US2012115041A1PendingUtilityA1

Electrochemical device having electrolyte including disiloxane

54
Assignee: WEST ROBERT CPriority: Sep 10, 2003Filed: Dec 12, 2011Published: May 10, 2012
Est. expirySep 10, 2023(expired)· nominal 20-yr term from priority
H01M 10/0568H01M 10/0569C08G 77/46H01M 10/052H01M 4/525H01M 10/0567C08G 77/14Y02E60/10
54
PatentIndex Score
0
Cited by
0
References
0
Claims

Abstract

One example of the disiloxanes include a backbone with a first silicon and a second silicon. The first silicon is linked to a first substituent selected from a group consisting of: a first side chain that includes a cyclic carbonate moiety; a first side chain that includes a poly(alkylene oxide) moiety; and a first cross link links the disiloxane to a second siloxane and that includes a poly(alkylene oxide) moiety. In some instance, the second silicon is linked to a second substituent selected from a group consisting of: a second side chain that includes a cyclic carbonate moiety, and a second side chain that includes a poly(alkylene oxide) moiety.

Claims

exact text as granted — not AI-modified
1 . An electrochemical device, comprising:
 an electrolyte including a disiloxane having a backbone with a first silicon and a second silicon, the first silicon being linked to a first substituent that includes a cyclic carbonate moiety or a poly(alkylene oxide) having an oxygen linked directly to the first silicon.   
     
     
         2 . The device of  claim 1 , wherein the first substituent is selected from a group consisting of: a first side chain that includes a cyclic carbonate moiety, and a first cross link links the disiloxane to a second siloxane and that includes a poly(alkylene oxide) moiety. 
     
     
         3 . The device of  claim 1 , wherein the first substituent is a first side chain that includes a cyclic carbonate moiety. 
     
     
         4 . The device of  claim 3 , wherein the disiloxane excludes a poly(alkylene oxide) moiety. 
     
     
         5 . The device of  claim 3 , wherein the disiloxane is represented by: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
     
     
         6 . The device of  claim 1 , wherein the first substituent is a first side chain that includes a poly(alkylene oxide) moiety. 
     
     
         7 . The device of  claim 6 , wherein the disiloxane includes no more than one poly(alkylene oxide) moiety. 
     
     
         8 . The device of  claim 6 , wherein the disiloxane is represented by: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       where R 21  is an alkyl group or an aryl group; R 22  is an alkyl group or an aryl group; R 24  is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group; R 25  is an alkyl group; Z is an alkyl or an aryl group and x is from 1 to 30. 
     
     
         9 . The device of  claim 6 , wherein the disiloxane is represented by the following formula I-G: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       wherein n is 1 to 12 
     
     
         10 . The device of  claim 1 , wherein the first substituent is a first cross link that links the disiloxane to a second siloxane and that includes the poly(alkylene oxide) moiety. 
     
     
         11 . The device of  claim 10 , wherein the second siloxane is a second disiloxane. 
     
     
         12 . The device of  claim 10 , wherein the disiloxane includes no more than one poly(alkylene oxide) moiety. 
     
     
         13 . The device of  claim 10 , wherein the disiloxane is represented by the following formula I-K: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       wherein n is 1 to 12. 
     
     
         14 . The device of  claim 10 , wherein the disiloxane is represented by the following formula I-L: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       wherein n is 1 to 12. 
     
     
         15 . The device of  claim 1 , wherein the disiloxane is represented by the following formula I: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       wherein R 1  is an alkyl group or an aryl group; R 2  is an alkyl group or an aryl group; R 3  is an alkyl group or an aryl group; R 4  is an alkyl group or an aryl group; R 5  is represented by formula I-A, formula I-B; or formula I-C; R 6  is an alkyl group, an aryl group, represented by formula I-D, or represented by formula I-E;
 formula I-A: 
 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       wherein R 10  is hydrogen; alkyl or aryl; R 11  is alkyl or aryl; and n is 1 to 12;
 formula I-B: 
 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       wherein R 12  is an organic spacer and p is 1 to 2. The spacer can be an organic spacer and can include one or more —CH 2 — groups;
 formula I-C: 
 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       where R 14  is nil or a spacer; R 15  is nil or a spacer; R 16  is hydrogen, alkyl or aryl; second siloxane represents another siloxane and n is 1 to 12;
 formula I-D: 
 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       wherein R 17  is nil or a spacer; R 18  is hydrogen; alkyl or aryl; R 19  is alkyl or aryl; and q is 1 to 12;
 formula I-E: 
 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       wherein R 20  is an organic spacer and p is 1 to 2. 
     
     
         16 . The device of  claim 1 , wherein the disiloxane is represented by the following formula I: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       wherein R 1  is an alkyl group or an aryl group; R 2  is an alkyl group or an aryl group; R 3  is an alkyl group or an aryl group; R 4  is an alkyl group or an aryl group; R 5  is represented by formula I-A, formula I-B; or formula I-C; R 6  is an alkyl group, an aryl group, represented by formula I-D, or represented by formula I-E;
 formula I-A: 
 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       wherein R 9  is nil or a spacer; R 10  is hydrogen; alkyl or aryl; R 11  is alkyl or aryl; and n is 1 to 12;
 formula I-B: 
 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       wherein R 12  is an organic spacer and p is 1 to 2. The spacer can be an organic spacer and can include one or more —CH 2 — groups;
 formula I-C: 
 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       where R 14  is nil or a spacer; R 15  is nil or a spacer; R 16  is hydrogen, alkyl or aryl; second siloxane represents another siloxane and n is 1 to 12;
 formula I-D: 
 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       wherein R 18  is hydrogen; alkyl or aryl; R 19  is alkyl or aryl; and q is 1 to 12;
 formula I-E: 
 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       wherein R 20  is an organic spacer and p is 1 to 2. 
     
     
         17 . The device of  claim 1 , wherein the second silicon is linked to a second substituent selected from a group consisting of: a second side chain that includes a cyclic carbonate moiety, and a second side chain that includes a poly(alkylene oxide) moiety. 
     
     
         18 . The device of  claim 17 , wherein the first substituent is a first side chain that includes the cyclic carbonate moiety and the second substituent is the second side chain that includes the cyclic carbonate moiety. 
     
     
         19 . The device of  claim 18 , wherein the disiloxane is represented by the following formula I-N: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
     
     
         20 . The device of  claim 17 , wherein the first substituent is a first side chain that includes the cyclic carbonate moiety and the second substituent is the second side chain that includes the poly(alkylene oxide) moiety. 
     
     
         21 . The device of  claim 17 , wherein the first substituent is a first side chain that includes the poly(alkylene oxide) moiety and the second substituent is the second side chain that includes the poly(alkylene oxide) moiety. 
     
     
         22 . The device of  claim 21 , wherein the disiloxane is represented by: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       wherein R 26  is an alkyl group or an aryl group; R 27  is an alkyl group or an aryl group; R 29  is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group; R 30  is an alkyl group; R 31  is an alkyl group or an aryl group; R 32  is an alkyl group or an aryl group; R 33  is nil or a spacer; R 34  is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group; R 35  is an alkyl group; x is from 1 to 30 and y is from 1 to 30. 
     
     
         23 . The device of  claim 21 , wherein the disiloxane is represented by the following formula I-J: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       wherein n is 1 to 12 and m is 1 to 12. 
     
     
         24 . The device of  claim 17 , wherein the first substituent is a first cross link that includes the poly(alkylene oxide) moiety and the second substituent is the second side chain that includes the cyclic carbonate moiety. 
     
     
         25 . The device of  claim 17 , wherein the first substituent is a first cross link that includes the poly(alkylene oxide) moiety and the second substituent is the second side chain that includes the poly(alkylene oxide) moiety. 
     
     
         26 . The device of  claim 1 , wherein the electrolyte includes an organoborate salt. 
     
     
         27 . The device of  claim 1 , further comprising:
 a separator positioned between a cathode and an anode, the cathode including a lithium metal oxide and the anode including at least one material selected from a group consisting of carbon and lithium metal.   
     
     
         28 . The device of  claim 1 , further comprising:
 a separator positioned between a cathode and an anode, the anode including a lithium metal and the electrolyte including an organoborate salt.   
     
     
         29 . The device of  claim 1 , wherein the electrochemical device includes an anode and the electrolyte includes an additive selected to form a passivation layer on the electrode. 
     
     
         30 . The device of  claim 1 , wherein the electrolyte includes at least one additive selected from the group consisting of: vinyl carbonate, vinyl ethylene carbonate, ethylene sulfite, 1,3 dimethyl butadiene, styrene carbonate, aromatic carbonates, vinyl pyrrole, vinyl piperazine, vinyl piperidine, vinyl pyridine, and mixtures thereof. 
     
     
         31 . The device of  claim 1 , wherein disiloxanes are more than 50 wt % of the electrolyte. 
     
     
         32 . The device of  claim 1 , wherein the electrolyte has an ionic conductivity higher than 2.0×10 −4  S/cm at 24° C. 
     
     
         33 . A method of forming an electrochemical device, comprising:
 generating an electrolyte including a disiloxane having a backbone with a first silicon, and a second silicon, the first silicon being linked to a first substituent that includes a cyclic carbonate moiety or a poly(alkylene oxide) having an oxygen linked directly to the first silicon; and   activating one or more anodes and one or more cathodes with the electrolyte.   
     
     
         34 . The method of  claim 33 , wherein the first substituent is selected from a group consisting of: a first side chain that includes a cyclic carbonate moiety; and a first cross link that links the disiloxane to a second siloxane and that includes a poly(alkylene oxide) moiety 
     
     
         35 . The method of  claim 33 , wherein the first substituent is a first side chain that includes the cyclic carbonate moiety. 
     
     
         36 . The method of  claim 35 , wherein the disiloxane excludes a poly(alkylene oxide) moiety. 
     
     
         37 . The method of  claim 35 , wherein the disiloxane is represented by the following formula I-M: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
     
     
         38 . The method of  claim 33 , wherein the first substituent is a first side chain that includes the poly(alkylene oxide) moiety. 
     
     
         39 . The method of  claim 38 , wherein the disiloxane includes no more than one poly(alkylene oxide) moiety. 
     
     
         40 . The method of  claim 38 , wherein the disiloxane is represented by: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       where R 21  is an alkyl group or an aryl group; R 22  is an alkyl group or an aryl group; R 24  is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group; R 25  is an alkyl group; Z is an alkyl or an aryl group and x is from 1 to 30. 
     
     
         41 . The method of  claim 38 , wherein the disiloxane is represented by: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       wherein n is 1 to 12 
     
     
         42 . The method of  claim 33 , wherein the first substituent is a first cross link that links the disiloxane to a second siloxane and that includes the poly(alkylene oxide) moiety. 
     
     
         43 . The method of  claim 42 , wherein the disiloxane includes no more than one poly(alkylene oxide) moiety. 
     
     
         44 . The method of  claim 42 , wherein the disiloxane is represented by the following formula I-K: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       wherein n is 1 to 12. 
     
     
         45 . The method of  claim 42 , wherein the disiloxane is represented by the following formula I-L: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       wherein n is 1 to 12. 
     
     
         46 . The method of  claim 33 , wherein the disiloxane is represented by: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       wherein R 1  is an alkyl group or an aryl group; R 2  is an alkyl group or an aryl group; R 3  is an alkyl group or an aryl group; R. 4  is an alkyl group or an aryl group; R 5  is represented by formula I-A, formula I-B; or formula I-C; R 6  is an alkyl group, an aryl group, represented by formula I-D, or represented by formula 1-E:
 formula I-A: 
 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       wherein R 10  is hydrogen; alkyl or aryl; R 11  is alkyl or aryl; and n is 1 to 12;
 formula I-B: 
 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       wherein R 12  is an organic spacer and p is 1 to 2. The spacer can be an organic spacer and can include one or more —CH 2 — groups;
 formula I-C: 
 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       where R 14  is nil or a spacer; R 15  is nil or a spacer; R 16  is hydrogen, alkyl or aryl; second siloxane represents another siloxane and n is 1 to 12;
 formula I-D: 
 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       wherein R 17  is nil or a spacer; R 18  is hydrogen; alkyl or aryl; R 19  is alkyl or aryl; and q is 1 to 12;
 formula I-E: 
 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       wherein R 20  is an organic spacer and p is 1 to 2. 
     
     
         47 . The method of  claim 33 , wherein the disiloxane is represented by: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       wherein R 1  is an alkyl group or an aryl group; R 2  is an alkyl group or an aryl group; R 3  is an alkyl group or an aryl group; R 4  is an alkyl group or an aryl group; R 5  is represented by formula I-A, formula I-B; or formula I-C; R 6  is an alkyl group, an aryl group, represented by formula I-D, or represented by formula I-E:
 formula I-A: 
 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       wherein R 9  is nil or a spacer; R 10  is hydrogen; alkyl or aryl; is alkyl or aryl; and n is 1 to 12;
 formula I-B: 
 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       wherein R 12  is an organic spacer and p is 1 to 2. The spacer can be an organic spacer and can include one or more —CH 2 — groups;
 formula I-C: 
 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       where R 14  is nil or a spacer; R 15  is nil or a spacer; R 16  is hydrogen, alkyl or aryl; second siloxane represents another siloxane and n is 1 to 12;
 formula I-D: 
 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       wherein R 18  is hydrogen; alkyl or aryl; R 19  is alkyl or aryl; and q is 1 to 12;
 formula I-E: 
 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       wherein R 20  is an organic spacer and p is 1 to 2. 
     
     
         48 . The method of  claim 33 , wherein the second silicon is linked to a second substituent selected from a group consisting of: a second side chain that includes a cyclic carbonate moiety, and a second side chain that includes a poly(alkylene oxide) moiety. 
     
     
         49 . The method of  claim 48 , wherein the first substituent is a first side chain that includes the cyclic carbonate moiety and the second substituent is the second side chain that includes the cyclic carbonate moiety. 
     
     
         50 . The method of  claim 49 , wherein the disiloxane is represented by: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
     
     
         51 . The method of  claim 48 , wherein the first substituent is a first side chain that includes the cyclic carbonate moiety and the second substituent is the second side chain that includes the poly(alkylene oxide) moiety. 
     
     
         52 . The method of  claim 48 , wherein the first substituent is a first side chain that includes the poly(alkylene oxide) moiety and the second substituent is the second side chain that includes the poly(alkylene oxide) moiety. 
     
     
         53 . The method of  claim 48 , wherein the disiloxane is represented by: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       where R 26  is an alkyl group or an aryl group; R 27  is an alkyl group or an aryl group; R 29  is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group; R 30  is an alkyl group; R 31  is an alkyl group or an aryl group; R 32  is an alkyl group or an aryl group; R 33  is nil or a spacer; R 34  is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group; R 35  is an alkyl group; x is from 1 to 30 and y is from 1 to 30. 
     
     
         54 . The method of  claim 48 , wherein the disiloxane is represented by the following formula I-J: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       wherein n is 1 to 12 and m is 1 to 12. 
     
     
         55 . The method of  claim 48 , wherein the first substituent is a first cross link that includes the poly(alkylene oxide) moiety and the second substituent is the second side chain that includes the cyclic carbonate moiety. 
     
     
         56 . The method of  claim 48 , wherein the first substituent is a first cross link that includes the poly(alkylene oxide) moiety and the second substituent is the second side chain that includes the poly(alkylene oxide) moiety. 
     
     
         57 . An electrochemical device, comprising:
 an electrolyte including a disiloxane having a backbone with a first silicon and a second silicon, the first silicon being linked to a first substituent that includes a cyclic carbonate moiety or a poly(alkylene oxide) moiety.   
     
     
         58 . A method of forming an electrochemical device, comprising:
 generating an electrolyte including a disiloxane having a backbone with a first silicon, and a second silicon, the first silicon being linked to a first substituent that includes a cyclic carbonate moiety or a poly(alkylene oxide) moiety; and   activating one or more anodes and one or more cathodes with the electrolyte.

Cited by (0)

No later patents cite this yet.

References (0)

No backward citations on record.