US2012115041A1PendingUtilityA1
Electrochemical device having electrolyte including disiloxane
Est. expirySep 10, 2023(expired)· nominal 20-yr term from priority
Inventors:Robert C. WestKhalil AmineZhengcheng ZhangQingzheng WangNicholas Agostino Antonio RossiDonald R. Vissers
H01M 10/0568H01M 10/0569C08G 77/46H01M 10/052H01M 4/525H01M 10/0567C08G 77/14Y02E60/10
54
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Claims
Abstract
One example of the disiloxanes include a backbone with a first silicon and a second silicon. The first silicon is linked to a first substituent selected from a group consisting of: a first side chain that includes a cyclic carbonate moiety; a first side chain that includes a poly(alkylene oxide) moiety; and a first cross link links the disiloxane to a second siloxane and that includes a poly(alkylene oxide) moiety. In some instance, the second silicon is linked to a second substituent selected from a group consisting of: a second side chain that includes a cyclic carbonate moiety, and a second side chain that includes a poly(alkylene oxide) moiety.
Claims
exact text as granted — not AI-modified1 . An electrochemical device, comprising:
an electrolyte including a disiloxane having a backbone with a first silicon and a second silicon, the first silicon being linked to a first substituent that includes a cyclic carbonate moiety or a poly(alkylene oxide) having an oxygen linked directly to the first silicon.
2 . The device of claim 1 , wherein the first substituent is selected from a group consisting of: a first side chain that includes a cyclic carbonate moiety, and a first cross link links the disiloxane to a second siloxane and that includes a poly(alkylene oxide) moiety.
3 . The device of claim 1 , wherein the first substituent is a first side chain that includes a cyclic carbonate moiety.
4 . The device of claim 3 , wherein the disiloxane excludes a poly(alkylene oxide) moiety.
5 . The device of claim 3 , wherein the disiloxane is represented by:
6 . The device of claim 1 , wherein the first substituent is a first side chain that includes a poly(alkylene oxide) moiety.
7 . The device of claim 6 , wherein the disiloxane includes no more than one poly(alkylene oxide) moiety.
8 . The device of claim 6 , wherein the disiloxane is represented by:
where R 21 is an alkyl group or an aryl group; R 22 is an alkyl group or an aryl group; R 24 is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group; R 25 is an alkyl group; Z is an alkyl or an aryl group and x is from 1 to 30.
9 . The device of claim 6 , wherein the disiloxane is represented by the following formula I-G:
wherein n is 1 to 12
10 . The device of claim 1 , wherein the first substituent is a first cross link that links the disiloxane to a second siloxane and that includes the poly(alkylene oxide) moiety.
11 . The device of claim 10 , wherein the second siloxane is a second disiloxane.
12 . The device of claim 10 , wherein the disiloxane includes no more than one poly(alkylene oxide) moiety.
13 . The device of claim 10 , wherein the disiloxane is represented by the following formula I-K:
wherein n is 1 to 12.
14 . The device of claim 10 , wherein the disiloxane is represented by the following formula I-L:
wherein n is 1 to 12.
15 . The device of claim 1 , wherein the disiloxane is represented by the following formula I:
wherein R 1 is an alkyl group or an aryl group; R 2 is an alkyl group or an aryl group; R 3 is an alkyl group or an aryl group; R 4 is an alkyl group or an aryl group; R 5 is represented by formula I-A, formula I-B; or formula I-C; R 6 is an alkyl group, an aryl group, represented by formula I-D, or represented by formula I-E;
formula I-A:
wherein R 10 is hydrogen; alkyl or aryl; R 11 is alkyl or aryl; and n is 1 to 12;
formula I-B:
wherein R 12 is an organic spacer and p is 1 to 2. The spacer can be an organic spacer and can include one or more —CH 2 — groups;
formula I-C:
where R 14 is nil or a spacer; R 15 is nil or a spacer; R 16 is hydrogen, alkyl or aryl; second siloxane represents another siloxane and n is 1 to 12;
formula I-D:
wherein R 17 is nil or a spacer; R 18 is hydrogen; alkyl or aryl; R 19 is alkyl or aryl; and q is 1 to 12;
formula I-E:
wherein R 20 is an organic spacer and p is 1 to 2.
16 . The device of claim 1 , wherein the disiloxane is represented by the following formula I:
wherein R 1 is an alkyl group or an aryl group; R 2 is an alkyl group or an aryl group; R 3 is an alkyl group or an aryl group; R 4 is an alkyl group or an aryl group; R 5 is represented by formula I-A, formula I-B; or formula I-C; R 6 is an alkyl group, an aryl group, represented by formula I-D, or represented by formula I-E;
formula I-A:
wherein R 9 is nil or a spacer; R 10 is hydrogen; alkyl or aryl; R 11 is alkyl or aryl; and n is 1 to 12;
formula I-B:
wherein R 12 is an organic spacer and p is 1 to 2. The spacer can be an organic spacer and can include one or more —CH 2 — groups;
formula I-C:
where R 14 is nil or a spacer; R 15 is nil or a spacer; R 16 is hydrogen, alkyl or aryl; second siloxane represents another siloxane and n is 1 to 12;
formula I-D:
wherein R 18 is hydrogen; alkyl or aryl; R 19 is alkyl or aryl; and q is 1 to 12;
formula I-E:
wherein R 20 is an organic spacer and p is 1 to 2.
17 . The device of claim 1 , wherein the second silicon is linked to a second substituent selected from a group consisting of: a second side chain that includes a cyclic carbonate moiety, and a second side chain that includes a poly(alkylene oxide) moiety.
18 . The device of claim 17 , wherein the first substituent is a first side chain that includes the cyclic carbonate moiety and the second substituent is the second side chain that includes the cyclic carbonate moiety.
19 . The device of claim 18 , wherein the disiloxane is represented by the following formula I-N:
20 . The device of claim 17 , wherein the first substituent is a first side chain that includes the cyclic carbonate moiety and the second substituent is the second side chain that includes the poly(alkylene oxide) moiety.
21 . The device of claim 17 , wherein the first substituent is a first side chain that includes the poly(alkylene oxide) moiety and the second substituent is the second side chain that includes the poly(alkylene oxide) moiety.
22 . The device of claim 21 , wherein the disiloxane is represented by:
wherein R 26 is an alkyl group or an aryl group; R 27 is an alkyl group or an aryl group; R 29 is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group; R 30 is an alkyl group; R 31 is an alkyl group or an aryl group; R 32 is an alkyl group or an aryl group; R 33 is nil or a spacer; R 34 is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group; R 35 is an alkyl group; x is from 1 to 30 and y is from 1 to 30.
23 . The device of claim 21 , wherein the disiloxane is represented by the following formula I-J:
wherein n is 1 to 12 and m is 1 to 12.
24 . The device of claim 17 , wherein the first substituent is a first cross link that includes the poly(alkylene oxide) moiety and the second substituent is the second side chain that includes the cyclic carbonate moiety.
25 . The device of claim 17 , wherein the first substituent is a first cross link that includes the poly(alkylene oxide) moiety and the second substituent is the second side chain that includes the poly(alkylene oxide) moiety.
26 . The device of claim 1 , wherein the electrolyte includes an organoborate salt.
27 . The device of claim 1 , further comprising:
a separator positioned between a cathode and an anode, the cathode including a lithium metal oxide and the anode including at least one material selected from a group consisting of carbon and lithium metal.
28 . The device of claim 1 , further comprising:
a separator positioned between a cathode and an anode, the anode including a lithium metal and the electrolyte including an organoborate salt.
29 . The device of claim 1 , wherein the electrochemical device includes an anode and the electrolyte includes an additive selected to form a passivation layer on the electrode.
30 . The device of claim 1 , wherein the electrolyte includes at least one additive selected from the group consisting of: vinyl carbonate, vinyl ethylene carbonate, ethylene sulfite, 1,3 dimethyl butadiene, styrene carbonate, aromatic carbonates, vinyl pyrrole, vinyl piperazine, vinyl piperidine, vinyl pyridine, and mixtures thereof.
31 . The device of claim 1 , wherein disiloxanes are more than 50 wt % of the electrolyte.
32 . The device of claim 1 , wherein the electrolyte has an ionic conductivity higher than 2.0×10 −4 S/cm at 24° C.
33 . A method of forming an electrochemical device, comprising:
generating an electrolyte including a disiloxane having a backbone with a first silicon, and a second silicon, the first silicon being linked to a first substituent that includes a cyclic carbonate moiety or a poly(alkylene oxide) having an oxygen linked directly to the first silicon; and activating one or more anodes and one or more cathodes with the electrolyte.
34 . The method of claim 33 , wherein the first substituent is selected from a group consisting of: a first side chain that includes a cyclic carbonate moiety; and a first cross link that links the disiloxane to a second siloxane and that includes a poly(alkylene oxide) moiety
35 . The method of claim 33 , wherein the first substituent is a first side chain that includes the cyclic carbonate moiety.
36 . The method of claim 35 , wherein the disiloxane excludes a poly(alkylene oxide) moiety.
37 . The method of claim 35 , wherein the disiloxane is represented by the following formula I-M:
38 . The method of claim 33 , wherein the first substituent is a first side chain that includes the poly(alkylene oxide) moiety.
39 . The method of claim 38 , wherein the disiloxane includes no more than one poly(alkylene oxide) moiety.
40 . The method of claim 38 , wherein the disiloxane is represented by:
where R 21 is an alkyl group or an aryl group; R 22 is an alkyl group or an aryl group; R 24 is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group; R 25 is an alkyl group; Z is an alkyl or an aryl group and x is from 1 to 30.
41 . The method of claim 38 , wherein the disiloxane is represented by:
wherein n is 1 to 12
42 . The method of claim 33 , wherein the first substituent is a first cross link that links the disiloxane to a second siloxane and that includes the poly(alkylene oxide) moiety.
43 . The method of claim 42 , wherein the disiloxane includes no more than one poly(alkylene oxide) moiety.
44 . The method of claim 42 , wherein the disiloxane is represented by the following formula I-K:
wherein n is 1 to 12.
45 . The method of claim 42 , wherein the disiloxane is represented by the following formula I-L:
wherein n is 1 to 12.
46 . The method of claim 33 , wherein the disiloxane is represented by:
wherein R 1 is an alkyl group or an aryl group; R 2 is an alkyl group or an aryl group; R 3 is an alkyl group or an aryl group; R. 4 is an alkyl group or an aryl group; R 5 is represented by formula I-A, formula I-B; or formula I-C; R 6 is an alkyl group, an aryl group, represented by formula I-D, or represented by formula 1-E:
formula I-A:
wherein R 10 is hydrogen; alkyl or aryl; R 11 is alkyl or aryl; and n is 1 to 12;
formula I-B:
wherein R 12 is an organic spacer and p is 1 to 2. The spacer can be an organic spacer and can include one or more —CH 2 — groups;
formula I-C:
where R 14 is nil or a spacer; R 15 is nil or a spacer; R 16 is hydrogen, alkyl or aryl; second siloxane represents another siloxane and n is 1 to 12;
formula I-D:
wherein R 17 is nil or a spacer; R 18 is hydrogen; alkyl or aryl; R 19 is alkyl or aryl; and q is 1 to 12;
formula I-E:
wherein R 20 is an organic spacer and p is 1 to 2.
47 . The method of claim 33 , wherein the disiloxane is represented by:
wherein R 1 is an alkyl group or an aryl group; R 2 is an alkyl group or an aryl group; R 3 is an alkyl group or an aryl group; R 4 is an alkyl group or an aryl group; R 5 is represented by formula I-A, formula I-B; or formula I-C; R 6 is an alkyl group, an aryl group, represented by formula I-D, or represented by formula I-E:
formula I-A:
wherein R 9 is nil or a spacer; R 10 is hydrogen; alkyl or aryl; is alkyl or aryl; and n is 1 to 12;
formula I-B:
wherein R 12 is an organic spacer and p is 1 to 2. The spacer can be an organic spacer and can include one or more —CH 2 — groups;
formula I-C:
where R 14 is nil or a spacer; R 15 is nil or a spacer; R 16 is hydrogen, alkyl or aryl; second siloxane represents another siloxane and n is 1 to 12;
formula I-D:
wherein R 18 is hydrogen; alkyl or aryl; R 19 is alkyl or aryl; and q is 1 to 12;
formula I-E:
wherein R 20 is an organic spacer and p is 1 to 2.
48 . The method of claim 33 , wherein the second silicon is linked to a second substituent selected from a group consisting of: a second side chain that includes a cyclic carbonate moiety, and a second side chain that includes a poly(alkylene oxide) moiety.
49 . The method of claim 48 , wherein the first substituent is a first side chain that includes the cyclic carbonate moiety and the second substituent is the second side chain that includes the cyclic carbonate moiety.
50 . The method of claim 49 , wherein the disiloxane is represented by:
51 . The method of claim 48 , wherein the first substituent is a first side chain that includes the cyclic carbonate moiety and the second substituent is the second side chain that includes the poly(alkylene oxide) moiety.
52 . The method of claim 48 , wherein the first substituent is a first side chain that includes the poly(alkylene oxide) moiety and the second substituent is the second side chain that includes the poly(alkylene oxide) moiety.
53 . The method of claim 48 , wherein the disiloxane is represented by:
where R 26 is an alkyl group or an aryl group; R 27 is an alkyl group or an aryl group; R 29 is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group; R 30 is an alkyl group; R 31 is an alkyl group or an aryl group; R 32 is an alkyl group or an aryl group; R 33 is nil or a spacer; R 34 is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group; R 35 is an alkyl group; x is from 1 to 30 and y is from 1 to 30.
54 . The method of claim 48 , wherein the disiloxane is represented by the following formula I-J:
wherein n is 1 to 12 and m is 1 to 12.
55 . The method of claim 48 , wherein the first substituent is a first cross link that includes the poly(alkylene oxide) moiety and the second substituent is the second side chain that includes the cyclic carbonate moiety.
56 . The method of claim 48 , wherein the first substituent is a first cross link that includes the poly(alkylene oxide) moiety and the second substituent is the second side chain that includes the poly(alkylene oxide) moiety.
57 . An electrochemical device, comprising:
an electrolyte including a disiloxane having a backbone with a first silicon and a second silicon, the first silicon being linked to a first substituent that includes a cyclic carbonate moiety or a poly(alkylene oxide) moiety.
58 . A method of forming an electrochemical device, comprising:
generating an electrolyte including a disiloxane having a backbone with a first silicon, and a second silicon, the first silicon being linked to a first substituent that includes a cyclic carbonate moiety or a poly(alkylene oxide) moiety; and activating one or more anodes and one or more cathodes with the electrolyte.Cited by (0)
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