m -S(O) v R 4 , -(alkylene) m -NR 5 R 5a , -(alkylene) m -C(═O)R 4 , -(alkylene) m -C(═S)R 4 , -(alkylene) m -C(═O)OR 4 , -(alkylene) m -OC(═O)R 4 , -(alkylene) m -C(═S)OR 4 , -(alkylene) m -C(═O)NR 5 R 5a , -(alkylene) m -C(═S)NR 5 R 5a , -(alkylene) m -N(R 5 )C(═O)NR 5 R 5a , -(alkylene) m -N(R 5 )C(═S)NR 5 R 5a , -(alkylene) m -N(R 5 )C(═O)R 4 , -(alkylene) m -N(R 5 )C(═S)R 4 , -(alkylene) m -OC(═O)NR 5 R 5a , -(alkylene) m -OC(═S)NR 5 R 5a , -(alkylene) m -SO 2 NR 5 R 5a , -(alkylene) m -N(R 5 )SO 2 R 4 , -(alkylene) m -N(R 5 )SO 2 NR 5 R 5a , -(alkylene) m -N(R 5 )C(═O)OR 4 , -(alkylene) m -N(R 5 )C(═S)OR 4 , or -(alkylene) m -N(R 5 )SO 2 R 4 ; 
         R 10 , R 10b  and R 10c  are each independently H, halo, cyano, nitro, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkyl, -(alkylene) m -OR 4 , -(alkylene) m -NR 5 R 5a , -(alkylene) m -C(═O)R 4 , -(alkylene) m -C(═O)OR 4 , -(alkylene) m -OC(═O)R 4 , -(alkylene) m -C(═O)NR 5 R 5a , -(alkylene) m -N(R 5 )C(═O)NR 5 R 5a , -(alkylene) m -N(R 5 )C(═O)R 4 , -(alkylene) m -OC(═O)NR 5 R 5a , or -(alkylene) m -N(R 5 )C(═O)OR 4 ; and 
         v is 0, 1 or 2. 
       
     
     
         27 . A compound of  claim 26  selected from 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. 
       
     
     
         28 . A compound of  claim 26  selected from 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. 
       
     
     
         29 . A compound of  claim 6  selected from 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. 
       
     
     
         30 . A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of  claim 1  together with a pharmaceutically acceptable vehicle or carrier. 
     
     
         31 . A method of treating cancer in a subject, said method comprising administering an effective amount of a compound as in  claim 1 . 
     
     
         32 . The method of  claim 31  wherein said compound of  claim 1  is administered in combination with at least one compound selected from antibiotic-type agents, alkylating agents, antimetabolite agents, hormonal agents, immunological agents, interferon-type agents and miscellaneous agents. 
     
     
         33 . A method of reducing tumor size in a subject, said method comprising administering an effective amount of a compound as in  claim 1 . 
     
     
         34 . A compound of  claim 1  wherein R 1  is an oxo-substituted heteroaryl or oxo-substituted heterocyclo selected from naphthyridinonyl, dihydronaphthyridinonyl, pyridopyrimidinonyl, dihydropyridopyrimidinonyl, imidazopyridinonyl, dihydroimidazopyridinonyl, oxazolopyridinonyl, dihydrooxazolopyridinonyl, thiazolopyridinonyl, dihydrothiazolopyridinonyl, pyrazolopyrazinonyl, dihydropyrazolopyrazinonyl, triazolopyrazinonyl, dihydrotriazolopyrazinonyl, triazolopyridinonyl or dihydrotriazolopyridinonyl any of which may be optionally further independently substituted with one or more R 10  groups as allowed by valance. 
     
     
         35 . A compound of  claim 34  wherein R 1  is 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         a is a bond or is absent; 
         U 5  is C or N; 
         U 6  is NH, O or S; 
         m+ is 0,1, 2 or 3. 
       
     
     
         36 . A compound of  claim 35  wherein R 2  is H, halo, cyano, alkynyl, —NR 5 R 5a , —C(═O)NR 5 R 5a , —N(R 5 )C(═O)R 4 , —N(R 5 )C(═O)OR 4 , —N(R 5 )C(═O)NR 5 R 5a , phenyl, naphthyl, pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, furanyl, thienyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, pyridinyl, tetrahydropyridinyl, pyridinonyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, indolyl, isoindolyl, indolinyl, indolinonyl, isoidolinyl, isoindolinonyl, dihydrobenzofuranyl, dihydroisobenzofuranyl, benzofuranyl, isobenzofuranyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, quinazolinyl, quinazolinonyl, tetrahydroquinolinyl, tetrahydroisoquinolinyl, dihydroquinolinonyl, dihydroisoquinolinonyl, quinoxalinyl, tetrahydroquinoxalinyl, benzomorpholinyl, dihydrobenzodioxinyl, imidazopyridinyl, naphthyridinyl, benzotriazinyl, triazolopyridinyl, triazolopyrimidinyl, triazolopyridazinyl, imidazopyridinyl, imidazopyrimidinyl, imidazopyridazinyl, pyrrolopyridinyl, pyrrolopyrimidinyl, pyrrolopyridazinyl, pyrazolopyridinyl, pyrazolopyrimidinyl, pyrazolopyridazinyl, cinnolinyl, thienopyrrolyl, tetrahydrothienopyrrolyl, dihydrothienopyrrolonyl, thienopyridinyl, thienopyrimidinyl, thienopyridazinyl, furopyridinyl, furopyrimidinyl, furopyrazidinyl, benzofuranyl, benzoimidazolyl, benzoisoxazolyl, benzothiazolyl, or benzoisothiazolyl any of which may be optionally independently substituted with one or more R 10  groups as allowed by valance. 
     
     
         37 . A compound of  claim 35  wherein R 2  is
 (a) halo, alkynyl, —C(═O)NR 5 R 5a , —N(R 5 )C(═O)R 4  or —N(R 5 )C(═O)OR 4  any of which may be optionally independently substituted with one or more R 10  groups as allowed by valance; or 
 (b) an aryl, heteroaryl or heterocyclo ring system selected from 
 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       where m* is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, as allowed by valence. 
     
     
         38 . A compound of  claim 35  having the following formula IG 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         or an enantiomer, a diastereomer or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof wherein 
         a is a bond or is absent; 
         U 5  is C or N; 
         Z is —O—, —S(O) v —, or —NR 5 —; 
         R a , R b , R c  and R d  are each independently H, halo, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocyclo, aryl, heteroaryl, —NO 2 , —CN, —NR 5 R 5a , —OR 4 , —C(═O)R 4 , —C(═O)OR 4 ; —C(═O)NR 5 R 5a , —N(R 5 )C(═O)NR 5 R 5a , —OC(═O)NR 5 R 5a , —S(O) v R 4 , —S(O) 2 NR 5 R 5a , —N(R 5 )SO 2 R 4  any of which may be optionally independently substituted with one or more R 10  groups as allowed by valance; 
         or R a  and R b  together with the carbon atom to which they are bonded may combine to form a 3-10 membered cycloalkyl, a 3-10membered cycloalkenyl ring, or a heterocyclo ring, any of which may be optionally substituted with one or more R 10  groups as allowed by valance; 
         or R c  and R d  together with the carbon atom to which they are bonded may combine to form a 3-10 membered cycloalkyl, a 3-10membered cycloalkenyl ring, or a heterocyclo ring, any of which may be optionally substituted with one or more R 10  groups as allowed by valance; 
         or R a  and/or R b  may combine with any R c  or R d  to form a partially or fully saturated 3-8 membered cycloalkyl ring or heterocyclo ring, either of which may be optionally substituted with one or more R 10  groups as allowed by valance; 
         or R a  and R b  may combine to form a carbonyl group; 
         or R c  and R d  attached to the same carbon atom may combine to form a carbonyl group; 
         provided that when q is 1, R a  and R b  are independently other than halo, —NO 2 , —CN, —NR 5 R 5a , —OR 4 , —N(R 5 )C(═O)NR 5 R 5a , —OC(═O)NR 5 R 5a , —S(O) v R 4 , —S(O) 2 NR 5 R 5a , —N(R 5 )SO 2 R 4 ; 
         R 2  is
 (i) H, halo, cyano, nitro, or 
 (ii) alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocyclo, aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, —OR 4 , —NR 5 R 5a , —S(O) v R 4 , —NR 5 R 5a , —C(═O)R 4 , —C(═S)R 4 , —C(═O)OR 4 , —C(═S)OR 4 , —C(═O)NR 5 R 5a , —C(═S)NR 5 R 5a , —N(R 5 )C(═O)NR 5 R 5a , —N(R 5 )C(═S)NR 5 R 5a , —N(R 5 )C(═O)R 4 , —N(R 5 )C(═S)R 4 , —OC(═O)NR 5 R 5a , —OC(═S)NR 5 R 5a , —SO 2 NR 5 R 5a , —N(R 5 )SO 2 R 4 , —N(R 5 )SO 2 NR 5 R 5a , —N(R 5 )C(═O)OR 4 , —N(R 5 )C(═S)OR 4 , —N(R 5 )SO 2 R 4 , any of which may be optionally independently substituted with one or more R 10  as allowed by valance, 
 
         R 2a  and R 2b  are independently selected at each occurrence from H, halo, cyano, nitro, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocyclo, aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, —OR 4 , —S(O) v R 4 , —NR 5 R 5a , —C(═O)R 4 , —C(═S)R 4 , —C(═O)OR 4 , —C(═S)OR 4 , —C(═O)NR 5 R 5a , —C(═S)NR 5 R 5a , —N(R 5 )C(═O)NR 5 R 5a , —N(R 5 )C(═S)NR 5 R 5a , —N(R 5 )C(═O)R 4 , —N(R 5 )C(═S)R 4 , —OC(═O)NR 5 R 5a , —OC(═S)NR 5 R 5a , —SO 2 NR 5 R 5a , —N(R 5 )SO 2 R 4 , —N(R 5 )SO 2 NR 5 R 5a , —N(R 5 )C(═O)OR 4 , —N(R 5 )C(═S)OR 4 , —N(R 5 )SO 2 R 4 , any of which may be optionally independently substituted with one or more R 10  groups as allowed by valance; 
         R 4  is independently selected at each occurrence from H, alkyl, haloalkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclo, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, and cycloalkylalkyl, any of which may be optionally independently substituted as allowed by valance with one or more R 10  groups; 
         R 5  and R 5a  are independently selected at each occurrence from H, alkyl, haloalkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclo, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, and cycloalkylalkyl, any of which may be optionally substituted as allowed by valance with one or more R 10 ;
 or R 5  and R 5a  may combine to form a heterocyclo ring optionally substituted with one or more R 10 ; 
 
         R 10  and R 10d  at each occurrence is independently, halo, cyano, nitro, oxo, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocyclo, aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, -(alkylene) m -OR 4 , -(alkylene) m -S(O) v R 4 , -(alkylene) m -NR 5 R 5a , -(alkylene) m -C(═O)R 4 , -(alkylene) m -C(═S)R 4 , -(alkylene) m -C(═O)OR 4 , -(alkylene) m -OC(═O)R 4 , -(alkylene) m -C(═S)OR 4 , -(alkylene) m C(═O)NR 5 R 5a , -(alkylene) m C(═S)NR 5 R 5a , -(alkylene) m -N(R 5 )C(═O)NR 5 R 5a , -(alkylene) m -N(R 5 )C(═S)NR 5 R 5a , -(alkylene) m -N(R 5 )C(═O)R 4 , -(alkylene) m -N(R 5 )C(═S)R 4 , -(alkylene) m -OC(═O)NR 5 R 5a , -(alkylene) m -OC(═S)NR 5 R 5a , -(alkylene) m -SO 2 NR 5 R 5a , -(alkylene) m -N(R 5 )SO 2 R 4 , -(alkylene) m -N(R 5 )SO 2 NR 5 R 5a , -(alkylene) m -N(R 5 )C(═O)OR 4 , -(alkylene) m -N(R 5 )C(═S)OR 4 , or -(alkylene) m -N(R 5 )SO 2 R 4 ; 
         wherein said alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocyclo, aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, and heterocycloalkyl groups may be further independently substituted with one or more -(alkylene) m -OR 4 , -(alkylene) m -S(O) v R 4 , -(alkylene) m -NR 5 R 5a , -(alkylene) m -C(═O)R 4 , -(alkylene) m -C(═S)R 4 , -(alkylene) m -C(═O)OR 4 , -(alkylene) m -OC(═O)R 4 , -(alkylene) m -C(═S)OR 4 , -(alkylene) m -C(═O)NR 5 R 5a , -(alkylene) m -C(═S)NR 5 R 5a , -(alkylene) m -N(R 5 )C(═O)NR 5 R 5a , -(alkylene) m -N(R 5 )C(═S)NR 5 R 5a , -(alkylene) m -N(R 5 )C(═O)R 4 , -(alkylene) m -N(R 5 )C(═S)R 4 , -(alkylene) m -OC(═O)NR 5 R 5a , -(alkylene) m -OC(═S)NR 5 R 5a , -(alkylene) m -SO 2 NR 5 R 5a , -(alkylene) m -N(R 5 )SO 2 R 4 , -(alkylene) m -N(R 5 )SO 2 NR 5 R 5a , -(alkylene) m -N(R 5 )C(═O)OR 4 , -(alkylene) m -N(R 5 )C(═S)OR 4 , or -(alkylene) m -N(R 5 )SO 2 R 4 ; 
         and further wherein any two R 10  groups attached to the same atom or attached to adjacent atoms may combine to form an optionally substituted 3- to 8 membered ring system; 
         m is 0 or 1; 
         n is 0, 1 or 2; 
         n+ is 0, 1, 2 or 3; 
         q is 0 or 1; 
         v is 0, 1 or 2. 
       
     
     
         39 . A compound of  claim 38  wherein q and n are each zero, and a is a bond. 
     
     
         40 . A compound of  claim 39  wherein R 2  is
 (a) halo, alkynyl, —C(═O)NR 5 R 5a , —N(R 5 )C(═O)R 4  or —N(R 5 )C(═O)OR 4  any of which may be optionally independently substituted with one or more R 10  groups as allowed by valance; or 
 (b) an aryl, heteroaryl or heterocyclo ring system selected from 
 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         where m* is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, as allowed by valence. 
       
     
     
         41 . A compound of  claim 35  having the following formula IH 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         or an enantiomer, a diastereomer or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof wherein 
         a is a bond or is absent; 
         U 6  is NH, O or S; 
         Z is —O—, —S(O) v —, or —NR 5 —; 
         R a , R b , R c  and R d  are each independently H, halo, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocyclo, aryl, heteroaryl, —NO 2 , —CN, —NR 5 R 5a , —OR 4 , —C(═O)R 4 , —C(═O)OR 4 ; —C(═O)NR 5 R 5a , —N(R 5 )C(═O)NR 5 R 5a , —OC(═O)NR 5 R 5a , —S(O) v R 4 , —S(O) 2 NR 5 R 5a , —N(R 5 )SO 2 R 4  any of which may be optionally independently substituted with one or more R 10  groups as allowed by valance; 
         or R a  and R b  together with the carbon atom to which they are bonded may combine to form a 3-10 membered cycloalkyl, a 3-10membered cycloalkenyl ring, or a heterocyclo ring, any of which may be optionally substituted with one or more R 10  groups as allowed by valance; 
         or R c  and R d  together with the carbon atom to which they are bonded may combine to form a 3-10 membered cycloalkyl, a 3-10membered cycloalkenyl ring, or a heterocyclo ring, any of which may be optionally substituted with one or more R 10  groups as allowed by valance; 
         or R a  and/or R b  may combine with any R c  or R d  to form a partially or fully saturated 3-8 membered cycloalkyl ring or heterocyclo ring, either of which may be optionally substituted with one or more R 10  groups as allowed by valance; 
         or R a  and R b  may combine to form a carbonyl group; 
         or R c  and R d  attached to the same carbon atom may combine to form a carbonyl group; provided that when q is 1, R a  and R b  are independently other than halo, —NO 2 , —CN, —NR 5 R 5a , —OR, —N(R 5 )C(═O)NR 5 R 5a , —OC(═O)NR 5 R 5a , —S(O) v R 4 , —S(O) 2 NR 5 R 5a , —N(R 5 )SO 2 R 4 ; 
         R 1  is aryl, heteroaryl or heterocyclo any of which may be optionally independently substituted with one or more R 10  groups as allowed by valance; 
         R 2  is
 (i) H, halo, cyano, nitro, or 
 (ii) alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocyclo, aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, —OR 4 , —NR 5 R 5a , —S(O) v R 4 , —NR 5 R 5a , —C(═O)R 4 , —C(═S)R 4 , —C(═O)OR 4 , —C(═S)OR 4 , —C(═O)NR 5 R 5a , —C(═S)NR 5 R 5a , —N(R 5 )C(═O)NR 5 R 5a , —N(R 5 )C(═S)NR 5 R 5a , —N(R 5 )C(═O)R 4 , —N(R 5 )C(═S)R 4 , —OC(═O)NR 5 R 5a , —OC(═S)NR 5 R 5a , —SO 2 NR 5 R 5a , —N(R 5 )SO 2 R 4 , —N(R 5 )SO 2 NR 5 R 5a , —N(R 5 )C(═O)OR 4 , —N(R 5 )C(═S)OR 4 , —N(R 5 )SO 2 R 4 , any of which may be optionally independently substituted with one or more R 10  as allowed by valance, 
 
         R 2a  and R 2b  are independently selected at each occurrence from H, halo, cyano, nitro, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocyclo, aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, —OR 4 , —S(O) v R 4 , —NR 5 R 5a , —C(═O)R 4 , —C(═S)R 4 , —C(═O)OR 4 , —C(═S)OR 4 , —C(═O)NR 5 R 5a , —C(═S)NR 5 R 5a , —N(R 5 )C(═O)NR 5 R 5a , —N(R 5 )C(═S)NR 5 R 5a , —N(R 5 )C(═O)R 4 , —N(R 5 )C(═S)R 4 , —OC(═O)NR 5 R 5a , —OC(═S)NR 5 R 5a , —SO 2 NR 5 R 5a , —N(R 5 )SO 2 R 4 , —N(R 5 )SO 2 NR 5 R 5a , —N(R 5 )C(═O)OR 4 , —N(R 5 )C(═S)OR 4 , —N(R 5 )SO 2 R 4 , any of which may be optionally independently substituted with one or more R 10  groups as allowed by valance; 
         R 4  is independently selected at each occurrence from H, alkyl, haloalkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclo, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, and cycloalkylalkyl, any of which may be optionally independently substituted as allowed by valance with one or more R 10  groups; 
         R 5  and R 5a  are independently selected at each occurrence from H, alkyl, haloalkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclo, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, and cycloalkylalkyl, any of which may be optionally substituted as allowed by valance with one or more R 10 ;
 or R 5  and R 5a  may combine to form a heterocyclo ring optionally substituted with one or more R 10z ; 
 
         R 10  and R 10d  at each occurrence is independently, halo, cyano, nitro, oxo, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocyclo, aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, -(alkylene) m -OR 4 , -(alkylene) m -S(O) v R 4 , -(alkylene) m -NR 5 R 5a , -(alkylene) m -C(═O)R 4 , -(alkylene) m -C(═S)R 4 , -(alkylene) m -C(═O)OR 4 , -(alkylene) m -OC(═O)R 4 , -(alkylene) m -C(═S)OR 4 , -(alkylene) m -C(═O)NR 5 R 5a , -(alkylene) m -C(═S)NR 5 R 5a , -(alkylene) m -N(R 5 )C(═O)NR 5 R 5a , -(alkylene) m -N(R 5 )C(═S)NR 5 R 5a , -(alkylene) m -N(R 5 )C(═O)R 4 , -(alkylene) m -N(R 5 )C(═S)R 4 , -(alkylene) m -OC(═O)NR 5 R 5a , -(alkylene) m -OC(═S)NR 5 R 5a , -(alkylene) m -SO 2 NR 5 R 5a , -(alkylene) m -N(R 5 )SO 2 R 4 , -(alkylene) m -N(R 5 )SO 2 NR 5 R 5a , -(alkylene) m -N(R 5 )C(═O)OR 4 , -(alkylene) m -N(R 5 )C(═S)OR 4 , or -(alkylene) m -N(R 5 )SO 2 R 4 ; 
         wherein said alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocyclo, aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, and heterocycloalkyl groups may be further independently substituted with one or more -(alkylene) m -OR 4 , -(alkylene) m -S(O) v R 4 , -(alkylene) m -NR 5 R 5a , -(alkylene) m -C(═O)R 4 , -(alkylene) m -C(═S)R 4 , -(alkylene) m -C(═O)OR 4 , -(alkylene) m -OC(═O)R 4 , -(alkylene) m -C(═S)OR 4 , -(alkylene) m -C(═O)NR 5 R 5a , -(alkylene) m -C(═S)NR 5 R 5a , -(alkylene) m -N(R 5 )C(═O)NR 5 R 5a , -(alkylene) m -N(R 5 )C(═S)NR 5 R 5a , -(alkylene) m -N(R 5 )C(═O)R 4 , -(alkylene) m -N(R 5 )C(═S)R 4 , -(alkylene) m -OC(═O)NR 5 R 5a , -(alkylene) m -OC(═S)NR 5 R 5a , -(alkylene) m -SO 2 NR 5 R 5a , -(alkylene) m -N(R 5 )SO 2 R 4 , -(alkylene) m -N(R 5 )SO 2 NR 5 R 5a , -(alkylene) m -N(R 5 )C(═O)OR 4 , -(alkylene) m -N(R 5 )C(═S)OR 4 , or -(alkylene) m -N(R 5 )SO 2 R 4 ; 
         and further wherein any two R 10  groups attached to the same atom or attached to adjacent atoms may combine to form an optionally substituted 3- to 8 membered ring system; 
         m is 0 or 1; 
         n is 0, 1 or 2; 
         n+ is 0, 1, 2 or 3; 
         q is 0 or 1; 
         v is 0, 1 or 2. 
       
     
     
         42 . A compound of  claim 41  wherein q and n are each zero, and a is a bond. 
     
     
         43 . A compound of  claim 41  wherein R 2  is H, halo, cyano, alkynyl, —NR 5 R 5a —C(═O)NR 5 R 5a , —N(R 5 )C(═O)R 4 , —N(R 5 )C(═O)OR 4 , phenyl, naphthyl, pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, furanyl, thienyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, pyridinyl, tetrahydropyridinyl, pyridinonyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, indolyl, isoindolyl, indolinyl, indolinonyl, isoidolinyl, isoindolinonyl, dihydrobenzofuranyl, dihydroisobenzofuranyl, benzofuranyl, isobenzofuranyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, quinazolinyl, quinazolinonyl, tetrahydroquinolinyl, tetrahydroisoquinolinyl, dihydroquinolinonyl, dihydroisoquinolinonyl, quinoxalinyl, tetrahydroquinoxalinyl, benzomorpholinyl, dihydrobenzodioxinyl, imidazopyridinyl, naphthyridinyl, benzotriazinyl, triazolopyridinyl, triazolopyrimidinyl, triazolopyridazinyl, imidazopyridinyl, imidazopyrimidinyl, imidazopyridazinyl, pyrrolopyridinyl, pyrrolopyrimidinyl, pyrrolopyridazinyl, pyrazolopyridinyl, pyrazolopyrimidinyl, pyrazolopyridazinyl, cinnolinyl, thienopyrrolyl, tetrahydrothienopyrrolyl, dihydrothienopyrrolonyl, thienopyridinyl, thienopyrimidinyl, thienopyridazinyl, furopyridinyl, furopyrimidinyl, furopyrazidinyl, benzofuranyl, benzoimidazolyl, benzoisoxazolyl, benzothiazolyl, or benzoisothiazolyl any of which may be optionally independently substituted with one or more R 10  groups as allowed by valance. 
     
     
         44 . A compound of  claim 43  selected from 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
     
     
         44 . A compound of  claim 6  selected from 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
     
     
         45 . A compound of  claim 1  having formula VII selected from

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